Despite the advances that have been made in renewable energy over the past decade,crude oil or petroleum remains one of the most important energy resources to the world.Petroleum production presents many challenging i...Despite the advances that have been made in renewable energy over the past decade,crude oil or petroleum remains one of the most important energy resources to the world.Petroleum production presents many challenging issues,such as the destabilization of complex oil-water emulsions,fouling phenomena on pipelines and other facilities,and water treatment.These problems are influenced by the molecular forces at the oil/water/solid/gas interfaces involved in relevant processes.Herein,we present an overview of recent advances on probing the interfacial forces in several petroleum production processes(e.g.,bitumen extraction,emulsion stabilization and destabilization,fouling and antifouling phenomena,and water treatment)by applying nanomechanical measurement technologies such as a surface forces apparatus(SFA)and an atomic force microscope(AFM).The interaction forces between bitumen and mineral solids or air bubbles in the surrounding fluid media determine the bitumen liberation and flotation efficiency in oil sands production.The stability of complex oil/water emulsions is governed by the forces between emulsion drops and particularly between interface-active species(e.g.,asphaltenes).Various oil components(e.g.,asphaltenes)and emulsion drops interact with different substrate surfaces(e.g.,pipelines or membranes),influencing fouling phenomena,oil-water separation,and wastewater treatment.Quantifying these intermolecular and interfacial forces has advanced the mechanistic understanding of these interfacial interactions,facilitating the development of advanced materials and technologies to solve relevant challenging issues and improve petroleum production processes.Remaining challenges and suggestions on future research directions in the field are also presented.展开更多
In Ref.[1],Eq.(8)has a typo,the following replacement should be done.γ_(bb)/2rδ/δr(rδ(r,t)/δr=2γ_(bb)/R_(bb)-Þ(t,t)-Ⅱ[h[r,t)](bubble=drop-bubble=drop)The publisher regrets an error in the original–article...In Ref.[1],Eq.(8)has a typo,the following replacement should be done.γ_(bb)/2rδ/δr(rδ(r,t)/δr=2γ_(bb)/R_(bb)-Þ(t,t)-Ⅱ[h[r,t)](bubble=drop-bubble=drop)The publisher regrets an error in the original–article,and the sentence that explained the equation“Eqs.(8)–(10)show the augmented Young–Laplace equation for the interactions of gas bubbles or liquid droplets in different configurations,where Rb is the bubble/drop radius,Rp is the particle radius,Rbp=(1/Rb+1/Rp)1.展开更多
As population grow and climate change place significant water stress on numerous regions,the demand for efficient and environmentally friendly water resource solutions becomes increasingly urgent.To address this chall...As population grow and climate change place significant water stress on numerous regions,the demand for efficient and environmentally friendly water resource solutions becomes increasingly urgent.To address this challenge,desalination technology has received much attention and is widely employed,with a recent emphasis on solar-powered solutions driven by the global push for carbon neutrality.展开更多
Both Sun Wukong in eastern mythology and Transformers in western science fiction animation have profoundly inspired the design of deformable materials and modern robots.The application scope of intelligent materials,a...Both Sun Wukong in eastern mythology and Transformers in western science fiction animation have profoundly inspired the design of deformable materials and modern robots.The application scope of intelligent materials,also known as smart materials,which are capable of responding to external stimuli to achieve shape changes,structural reorganization,and functional reconfiguration,is wide-ranging,and it covers areas such as soft robotics and flexible electronics[1–3],4D printing[4,5],biomedical equipment[6,7],sensing devices[8],and energy harvesting systems[9].展开更多
Shape memory polymers(SMPs)have long been at the forefront of the field of stimulus-responsive shape-shifting polymers.SMPs possess a unique ability to recall and return to their original shapes after undergoing tempo...Shape memory polymers(SMPs)have long been at the forefront of the field of stimulus-responsive shape-shifting polymers.SMPs possess a unique ability to recall and return to their original shapes after undergoing temporary deformations triggered by specific external stimuli,including heat,light,or changes in the surrounding environment,such as alterations in p H conditions^([1-4]).展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)the Canada Foundation for Innovation(CFI)+2 种基金the Research Capacity Program(RCP)of Albertathe Future Energy Systems under the Canada First Research Excellence Fundthe Canada Research Chairs Program。
文摘Despite the advances that have been made in renewable energy over the past decade,crude oil or petroleum remains one of the most important energy resources to the world.Petroleum production presents many challenging issues,such as the destabilization of complex oil-water emulsions,fouling phenomena on pipelines and other facilities,and water treatment.These problems are influenced by the molecular forces at the oil/water/solid/gas interfaces involved in relevant processes.Herein,we present an overview of recent advances on probing the interfacial forces in several petroleum production processes(e.g.,bitumen extraction,emulsion stabilization and destabilization,fouling and antifouling phenomena,and water treatment)by applying nanomechanical measurement technologies such as a surface forces apparatus(SFA)and an atomic force microscope(AFM).The interaction forces between bitumen and mineral solids or air bubbles in the surrounding fluid media determine the bitumen liberation and flotation efficiency in oil sands production.The stability of complex oil/water emulsions is governed by the forces between emulsion drops and particularly between interface-active species(e.g.,asphaltenes).Various oil components(e.g.,asphaltenes)and emulsion drops interact with different substrate surfaces(e.g.,pipelines or membranes),influencing fouling phenomena,oil-water separation,and wastewater treatment.Quantifying these intermolecular and interfacial forces has advanced the mechanistic understanding of these interfacial interactions,facilitating the development of advanced materials and technologies to solve relevant challenging issues and improve petroleum production processes.Remaining challenges and suggestions on future research directions in the field are also presented.
文摘In Ref.[1],Eq.(8)has a typo,the following replacement should be done.γ_(bb)/2rδ/δr(rδ(r,t)/δr=2γ_(bb)/R_(bb)-Þ(t,t)-Ⅱ[h[r,t)](bubble=drop-bubble=drop)The publisher regrets an error in the original–article,and the sentence that explained the equation“Eqs.(8)–(10)show the augmented Young–Laplace equation for the interactions of gas bubbles or liquid droplets in different configurations,where Rb is the bubble/drop radius,Rp is the particle radius,Rbp=(1/Rb+1/Rp)1.
文摘As population grow and climate change place significant water stress on numerous regions,the demand for efficient and environmentally friendly water resource solutions becomes increasingly urgent.To address this challenge,desalination technology has received much attention and is widely employed,with a recent emphasis on solar-powered solutions driven by the global push for carbon neutrality.
文摘Both Sun Wukong in eastern mythology and Transformers in western science fiction animation have profoundly inspired the design of deformable materials and modern robots.The application scope of intelligent materials,also known as smart materials,which are capable of responding to external stimuli to achieve shape changes,structural reorganization,and functional reconfiguration,is wide-ranging,and it covers areas such as soft robotics and flexible electronics[1–3],4D printing[4,5],biomedical equipment[6,7],sensing devices[8],and energy harvesting systems[9].
文摘Shape memory polymers(SMPs)have long been at the forefront of the field of stimulus-responsive shape-shifting polymers.SMPs possess a unique ability to recall and return to their original shapes after undergoing temporary deformations triggered by specific external stimuli,including heat,light,or changes in the surrounding environment,such as alterations in p H conditions^([1-4]).
