Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent malignancy worldwide,posing a significant public health concern.Mounting evidence has confirmed that timely early screening facilitates the detection of incipient CRC,thereby enhan...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent malignancy worldwide,posing a significant public health concern.Mounting evidence has confirmed that timely early screening facilitates the detection of incipient CRC,thereby enhancing patient prognosis.Obviously,non-participation of asymptomatic individuals in screening programs hampers early diagnosis and may adversely affect long-term outcomes for CRC patients.In this letter,we provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of early screening practices,while also thoroughly examine the dilemmas and potential solutions associated with early screening for CRC.In response to these issues,we proffer a set of recommendations directed at governmental authorities and the general public,which focus on augmenting financial investment,establishing standardized screening protocols,advancing technological capabilities,and bolstering public awareness campaigns.The importance of collaborative efforts from various stakeholders cannot be overstated in the quest to enhance early detection rates and alleviate the societal burden of CRC.展开更多
Parkinson's disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized byα-Synuclein(α-Syn)aggregation and dopaminergic neuron degeneration[1].While traditionally considered a central nervous system(CNS)disorder,g...Parkinson's disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized byα-Synuclein(α-Syn)aggregation and dopaminergic neuron degeneration[1].While traditionally considered a central nervous system(CNS)disorder,growing evidence suggestsα-Syn pathology in the peripheral organs such as skin,minor salivary glands,submandibular glands,and so on[1].Recent studies have primarily focused on the gastrointestinal tract,supporting the hypothesis thatα-Syn may propagate from the gut to the brain in a prion-like manner[2,3].However,in a groundbreaking study published in Nature Neuroscience,Xin Yuan et al.have provided a novel perspective on the peripheral origins of PD,revealing for the first time the critical role of the kidney in the pathological transmission and initiation ofα-Syn(Fig.1)[4].展开更多
BACKGROUND Accurate preoperative differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules is critical for optimal patient management.However,conventional imaging modalities present inherent diagnostic limitations.AIM T...BACKGROUND Accurate preoperative differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules is critical for optimal patient management.However,conventional imaging modalities present inherent diagnostic limitations.AIM To develop a non-contrast computed tomography-based machine learning model integrating radiomics and clinical features for preoperative thyroid nodule classification.METHODS This multicenter retrospective study enrolled 272 patients with thyroid nodules(376 thyroid lobes)from center A(May 2021-April 2024),using histopathological findings as the reference standard.The dataset was stratified into a training cohort(264 lobes)and an internal validation cohort(112 lobes).Additional prospective temporal(97 lobes,May-August 2024,center A)and external multicenter(81 lobes,center B)test cohorts were incorporated to enhance generalizability.Thyroid lobes were segmented along the isthmus midline,with segmentation reliability confirmed by an intraclass correlation coefficient(≥0.80).Radiomics feature extraction was performed using Pearson correlation analysis followed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression with 10-fold cross-validation.Seven machine learning algorithms were systematically evaluated,with model performance quantified through the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),Brier score,decision curve analysis,and DeLong test for comparison with radiologists interpretations.Model interpretability was elucidated using SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP).RESULTS The extreme gradient boosting model demonstrated robust diagnostic performance across all datasets,achieving AUCs of 0.899[95%confidence interval(CI):0.845-0.932]in the training cohort,0.803(95%CI:0.715-0.890)in internal validation,0.855(95%CI:0.775-0.935)in temporal testing,and 0.802(95%CI:0.664-0.939)in external testing.These results were significantly superior to radiologists assessments(AUCs:0.596,0.529,0.558,and 0.538,respectively;P<0.001 by DeLong test).SHAP analysis identified radiomic score,age,tumor size stratification,calcification status,and cystic components as key predictive features.The model exhibited excellent calibration(Brier scores:0.125-0.144)and provided significant clinical net benefit at decision thresholds exceeding 20%,as evidenced by decision curve analysis.CONCLUSION The non-contrast computed tomography-based radiomics-clinical fusion model enables robust preoperative thyroid nodule classification,with SHAP-driven interpretability enhancing its clinical applicability for personalized decision-making.展开更多
Semi-supervised new intent discovery is a significant research focus in natural language understanding.To address the limitations of current semi-supervised training data and the underutilization of implicit informati...Semi-supervised new intent discovery is a significant research focus in natural language understanding.To address the limitations of current semi-supervised training data and the underutilization of implicit information,a Semi-supervised New Intent Discovery for Elastic Neighborhood Syntactic Elimination and Fusion model(SNID-ENSEF)is proposed.Syntactic elimination contrast learning leverages verb-dominant syntactic features,systematically replacing specific words to enhance data diversity.The radius of the positive sample neighborhood is elastically adjusted to eliminate invalid samples and improve training efficiency.A neighborhood sample fusion strategy,based on sample distribution patterns,dynamically adjusts neighborhood size and fuses sample vectors to reduce noise and improve implicit information utilization and discovery accuracy.Experimental results show that SNID-ENSEF achieves average improvements of 0.88%,1.27%,and 1.30%in Normalized Mutual Information(NMI),Accuracy(ACC),and Adjusted Rand Index(ARI),respectively,outperforming PTJN,DPN,MTP-CLNN,and DWG models on the Banking77,StackOverflow,and Clinc150 datasets.The code is available at https://github.com/qsdesz/SNID-ENSEF,accessed on 16 January 2025.展开更多
Valorization of renewable cellulose into initial platform chemicals(IPCs)generally suffers from low process efficiency owing to difficult depolymerization of recalcitrant cellulose and troublesome repolymerization of ...Valorization of renewable cellulose into initial platform chemicals(IPCs)generally suffers from low process efficiency owing to difficult depolymerization of recalcitrant cellulose and troublesome repolymerization of high-reactive intermediates to undesired humins.Herein,we report a double-protective strategy for cellulose depolymerization and orientated conversion to levulinic acid(LA),one of the important IPCs,by in-situ adding protective formaldehyde(HCHO).This approach initiates from the(hemi)acetalation of hydroxyl groups in cellulose with HCHO,causing controllable depolymerization to(hemi)acetalized glucose with increased rate kinetically and a new mechanism of its catalytic conversion to LA via(hemi)acetal-driven direct C1-C2 cleavage.As such,the cellulose-to-LA conversion is protectively proceeded with the repolymerization of reactive intermediates prevented remarkably,leading to an excellent LA yield of 87.3 mol% from high-loading microcrystalline cellulose(15.0 wt% in aqueous phase)in a biphasic solvent containing 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and water.The process efficiency,expressed as space-time yield,is improved by 3.6 fold when compared with a non-protective approach.This work highlights an advance in maximizing the utilization of biomass-derived carbons for high-efficiency production of important IPCs directly from cellulose for future biorefinery.展开更多
This research aimed to identify and validate ferroptosis-related signature genes associated with psoriasis through a comprehensive bioinformatics approach,while also predicting potential traditional Chinese medicines(...This research aimed to identify and validate ferroptosis-related signature genes associated with psoriasis through a comprehensive bioinformatics approach,while also predicting potential traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)targeting these genes.The findings might offer a foundation for understanding ferroptosis mechanisms in psoriasis and exploring TCM-based therapeutic strategies.To begin,we retrieved gene expression profile data from psoriasis patients and healthy controls from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database,followed by data normalization.Ferroptosis-associated differentially expressed genes(Fer-DEGs)were identified using the FerrDb database.Subsequent GO and KEGG enrichment analyses provided insights into the biological functions and signaling pathways of these Fer-DEGs.Core Fer-DEGs were identified using machine learning algorithms,and their expression levels were further validated with an external dataset to evaluate diagnostic potential.Additionally,the symMap database facilitated the reverse prediction of TCMs targeting these key signature genes.The analysis identified 265 significant Fer-DEGs.GO enrichment indicated their involvement in diverse biological processes,while KEGG analysis highlighted their roles in various pathways,including ferroptosis,autophagy,cancer,infection,and metabolism,as well as PI3K-Akt,FoxO,mTOR,and HIF-1 signaling pathways.Machine learning pinpointed nine core psoriasis-related Fer-DEGs:PRKAA2,ANO6,POR,PTEN,MAPK8,ZFAS1,ADAM23,TMBIM4,and PARP14,all demonstrating strong diagnostic performance.Predicted TCMs primarily included those with heat-clearing,detoxifying,blood-activating,stasis-resolving,and phlegm-resolving properties.In conclusion,our study suggested that PRKAA2,ANO6,POR,PTEN,MAPK8,ZFAS1,ADAM23,TMBIM4,and PARP14 were key players in the ferroptosis pathway in psoriasis.TCMs with properties such as heat-clearing,blood activation,and phlegm resolution might hold promise for anti-ferroptosis interventions in psoriasis treatment.展开更多
China has a high prevalence rate of Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),and there is currently limited understanding of the levels of exercise self-efficacy(ESE)among individuals with MAFLD.The objective w...China has a high prevalence rate of Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),and there is currently limited understanding of the levels of exercise self-efficacy(ESE)among individuals with MAFLD.The objective was to explore the potential ESE patterns in older adults with MAFLD.A cross-sectional study was conducted on 800 older adults with fatty liver disease from five communities from April 20,2023 to August 15,2023.Latent profile analysis(LPA)and k-means clustering were used to determine the optimal number of ESE groups.Using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression to investigate the factors influencing profiles of ESE.A sample of 775 subjects met the diagnostic criteria for MAFLD.LPA yielded three profiles:the low-ESE,mild-ESE,and high-ESE groups,which comprised 25%,28%,and 47%of the sample,respectively.K-means clustering further supported the categorization of ESE into three distinct classes.The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that diabetes,arthritis and/or arthrosis,as well as companionship during PA were significant influencing factors for the different profiles(p<0.05).Our findings suggest that the ESE of older patients with MAFLD is primarily at a moderate level or above.There was population heterogeneity in ESE among older patients with MAFLD.Diabetes mellitus,arthritis,and/or arthrosis,as well as companionship during PA were significant factors in influencing the likelihood of having high ESE.展开更多
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(COPD) is a major chronic respiratory disease worldwide. Inflammat...Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(COPD) is a major chronic respiratory disease worldwide. Inflammatory cells reflect the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">inflammatory situation both in peripheral blood and induced sputum. </span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Their correlation has not been reported. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The correlation between neutrophils (Neu), eosinophils (Eos), and lymphocyte (Lym) in induced sputum and that in peripheral blood of COPD </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">patients was evaluated </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to explore the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">consistency of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood and induced sputum. Peripheral blood and induced sputum were collected from 437 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">patients with acute exacerbation of COPD</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (AECOPD) who were hospitalized in the Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The correlation analysis was performed by Spearman correlation analysis. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The r</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">atios of Neu, Eos, and Lym in induced sputum were (79.15 ± 22.60)%, (5.23 ± 12.74)%, and (1.69 ± 2.66)%. The ratios of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Neu, Eos, and Lym in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">peripheral blood were (63.29 ± 11.44)%, (2.99 ± 3.60)%, and (25.16 ± 10.19)%. The results showed that the ratios of Neu and Eos in induced sputum were significantly correlated with the proportion of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">corresponding cells in peripheral blood (P < 0.05). </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">There was no correlation between the ratio of Lym and Leu in induced sputum and corresponding cells in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">peripheral blood (P > 0.05). In patients with AECOPD, the tendency of Neu and Eos in induced sputum was </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">consistent with the corresponding cells in peripheral blood. Neu and Eos in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">induced sputum and peripheral blood reflected the degree of inflammation to guide the individualized medication of patients.展开更多
End-to-end Temporal Action Detection(TAD)has achieved remarkable progress in recent years,driven by innovations in model architectures and the emergence of Video Foundation Models(VFMs).However,existing TAD methods th...End-to-end Temporal Action Detection(TAD)has achieved remarkable progress in recent years,driven by innovations in model architectures and the emergence of Video Foundation Models(VFMs).However,existing TAD methods that perform full fine-tuning of pretrained video models often incur substantial computational costs,which become particularly pronounced when processing long video sequences.Moreover,the need for precise temporal boundary annotations makes data labeling extremely expensive.In low-resource settings where annotated samples are scarce,direct fine-tuning tends to cause overfitting.To address these challenges,we introduce Dynamic LowRank Adapter(DyLoRA),a lightweight fine-tuning framework tailored specifically for the TAD task.Built upon the Low-Rank Adaptation(LoRA)architecture,DyLoRA adapts only the key layers of the pretrained model via low-rank decomposition,reducing the number of trainable parameters to less than 5%of full fine-tuning methods.This significantly lowers memory consumption and mitigates overfitting in low-resource settings.Notably,DyLoRA enhances the temporal modeling capability of pretrained models by optimizing temporal dimension weights,thereby alleviating the representation misalignment of temporal features.Experimental results demonstrate that DyLoRA-TAD achieves impressive performance,with 73.9%mAP on THUMOS14,39.52%on ActivityNet-1.3,and 28.2%on Charades,substantially surpassing the best traditional feature-based methods.展开更多
Zearalenone(ZEN),a mycotoxin present in cereals,poses significant health risks to animals and humans due to its estrogenic effects.Numerous studies on the enzymatic detoxification of ZEN have predominantly focused on ...Zearalenone(ZEN),a mycotoxin present in cereals,poses significant health risks to animals and humans due to its estrogenic effects.Numerous studies on the enzymatic detoxification of ZEN have predominantly focused on reducing the parent toxin to assess the enzyme’s efficacy,yet there is limited research on the identification and toxicity evaluation of the enzymatic degradation products.This study investigated the enzymatic degradation mechanisms of ZEN using commercial peroxidase(POD)and laccase(LC),with a focus on identifying degradation products and assessing their hepatotoxicity effects.Molecular docking and dynamics simulations elucidated the binding mechanisms between these enzymes and ZEN,revealing strong interactions that facilitate efficient detoxification.Subsequent analysis employing ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-HRMS)successfully identified crucial degradation products.Hepatic toxicity of the enzymatic degradation products was comprehensively assessed in HepaRG liver cells through systematic measurements of cell viability,oxidative stress,apoptosis,mitochondrial membrane potential,and molecular metabolic profiles.Our findings demonstrate that both POD and LC exhibit significant efficacy in mitigating hepatocyte toxicity induced by ZEN,thereby highlighting their potential utility in enhancing food safety.This research provides essential data for safety evaluation regarding enzymatic detoxification of ZEN while offering theoretical and technical resources for risk assessment related to mycotoxin enzymatic detoxification.展开更多
As its tuberous alkaloids induce valuable pharmacological effects,Pinellia ternata has considerable clinical value.However,its production currently fails to meet its demand.In vitro microtuber culture,combined with sa...As its tuberous alkaloids induce valuable pharmacological effects,Pinellia ternata has considerable clinical value.However,its production currently fails to meet its demand.In vitro microtuber culture,combined with salicylic acid(SA)elicitation,may provide an effective alternative to traditional field production.In this study,an in vitro P.ternata microtuber induction system was developed and used to evaluate SA-induced elicitation of alkaloid accumulation.The quality of in vitro microtubers was assessed by total alkaloid measurement,a cytotoxicity assay,and transcriptomic analysis.With or without SA treatment,P.ternata microtuber induction was achieved within 60 d using petiole-derived explants,with a microtuber proliferation rate of approximately 17 microtubers per explant.The total alkaloid content of in vitro microtubers elicited with 100μM SA was equivalent to that of field-grown tubers,while those not treated with SA contained lower alkaloid content.The cytotoxicity assay showed preliminary cytotoxic effects of SA-treated microtubers against the breast cancer cell line SUM159,comparable to field-grown tubers.Transcriptomic analysis revealed many differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in SA-treated in vitro microtubers.Six and twelve DEGs were annotated to the tropane,piperidine,and pyridine alkaloid pathway and the isoquinoline alkaloid pathway,respectively.RT-qPCR confirmed that the genes encoding spermidine synthase(c64642_g1),hyoscyamine(6S)-dioxygenase(c62620_g1),catechol oxidase(c61704_g3),monoamine oxidase(c65996_g3),and aspartate transaminase(c71069_g1)were significantly induced by SA.This study advances the production of P.ternata microtubers without field cultivation and provides considerable genetic information regarding SA-promoted alkaloid accumulation in P.ternata.展开更多
The phenol and m-cresol biodegradations were studied using the mutant strain CTM 2 obtained by the He-Ne laser irradiation on wild-type Candida tropicalis. The results showed that C. tropicalis exhibited the increased...The phenol and m-cresol biodegradations were studied using the mutant strain CTM 2 obtained by the He-Ne laser irradiation on wild-type Candida tropicalis. The results showed that C. tropicalis exhibited the increased capacity of phenolic compounds degradation after laser irradiation. It could degrade 2600 mg/L phenol and 300 mg/L m-cresol by 5% inoculum concentration, respectively. In the dual-substrate biodegradation system, 0-500 mg/L phenol could accelerate m-cresol biodegradation, and 300 mg/L m-cresol could be completely utilized within 46 hr at the presence of 350 mg/L phenol. Besides, the maximum biodegradation of m-cresol could reach 350 mg/L with 80 mg/L phenol within 61 hr. Obviously, phenol, as a growth substrate, could promote CTM 2 to degrade m-cresol, and was always preferentially utilized as carbon source. Comparatively, low-concentration m-cresol could result in a great inhibition on phenol degradation. In addition, the kinetic behaviors of cell growth and substrate biodegradation were described by kinetic model proposed in our laboratory.展开更多
The machinability tests were conducted by using a YD-21 dynamometer on a CA6161A lathe.The experiments were conducted to determine the effect of free-cutting additives on machining characteristics of austenitic stainl...The machinability tests were conducted by using a YD-21 dynamometer on a CA6161A lathe.The experiments were conducted to determine the effect of free-cutting additives on machining characteristics of austenitic stainless steels.The conventional austenitic stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti（steel A） and the free cutting austenitic stainless steel（steel B） were prepared.The results have shown that machinable inclusions were composed of MnS and CuO,and they might be also Ti4C2S2.The presence of Bi in the inclusion was detected by the atom map and electro-probe microanalysis（EPMA）,which might be one of the most important factors to improve the machinability of austenitic stainless steels.The cutting forces for steel B were lower than those of steel A at various cutting speeds;the abrasion depth of the flank of the tool for steel B was less than that of the steel A under the same cutting conditions.The machinability of austenitic stainless steel was visibly improved by adding free-cutting additives,such as S,Cu and Bi.Ultimate tensile,yield strength,and total elongation values of the free cutting austenitic stainless steel were improved due to the addition of these free-cutting additives.展开更多
Gd^3+/TiO_(2)and Gd_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2)nanoparticles were prepared by ball milling method.The effects of Gd^3+ion and Gd2O3 on the structure and optical property of TiO2 were studied by XRD and UV-vis DRS.Specific surfac...Gd^3+/TiO_(2)and Gd_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2)nanoparticles were prepared by ball milling method.The effects of Gd^3+ion and Gd2O3 on the structure and optical property of TiO2 were studied by XRD and UV-vis DRS.Specific surface area was determined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)method.The morphology and elemental composition were characterized by SEM-EDS.XPS was used to determine the surface compositions and chemical character of elements.The sample sizes and microstructures were observed by TEM.The photocatalytic activities of TiO2 nanoparticles modified with rare earth metal gadolinium(Gd^3+ion or Gd_(2)O_(3))were evaluated by degradation of methylene blue(MB)under UV light.Experimental results indicate that 2,5 mol%Gd^3+/TiO2 shows the best photocatalytic activity compared with Gd2O3/TiO2 and pure TiO2.The existence of gadolinium can exhibit the aggregation and induce lattice distortion of TiO2 obtained from XRD,SEM and TEM results.The band gap energy of 2.5 mol%Gd^3+/TiO2 decreases to3.07 eV and it leads to visible light absorption response which can be seen from UV-vis absorption spectra.The surface area of 2.5 mol%Gd^3+/TiO2 equals to 85.8 m^2/g and average crystal size is 21.1 nm.EDS and XPS analyses reveal that gadolinium can be introduced either into TiO2 lattice or adsorbed on the surface of TiO2.The content of surface OH groups in 2.5 mol%Gd^3+/TiO2 is 50,88%(1.55 times higher than that of pure TiO2)and the content of lattice oxygen decreases to 11.26%.The MB(25 mg/L)degradation reaction rate constants of 2,5 mol%Gd^3+/TiO2,0.5 mol%Gd2O3/TiO2 and pure TiO2 were0.0713,0.0588 and 0.0263 min^-1,respectively.The degradation rates of rhodamine B(30 mg/L)in 60 min are 97,9%,90.1%and 84.6%for 2,5 mol%Gd^3+/TiO2,0.5 mol%Gd2O3/TiO2 and pure TiO2,respectively.展开更多
This study used the pseudo-spinodal mechanism to obtain the ultrafineαphase for designing highstrength titanium alloy.Diffusion multiple experiments were designed to find the composition range of TM-x Mo-y V alloy(TM...This study used the pseudo-spinodal mechanism to obtain the ultrafineαphase for designing highstrength titanium alloy.Diffusion multiple experiments were designed to find the composition range of TM-x Mo-y V alloy(TM:Ti-4.5 Al-2 Cr-2.5 Nb-2 Zr-1 Sn)for obtaining ultrafineαphase.CALPHAD results confirm that when the alloy composition is located near the intersection of theαandβphase free energy curves,the alloy will undergo pseudo-spinodal transformation and obtain the ultrafineαphase.The designed TM-6 Mo-3 V alloy has a yield strength of 1411 MPa and an elongation of 6.5%.The strength of the alloy depends on the thickness,fraction of theαphase and the solid solution strengthening effect of the alloying elements.The deformation mechanism of the alloy is the dislocation slip of theαandβphases and the twin deformation of theαphase.The large number ofα/βinterfaces produced by the fineαphase is the main reason for limiting the ductility of the alloy.The use of the pseudo-spinodal mechanism combined with diffusion multiple experiments and CALPHAD is an effective method for designing high-strength titanium alloys.展开更多
Cemented paste backfill(CPB),a mixture of tailings,binder,and water,is widely and extensively used for the recovery of mineral resources,the prevention of ground subsidence,and the management of mine waste.When instal...Cemented paste backfill(CPB),a mixture of tailings,binder,and water,is widely and extensively used for the recovery of mineral resources,the prevention of ground subsidence,and the management of mine waste.When installed,the CPB is subjected to complex environmental conditions such as water content,temperature,and power,which have a significant impact on its efficiency.Thus,this study conducts a series of laboratory programs,including investigation of moisture,temperature,stress–strain relation,and microstructure to show the effect of curing humidity on the CPB behaviors.The results obtained indicate that ambient humidity can have a dramatic effect on CPB in terms of its macro performance of internal relative humidity,temperature and strength,as well as the micro expression.Typical examples of these effects on CPB include an increase in curing humidity,which favors binder hydration,and then an increase in hydration materials,temperature and peak stress in the CPB.The results obtained will lead to a better understanding of CPB’s responses to various environmental conditions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a heavy burden in China.Nutritional support for GC patients is closely related to postoperative rehabilitation.However,the role of early oral feeding after laparoscopic radical total ga...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a heavy burden in China.Nutritional support for GC patients is closely related to postoperative rehabilitation.However,the role of early oral feeding after laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy in GC patients is unclear and high-quality research evidence is scarce.AIM To prospectively explore the safety,feasibility and short-term clinical outcomes of early oral feeding after laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy for GC patients.METHODS This study was a prospective cohort study conducted between January 2018 and December 2019 based in a high-volume tertiary hospital in China.A total of 206 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy for GC were enrolled.Of which,105 patients were given early oral feeding(EOF group)after surgery,and the other 101 patients were given the traditional feeding strategy(control group)after surgery.Perioperative clinical data were recorded and analyzed.The primary endpoints were gastrointestinal function recovery time and postoperative complications,and the secondary endpoints were postoperative nutritional status,length of hospital stay and expenses,etc.RESULTS Compared with the control group,patients in the EOF group had a significantly shorter postoperative first exhaust time(2.48±1.17 d vs 3.37±1.42 d,P=0.001)and first defecation time(3.83±2.41 d vs 5.32±2.70 d,P=0.004).In addition,the EOF group had a significant shorter postoperative hospitalization duration(5.85±1.53 d vs 7.71±1.56 d,P<0.001)and lower postoperative hospitalization expenses(16.60±5.10 K¥vs 21.00±7.50 K¥,P=0.014).On the 5th day after surgery,serum prealbumin level(214.52±22.47 mg/L vs 204.17±20.62 mg/L,P=0.018),serum gastrin level(246.30±57.10 ng/L vs 223.60±55.70 ng/L,P=0.001)and serum motilin level(424.60±68.30 ng/L vs 409.30±61.70 ng/L,P=0.002)were higher in the EOF group.However,there was no significant difference in the incidence of total postoperative complications between the two groups(P=0.507).CONCLUSION Early oral feeding after laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function,improve postoperative nutritional status,reduce length of hospital stay and expenses while not increasing the incidence of related complications,which indicates its safety,feasibility and potential benefits for gastric cancer patients.展开更多
Cold metal transfer plus pulse(C+P)arc was applied in the additive manufacturing of 4043 Al alloy parts.Parameters in the manufacturing of the parts were investigated.The properties and microstructure of the parts wer...Cold metal transfer plus pulse(C+P)arc was applied in the additive manufacturing of 4043 Al alloy parts.Parameters in the manufacturing of the parts were investigated.The properties and microstructure of the parts were also characterized.Experimental results showed that welding at a speed of 8 mm/s and a wire feeding speed of 4.0 m/min was suitable to manufacture thin-walled parts,and the reciprocating scanning method could be adopted to manufacture thick-walled parts.The thin-walled parts of the C+P mode had fewer pores than those of the cold metal transfer(CMT)mode.The thin-and thick-walled parts of the C+P mode showed maximum tensile strengths of 172 and 178 MPa,respectively.Hardness decreased at the interface and in the coarse dendrite and increased in the refined grain area.展开更多
High-dimensional and sparse(HiDS)matrices commonly arise in various industrial applications,e.g.,recommender systems(RSs),social networks,and wireless sensor networks.Since they contain rich information,how to accurat...High-dimensional and sparse(HiDS)matrices commonly arise in various industrial applications,e.g.,recommender systems(RSs),social networks,and wireless sensor networks.Since they contain rich information,how to accurately represent them is of great significance.A latent factor(LF)model is one of the most popular and successful ways to address this issue.Current LF models mostly adopt L2-norm-oriented Loss to represent an HiDS matrix,i.e.,they sum the errors between observed data and predicted ones with L2-norm.Yet L2-norm is sensitive to outlier data.Unfortunately,outlier data usually exist in such matrices.For example,an HiDS matrix from RSs commonly contains many outlier ratings due to some heedless/malicious users.To address this issue,this work proposes a smooth L1-norm-oriented latent factor(SL-LF)model.Its main idea is to adopt smooth L1-norm rather than L2-norm to form its Loss,making it have both strong robustness and high accuracy in predicting the missing data of an HiDS matrix.Experimental results on eight HiDS matrices generated by industrial applications verify that the proposed SL-LF model not only is robust to the outlier data but also has significantly higher prediction accuracy than state-of-the-art models when they are used to predict the missing data of HiDS matrices.展开更多
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent malignancy worldwide,posing a significant public health concern.Mounting evidence has confirmed that timely early screening facilitates the detection of incipient CRC,thereby enhancing patient prognosis.Obviously,non-participation of asymptomatic individuals in screening programs hampers early diagnosis and may adversely affect long-term outcomes for CRC patients.In this letter,we provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of early screening practices,while also thoroughly examine the dilemmas and potential solutions associated with early screening for CRC.In response to these issues,we proffer a set of recommendations directed at governmental authorities and the general public,which focus on augmenting financial investment,establishing standardized screening protocols,advancing technological capabilities,and bolstering public awareness campaigns.The importance of collaborative efforts from various stakeholders cannot be overstated in the quest to enhance early detection rates and alleviate the societal burden of CRC.
基金supported by the Science,Technology,and Development Foundation of Wuxi City(Y20222026)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(SJCX25_0136).
文摘Parkinson's disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized byα-Synuclein(α-Syn)aggregation and dopaminergic neuron degeneration[1].While traditionally considered a central nervous system(CNS)disorder,growing evidence suggestsα-Syn pathology in the peripheral organs such as skin,minor salivary glands,submandibular glands,and so on[1].Recent studies have primarily focused on the gastrointestinal tract,supporting the hypothesis thatα-Syn may propagate from the gut to the brain in a prion-like manner[2,3].However,in a groundbreaking study published in Nature Neuroscience,Xin Yuan et al.have provided a novel perspective on the peripheral origins of PD,revealing for the first time the critical role of the kidney in the pathological transmission and initiation ofα-Syn(Fig.1)[4].
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund of Nanjing Medical University,No.NMUB20230037the Youth Scientific Research Nurturing Fund of Jiangbei Campus of Zhongda Hospital Affiliated with Southeast University,No.JB2024Q01.
文摘BACKGROUND Accurate preoperative differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules is critical for optimal patient management.However,conventional imaging modalities present inherent diagnostic limitations.AIM To develop a non-contrast computed tomography-based machine learning model integrating radiomics and clinical features for preoperative thyroid nodule classification.METHODS This multicenter retrospective study enrolled 272 patients with thyroid nodules(376 thyroid lobes)from center A(May 2021-April 2024),using histopathological findings as the reference standard.The dataset was stratified into a training cohort(264 lobes)and an internal validation cohort(112 lobes).Additional prospective temporal(97 lobes,May-August 2024,center A)and external multicenter(81 lobes,center B)test cohorts were incorporated to enhance generalizability.Thyroid lobes were segmented along the isthmus midline,with segmentation reliability confirmed by an intraclass correlation coefficient(≥0.80).Radiomics feature extraction was performed using Pearson correlation analysis followed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression with 10-fold cross-validation.Seven machine learning algorithms were systematically evaluated,with model performance quantified through the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),Brier score,decision curve analysis,and DeLong test for comparison with radiologists interpretations.Model interpretability was elucidated using SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP).RESULTS The extreme gradient boosting model demonstrated robust diagnostic performance across all datasets,achieving AUCs of 0.899[95%confidence interval(CI):0.845-0.932]in the training cohort,0.803(95%CI:0.715-0.890)in internal validation,0.855(95%CI:0.775-0.935)in temporal testing,and 0.802(95%CI:0.664-0.939)in external testing.These results were significantly superior to radiologists assessments(AUCs:0.596,0.529,0.558,and 0.538,respectively;P<0.001 by DeLong test).SHAP analysis identified radiomic score,age,tumor size stratification,calcification status,and cystic components as key predictive features.The model exhibited excellent calibration(Brier scores:0.125-0.144)and provided significant clinical net benefit at decision thresholds exceeding 20%,as evidenced by decision curve analysis.CONCLUSION The non-contrast computed tomography-based radiomics-clinical fusion model enables robust preoperative thyroid nodule classification,with SHAP-driven interpretability enhancing its clinical applicability for personalized decision-making.
基金supported by Research Projects of the Nature Science Foundation of Hebei Province(F2021402005).
文摘Semi-supervised new intent discovery is a significant research focus in natural language understanding.To address the limitations of current semi-supervised training data and the underutilization of implicit information,a Semi-supervised New Intent Discovery for Elastic Neighborhood Syntactic Elimination and Fusion model(SNID-ENSEF)is proposed.Syntactic elimination contrast learning leverages verb-dominant syntactic features,systematically replacing specific words to enhance data diversity.The radius of the positive sample neighborhood is elastically adjusted to eliminate invalid samples and improve training efficiency.A neighborhood sample fusion strategy,based on sample distribution patterns,dynamically adjusts neighborhood size and fuses sample vectors to reduce noise and improve implicit information utilization and discovery accuracy.Experimental results show that SNID-ENSEF achieves average improvements of 0.88%,1.27%,and 1.30%in Normalized Mutual Information(NMI),Accuracy(ACC),and Adjusted Rand Index(ARI),respectively,outperforming PTJN,DPN,MTP-CLNN,and DWG models on the Banking77,StackOverflow,and Clinc150 datasets.The code is available at https://github.com/qsdesz/SNID-ENSEF,accessed on 16 January 2025.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22378277)111 Center(B17030)+1 种基金the Basal Research Fund of the Central University(2016SCU04B06)the technical support from the Analysis and Test Center of Sichuan University。
文摘Valorization of renewable cellulose into initial platform chemicals(IPCs)generally suffers from low process efficiency owing to difficult depolymerization of recalcitrant cellulose and troublesome repolymerization of high-reactive intermediates to undesired humins.Herein,we report a double-protective strategy for cellulose depolymerization and orientated conversion to levulinic acid(LA),one of the important IPCs,by in-situ adding protective formaldehyde(HCHO).This approach initiates from the(hemi)acetalation of hydroxyl groups in cellulose with HCHO,causing controllable depolymerization to(hemi)acetalized glucose with increased rate kinetically and a new mechanism of its catalytic conversion to LA via(hemi)acetal-driven direct C1-C2 cleavage.As such,the cellulose-to-LA conversion is protectively proceeded with the repolymerization of reactive intermediates prevented remarkably,leading to an excellent LA yield of 87.3 mol% from high-loading microcrystalline cellulose(15.0 wt% in aqueous phase)in a biphasic solvent containing 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and water.The process efficiency,expressed as space-time yield,is improved by 3.6 fold when compared with a non-protective approach.This work highlights an advance in maximizing the utilization of biomass-derived carbons for high-efficiency production of important IPCs directly from cellulose for future biorefinery.
基金Yunnan Provincial Excellent Clinical Talents Training Project(the First Batch)(Yunnan Financial Society(2024)No.103).
文摘This research aimed to identify and validate ferroptosis-related signature genes associated with psoriasis through a comprehensive bioinformatics approach,while also predicting potential traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)targeting these genes.The findings might offer a foundation for understanding ferroptosis mechanisms in psoriasis and exploring TCM-based therapeutic strategies.To begin,we retrieved gene expression profile data from psoriasis patients and healthy controls from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database,followed by data normalization.Ferroptosis-associated differentially expressed genes(Fer-DEGs)were identified using the FerrDb database.Subsequent GO and KEGG enrichment analyses provided insights into the biological functions and signaling pathways of these Fer-DEGs.Core Fer-DEGs were identified using machine learning algorithms,and their expression levels were further validated with an external dataset to evaluate diagnostic potential.Additionally,the symMap database facilitated the reverse prediction of TCMs targeting these key signature genes.The analysis identified 265 significant Fer-DEGs.GO enrichment indicated their involvement in diverse biological processes,while KEGG analysis highlighted their roles in various pathways,including ferroptosis,autophagy,cancer,infection,and metabolism,as well as PI3K-Akt,FoxO,mTOR,and HIF-1 signaling pathways.Machine learning pinpointed nine core psoriasis-related Fer-DEGs:PRKAA2,ANO6,POR,PTEN,MAPK8,ZFAS1,ADAM23,TMBIM4,and PARP14,all demonstrating strong diagnostic performance.Predicted TCMs primarily included those with heat-clearing,detoxifying,blood-activating,stasis-resolving,and phlegm-resolving properties.In conclusion,our study suggested that PRKAA2,ANO6,POR,PTEN,MAPK8,ZFAS1,ADAM23,TMBIM4,and PARP14 were key players in the ferroptosis pathway in psoriasis.TCMs with properties such as heat-clearing,blood activation,and phlegm resolution might hold promise for anti-ferroptosis interventions in psoriasis treatment.
基金Wuxi Social development technology demonstration project(N20201003)Top Talent Support Program for young and middle-aged people of Wuxi Health Committee(BJ 2023049).
文摘China has a high prevalence rate of Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),and there is currently limited understanding of the levels of exercise self-efficacy(ESE)among individuals with MAFLD.The objective was to explore the potential ESE patterns in older adults with MAFLD.A cross-sectional study was conducted on 800 older adults with fatty liver disease from five communities from April 20,2023 to August 15,2023.Latent profile analysis(LPA)and k-means clustering were used to determine the optimal number of ESE groups.Using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression to investigate the factors influencing profiles of ESE.A sample of 775 subjects met the diagnostic criteria for MAFLD.LPA yielded three profiles:the low-ESE,mild-ESE,and high-ESE groups,which comprised 25%,28%,and 47%of the sample,respectively.K-means clustering further supported the categorization of ESE into three distinct classes.The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that diabetes,arthritis and/or arthrosis,as well as companionship during PA were significant influencing factors for the different profiles(p<0.05).Our findings suggest that the ESE of older patients with MAFLD is primarily at a moderate level or above.There was population heterogeneity in ESE among older patients with MAFLD.Diabetes mellitus,arthritis,and/or arthrosis,as well as companionship during PA were significant factors in influencing the likelihood of having high ESE.
文摘Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(COPD) is a major chronic respiratory disease worldwide. Inflammatory cells reflect the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">inflammatory situation both in peripheral blood and induced sputum. </span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Their correlation has not been reported. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The correlation between neutrophils (Neu), eosinophils (Eos), and lymphocyte (Lym) in induced sputum and that in peripheral blood of COPD </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">patients was evaluated </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to explore the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">consistency of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood and induced sputum. Peripheral blood and induced sputum were collected from 437 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">patients with acute exacerbation of COPD</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (AECOPD) who were hospitalized in the Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The correlation analysis was performed by Spearman correlation analysis. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The r</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">atios of Neu, Eos, and Lym in induced sputum were (79.15 ± 22.60)%, (5.23 ± 12.74)%, and (1.69 ± 2.66)%. The ratios of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Neu, Eos, and Lym in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">peripheral blood were (63.29 ± 11.44)%, (2.99 ± 3.60)%, and (25.16 ± 10.19)%. The results showed that the ratios of Neu and Eos in induced sputum were significantly correlated with the proportion of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">corresponding cells in peripheral blood (P < 0.05). </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">There was no correlation between the ratio of Lym and Leu in induced sputum and corresponding cells in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">peripheral blood (P > 0.05). In patients with AECOPD, the tendency of Neu and Eos in induced sputum was </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">consistent with the corresponding cells in peripheral blood. Neu and Eos in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">induced sputum and peripheral blood reflected the degree of inflammation to guide the individualized medication of patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62266054)the Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province(Grant No.202402AD080002)the Scientific Research Fund of the Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.2025Y0302).
文摘End-to-end Temporal Action Detection(TAD)has achieved remarkable progress in recent years,driven by innovations in model architectures and the emergence of Video Foundation Models(VFMs).However,existing TAD methods that perform full fine-tuning of pretrained video models often incur substantial computational costs,which become particularly pronounced when processing long video sequences.Moreover,the need for precise temporal boundary annotations makes data labeling extremely expensive.In low-resource settings where annotated samples are scarce,direct fine-tuning tends to cause overfitting.To address these challenges,we introduce Dynamic LowRank Adapter(DyLoRA),a lightweight fine-tuning framework tailored specifically for the TAD task.Built upon the Low-Rank Adaptation(LoRA)architecture,DyLoRA adapts only the key layers of the pretrained model via low-rank decomposition,reducing the number of trainable parameters to less than 5%of full fine-tuning methods.This significantly lowers memory consumption and mitigates overfitting in low-resource settings.Notably,DyLoRA enhances the temporal modeling capability of pretrained models by optimizing temporal dimension weights,thereby alleviating the representation misalignment of temporal features.Experimental results demonstrate that DyLoRA-TAD achieves impressive performance,with 73.9%mAP on THUMOS14,39.52%on ActivityNet-1.3,and 28.2%on Charades,substantially surpassing the best traditional feature-based methods.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1102500)the Key Research and Development Projects in Hubei Province,China(2021BCA113).
文摘Zearalenone(ZEN),a mycotoxin present in cereals,poses significant health risks to animals and humans due to its estrogenic effects.Numerous studies on the enzymatic detoxification of ZEN have predominantly focused on reducing the parent toxin to assess the enzyme’s efficacy,yet there is limited research on the identification and toxicity evaluation of the enzymatic degradation products.This study investigated the enzymatic degradation mechanisms of ZEN using commercial peroxidase(POD)and laccase(LC),with a focus on identifying degradation products and assessing their hepatotoxicity effects.Molecular docking and dynamics simulations elucidated the binding mechanisms between these enzymes and ZEN,revealing strong interactions that facilitate efficient detoxification.Subsequent analysis employing ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-HRMS)successfully identified crucial degradation products.Hepatic toxicity of the enzymatic degradation products was comprehensively assessed in HepaRG liver cells through systematic measurements of cell viability,oxidative stress,apoptosis,mitochondrial membrane potential,and molecular metabolic profiles.Our findings demonstrate that both POD and LC exhibit significant efficacy in mitigating hepatocyte toxicity induced by ZEN,thereby highlighting their potential utility in enhancing food safety.This research provides essential data for safety evaluation regarding enzymatic detoxification of ZEN while offering theoretical and technical resources for risk assessment related to mycotoxin enzymatic detoxification.
基金supported by the Key Project of Natural Science Research for Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province(2024AH051661,2023AH050345)Excellent Scientific Research and Innovation Team of University in Anhui Province(2022AH010029).
文摘As its tuberous alkaloids induce valuable pharmacological effects,Pinellia ternata has considerable clinical value.However,its production currently fails to meet its demand.In vitro microtuber culture,combined with salicylic acid(SA)elicitation,may provide an effective alternative to traditional field production.In this study,an in vitro P.ternata microtuber induction system was developed and used to evaluate SA-induced elicitation of alkaloid accumulation.The quality of in vitro microtubers was assessed by total alkaloid measurement,a cytotoxicity assay,and transcriptomic analysis.With or without SA treatment,P.ternata microtuber induction was achieved within 60 d using petiole-derived explants,with a microtuber proliferation rate of approximately 17 microtubers per explant.The total alkaloid content of in vitro microtubers elicited with 100μM SA was equivalent to that of field-grown tubers,while those not treated with SA contained lower alkaloid content.The cytotoxicity assay showed preliminary cytotoxic effects of SA-treated microtubers against the breast cancer cell line SUM159,comparable to field-grown tubers.Transcriptomic analysis revealed many differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in SA-treated in vitro microtubers.Six and twelve DEGs were annotated to the tropane,piperidine,and pyridine alkaloid pathway and the isoquinoline alkaloid pathway,respectively.RT-qPCR confirmed that the genes encoding spermidine synthase(c64642_g1),hyoscyamine(6S)-dioxygenase(c62620_g1),catechol oxidase(c61704_g3),monoamine oxidase(c65996_g3),and aspartate transaminase(c71069_g1)were significantly induced by SA.This study advances the production of P.ternata microtubers without field cultivation and provides considerable genetic information regarding SA-promoted alkaloid accumulation in P.ternata.
基金supported by the Youth Academic Cadreman Project of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department (No.1152G068)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Provincial (No.B200819)the 41st Science Fund of China Postdoctor (No.20070410268)
文摘The phenol and m-cresol biodegradations were studied using the mutant strain CTM 2 obtained by the He-Ne laser irradiation on wild-type Candida tropicalis. The results showed that C. tropicalis exhibited the increased capacity of phenolic compounds degradation after laser irradiation. It could degrade 2600 mg/L phenol and 300 mg/L m-cresol by 5% inoculum concentration, respectively. In the dual-substrate biodegradation system, 0-500 mg/L phenol could accelerate m-cresol biodegradation, and 300 mg/L m-cresol could be completely utilized within 46 hr at the presence of 350 mg/L phenol. Besides, the maximum biodegradation of m-cresol could reach 350 mg/L with 80 mg/L phenol within 61 hr. Obviously, phenol, as a growth substrate, could promote CTM 2 to degrade m-cresol, and was always preferentially utilized as carbon source. Comparatively, low-concentration m-cresol could result in a great inhibition on phenol degradation. In addition, the kinetic behaviors of cell growth and substrate biodegradation were described by kinetic model proposed in our laboratory.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50334010)the Educational Department of Liaoning Province,China(No.2008535)the Shenyang City Application Basic Research Project,China(No.1071198-1-00)
文摘The machinability tests were conducted by using a YD-21 dynamometer on a CA6161A lathe.The experiments were conducted to determine the effect of free-cutting additives on machining characteristics of austenitic stainless steels.The conventional austenitic stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti（steel A） and the free cutting austenitic stainless steel（steel B） were prepared.The results have shown that machinable inclusions were composed of MnS and CuO,and they might be also Ti4C2S2.The presence of Bi in the inclusion was detected by the atom map and electro-probe microanalysis（EPMA）,which might be one of the most important factors to improve the machinability of austenitic stainless steels.The cutting forces for steel B were lower than those of steel A at various cutting speeds;the abrasion depth of the flank of the tool for steel B was less than that of the steel A under the same cutting conditions.The machinability of austenitic stainless steel was visibly improved by adding free-cutting additives,such as S,Cu and Bi.Ultimate tensile,yield strength,and total elongation values of the free cutting austenitic stainless steel were improved due to the addition of these free-cutting additives.
基金Project supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(20156242,20152033,217100,217101,ZDYF2017011)the Program of State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse(PCRRF17026)
文摘Gd^3+/TiO_(2)and Gd_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2)nanoparticles were prepared by ball milling method.The effects of Gd^3+ion and Gd2O3 on the structure and optical property of TiO2 were studied by XRD and UV-vis DRS.Specific surface area was determined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)method.The morphology and elemental composition were characterized by SEM-EDS.XPS was used to determine the surface compositions and chemical character of elements.The sample sizes and microstructures were observed by TEM.The photocatalytic activities of TiO2 nanoparticles modified with rare earth metal gadolinium(Gd^3+ion or Gd_(2)O_(3))were evaluated by degradation of methylene blue(MB)under UV light.Experimental results indicate that 2,5 mol%Gd^3+/TiO2 shows the best photocatalytic activity compared with Gd2O3/TiO2 and pure TiO2.The existence of gadolinium can exhibit the aggregation and induce lattice distortion of TiO2 obtained from XRD,SEM and TEM results.The band gap energy of 2.5 mol%Gd^3+/TiO2 decreases to3.07 eV and it leads to visible light absorption response which can be seen from UV-vis absorption spectra.The surface area of 2.5 mol%Gd^3+/TiO2 equals to 85.8 m^2/g and average crystal size is 21.1 nm.EDS and XPS analyses reveal that gadolinium can be introduced either into TiO2 lattice or adsorbed on the surface of TiO2.The content of surface OH groups in 2.5 mol%Gd^3+/TiO2 is 50,88%(1.55 times higher than that of pure TiO2)and the content of lattice oxygen decreases to 11.26%.The MB(25 mg/L)degradation reaction rate constants of 2,5 mol%Gd^3+/TiO2,0.5 mol%Gd2O3/TiO2 and pure TiO2 were0.0713,0.0588 and 0.0263 min^-1,respectively.The degradation rates of rhodamine B(30 mg/L)in 60 min are 97,9%,90.1%and 84.6%for 2,5 mol%Gd^3+/TiO2,0.5 mol%Gd2O3/TiO2 and pure TiO2,respectively.
基金the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(Nos.2018YFB0704100 and 2016YFB0701301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51901251 and 51671218)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province China(No.2020JJ5750)。
文摘This study used the pseudo-spinodal mechanism to obtain the ultrafineαphase for designing highstrength titanium alloy.Diffusion multiple experiments were designed to find the composition range of TM-x Mo-y V alloy(TM:Ti-4.5 Al-2 Cr-2.5 Nb-2 Zr-1 Sn)for obtaining ultrafineαphase.CALPHAD results confirm that when the alloy composition is located near the intersection of theαandβphase free energy curves,the alloy will undergo pseudo-spinodal transformation and obtain the ultrafineαphase.The designed TM-6 Mo-3 V alloy has a yield strength of 1411 MPa and an elongation of 6.5%.The strength of the alloy depends on the thickness,fraction of theαphase and the solid solution strengthening effect of the alloying elements.The deformation mechanism of the alloy is the dislocation slip of theαandβphases and the twin deformation of theαphase.The large number ofα/βinterfaces produced by the fineαphase is the main reason for limiting the ductility of the alloy.The use of the pseudo-spinodal mechanism combined with diffusion multiple experiments and CALPHAD is an effective method for designing high-strength titanium alloys.
基金The financial support from Yue Qi Young Scholar Project,China University of Mining and Technology-BeijingChina Scholarship CouncilBGRIMM Technology Group。
文摘Cemented paste backfill(CPB),a mixture of tailings,binder,and water,is widely and extensively used for the recovery of mineral resources,the prevention of ground subsidence,and the management of mine waste.When installed,the CPB is subjected to complex environmental conditions such as water content,temperature,and power,which have a significant impact on its efficiency.Thus,this study conducts a series of laboratory programs,including investigation of moisture,temperature,stress–strain relation,and microstructure to show the effect of curing humidity on the CPB behaviors.The results obtained indicate that ambient humidity can have a dramatic effect on CPB in terms of its macro performance of internal relative humidity,temperature and strength,as well as the micro expression.Typical examples of these effects on CPB include an increase in curing humidity,which favors binder hydration,and then an increase in hydration materials,temperature and peak stress in the CPB.The results obtained will lead to a better understanding of CPB’s responses to various environmental conditions.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a heavy burden in China.Nutritional support for GC patients is closely related to postoperative rehabilitation.However,the role of early oral feeding after laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy in GC patients is unclear and high-quality research evidence is scarce.AIM To prospectively explore the safety,feasibility and short-term clinical outcomes of early oral feeding after laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy for GC patients.METHODS This study was a prospective cohort study conducted between January 2018 and December 2019 based in a high-volume tertiary hospital in China.A total of 206 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy for GC were enrolled.Of which,105 patients were given early oral feeding(EOF group)after surgery,and the other 101 patients were given the traditional feeding strategy(control group)after surgery.Perioperative clinical data were recorded and analyzed.The primary endpoints were gastrointestinal function recovery time and postoperative complications,and the secondary endpoints were postoperative nutritional status,length of hospital stay and expenses,etc.RESULTS Compared with the control group,patients in the EOF group had a significantly shorter postoperative first exhaust time(2.48±1.17 d vs 3.37±1.42 d,P=0.001)and first defecation time(3.83±2.41 d vs 5.32±2.70 d,P=0.004).In addition,the EOF group had a significant shorter postoperative hospitalization duration(5.85±1.53 d vs 7.71±1.56 d,P<0.001)and lower postoperative hospitalization expenses(16.60±5.10 K¥vs 21.00±7.50 K¥,P=0.014).On the 5th day after surgery,serum prealbumin level(214.52±22.47 mg/L vs 204.17±20.62 mg/L,P=0.018),serum gastrin level(246.30±57.10 ng/L vs 223.60±55.70 ng/L,P=0.001)and serum motilin level(424.60±68.30 ng/L vs 409.30±61.70 ng/L,P=0.002)were higher in the EOF group.However,there was no significant difference in the incidence of total postoperative complications between the two groups(P=0.507).CONCLUSION Early oral feeding after laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function,improve postoperative nutritional status,reduce length of hospital stay and expenses while not increasing the incidence of related complications,which indicates its safety,feasibility and potential benefits for gastric cancer patients.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51605276 and51905333)Shanghai Sailing Program(No.19YF1418100)+2 种基金Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Innovation Grant(Nos.17JC1400600 and 17JC1400601)Karamay Science and Technology Major Project(No.2018ZD002B)Aid for Xinjiang Science and Technology Project(No2019E0235)。
文摘Cold metal transfer plus pulse(C+P)arc was applied in the additive manufacturing of 4043 Al alloy parts.Parameters in the manufacturing of the parts were investigated.The properties and microstructure of the parts were also characterized.Experimental results showed that welding at a speed of 8 mm/s and a wire feeding speed of 4.0 m/min was suitable to manufacture thin-walled parts,and the reciprocating scanning method could be adopted to manufacture thick-walled parts.The thin-walled parts of the C+P mode had fewer pores than those of the cold metal transfer(CMT)mode.The thin-and thick-walled parts of the C+P mode showed maximum tensile strengths of 172 and 178 MPa,respectively.Hardness decreased at the interface and in the coarse dendrite and increased in the refined grain area.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61702475,61772493,61902370,62002337)in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0578,cstc2019jcyjjqX0013)+1 种基金in part by the Chinese Academy of Sciences“Light of West China”Program,in part by the Pioneer Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciencesby Technology Innovation and Application Development Project of Chongqing,China(cstc2019jscx-fxydX0027)。
文摘High-dimensional and sparse(HiDS)matrices commonly arise in various industrial applications,e.g.,recommender systems(RSs),social networks,and wireless sensor networks.Since they contain rich information,how to accurately represent them is of great significance.A latent factor(LF)model is one of the most popular and successful ways to address this issue.Current LF models mostly adopt L2-norm-oriented Loss to represent an HiDS matrix,i.e.,they sum the errors between observed data and predicted ones with L2-norm.Yet L2-norm is sensitive to outlier data.Unfortunately,outlier data usually exist in such matrices.For example,an HiDS matrix from RSs commonly contains many outlier ratings due to some heedless/malicious users.To address this issue,this work proposes a smooth L1-norm-oriented latent factor(SL-LF)model.Its main idea is to adopt smooth L1-norm rather than L2-norm to form its Loss,making it have both strong robustness and high accuracy in predicting the missing data of an HiDS matrix.Experimental results on eight HiDS matrices generated by industrial applications verify that the proposed SL-LF model not only is robust to the outlier data but also has significantly higher prediction accuracy than state-of-the-art models when they are used to predict the missing data of HiDS matrices.
