Viruses can infect host plants to cause severe diseases and substantial agricultural loss, while plants have evolved RNA interference （RNAi） strategy to defend against viral infection. Despite enormous efforts, only...Viruses can infect host plants to cause severe diseases and substantial agricultural loss, while plants have evolved RNA interference （RNAi） strategy to defend against viral infection. Despite enormous efforts, only a few host proteins in RNAi pathway were shown to mediate antiviral defense, including RNA-dependent RNA polymerase I （RDRI）, RDR6, DICER-LIKE 2 （DCL2） and DCL4. In this study, we carried out a genetic screen for antiviral factors of RNAi pathway in Arabidopsis rdr6 background via inoculation with a 2b- deficient Cucumber Mosaic Virus （CMV-△2b）. We identified a mutant susceptible to CMV-△2h, referred to as enhancer o ojrdr6 （enor） 3-1 rdr6, and found that ENOR3 encodes a functionally unknown protein with high homology to the mammalian Non Imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman （NIPA） magnesium transporters. ENOR3 inhibits accumulation of CMV-△2b and acts additively with RDR1, RDR6, DCL2 and DCL4 in antivira/ defense. These results uncover that ENOR3 is a key component in antiviral RNAi Dathwav, and provide new insights into antiviral immunity.展开更多
To simulate the firing pattern of biological grid cells,this paper presents an improved computational model of grid cells based on column structure.In this model,the displacement along different directions is processe...To simulate the firing pattern of biological grid cells,this paper presents an improved computational model of grid cells based on column structure.In this model,the displacement along different directions is processed by modulus operation,and the obtained remainder is associated with firing rate of grid cell.Compared with the original model,the improved parts include that:the base of modulus operation is changed,and the firing rate in firing field is encoded by Gaussian-like function.Simulation validates that the firing pattern generated by the improved computational model is more consistent with biological characteristic than original model.Besides,the firing pattern is badly influenced by the cumulative positioning error,but the computational model can also generate the regularly hexagonal firing pattern when the real-time positioning results are modified.展开更多
The nuclear pore complex(NPC),the sole exchange channel between the nucleus and cytoplasm,is composed of several subcomplexes,among which the central barrier determines the permeability/selectivity of the NPC to domin...The nuclear pore complex(NPC),the sole exchange channel between the nucleus and cytoplasm,is composed of several subcomplexes,among which the central barrier determines the permeability/selectivity of the NPC to dominate the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking essential for many important signaling events in yeast and mammals.How plant NPC central barrier controls selective transport is a crucial question remaining to be elucidated.In this study,we uncovered that phase separation of the central barrier is critical for the permeability and selectivity of plant NPC in the regulation of various biotic stresses.Phenotypic assays of nup62 mutants and complementary lines showed that NUP62 positively regulates plant defense against Botrytis cinerea,one of the world’s most disastrous plant pathogens.Furthermore,in vivo imaging and in vitro biochemical evidence revealed that plant NPC central barrier undergoes phase separation to regulate selective nucleocytoplasmic transport of immune regulators,as exemplified by MPK3,essential for plant resistance to B.cinerea.Moreover,genetic analysis demonstrated that NPC phase separation plays an important role in plant defense against fungal and bacterial infection as well as insect attack.These findings reveal that phase separation of the NPC central barrier serves as an important mechanism to mediate nucleocytoplasmic transport of immune regulators and activate plant defense against a broad range of biotic stresses.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31421001 and 31630085)the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFA0500501)
文摘Viruses can infect host plants to cause severe diseases and substantial agricultural loss, while plants have evolved RNA interference （RNAi） strategy to defend against viral infection. Despite enormous efforts, only a few host proteins in RNAi pathway were shown to mediate antiviral defense, including RNA-dependent RNA polymerase I （RDRI）, RDR6, DICER-LIKE 2 （DCL2） and DCL4. In this study, we carried out a genetic screen for antiviral factors of RNAi pathway in Arabidopsis rdr6 background via inoculation with a 2b- deficient Cucumber Mosaic Virus （CMV-△2b）. We identified a mutant susceptible to CMV-△2h, referred to as enhancer o ojrdr6 （enor） 3-1 rdr6, and found that ENOR3 encodes a functionally unknown protein with high homology to the mammalian Non Imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman （NIPA） magnesium transporters. ENOR3 inhibits accumulation of CMV-△2b and acts additively with RDR1, RDR6, DCL2 and DCL4 in antivira/ defense. These results uncover that ENOR3 is a key component in antiviral RNAi Dathwav, and provide new insights into antiviral immunity.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61273048)
文摘To simulate the firing pattern of biological grid cells,this paper presents an improved computational model of grid cells based on column structure.In this model,the displacement along different directions is processed by modulus operation,and the obtained remainder is associated with firing rate of grid cell.Compared with the original model,the improved parts include that:the base of modulus operation is changed,and the firing rate in firing field is encoded by Gaussian-like function.Simulation validates that the firing pattern generated by the improved computational model is more consistent with biological characteristic than original model.Besides,the firing pattern is badly influenced by the cumulative positioning error,but the computational model can also generate the regularly hexagonal firing pattern when the real-time positioning results are modified.
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32250001 and 31830008 to D.X.,32150023 and 32125010 to P.L.,and 31901570 to D.W.)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0508403 to P.L.)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M631447 to J.W.)a postdoctoral fellowship of the Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences.
文摘The nuclear pore complex(NPC),the sole exchange channel between the nucleus and cytoplasm,is composed of several subcomplexes,among which the central barrier determines the permeability/selectivity of the NPC to dominate the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking essential for many important signaling events in yeast and mammals.How plant NPC central barrier controls selective transport is a crucial question remaining to be elucidated.In this study,we uncovered that phase separation of the central barrier is critical for the permeability and selectivity of plant NPC in the regulation of various biotic stresses.Phenotypic assays of nup62 mutants and complementary lines showed that NUP62 positively regulates plant defense against Botrytis cinerea,one of the world’s most disastrous plant pathogens.Furthermore,in vivo imaging and in vitro biochemical evidence revealed that plant NPC central barrier undergoes phase separation to regulate selective nucleocytoplasmic transport of immune regulators,as exemplified by MPK3,essential for plant resistance to B.cinerea.Moreover,genetic analysis demonstrated that NPC phase separation plays an important role in plant defense against fungal and bacterial infection as well as insect attack.These findings reveal that phase separation of the NPC central barrier serves as an important mechanism to mediate nucleocytoplasmic transport of immune regulators and activate plant defense against a broad range of biotic stresses.
