Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract(CAKUT) include a wide range of abnormalities ranging from asymptomatic ectopic kidneys to life threatening renal agenesis(bilateral). Many of them are detected ...Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract(CAKUT) include a wide range of abnormalities ranging from asymptomatic ectopic kidneys to life threatening renal agenesis(bilateral). Many of them are detected in the antenatal or immediate postnatal with a significant proportion identified in the adult population with varying degree of severity. CAKUT can be classified on embryological basis in to abnormalities in the renal parenchymal development, aberrant embryonic migration and abnormalities of the collecting system. Renal parenchymal abnormalities include multi cystic dysplastic kidneys, renal hypoplasia, number(agenesis or supernumerary), shape and cystic renal diseases. Aberrant embryonic migration encompasses abnormal location and fusion anomalies. Collecting system abnormalities include duplex kidneys and Pelvi ureteric junction obstruction. Ultrasonography(US) is typically the first imaging performed as it is easily available, noninvasive and radiation free used both antenatally and postnatally. Computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) are useful to confirm the ultrasound detected abnormality, detection of complex malformations, demonstration of collecting system and vascular anatomy and more importantly for early detection of complications like renal calculi, infection and malignancies. As CAKUT are one of the leading causes of end stage renal disease, it is important for the radiologists to be familiar with the varying imaging appearances of CAKUT on US, CT and MRI, thereby helping in prompt diagnosis and optimal management.展开更多
Nutrient recovery from source-separated human urine has attracted interest as it is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus that can be utilized as fertilizer.However,urine also contains pharmaceuticals,steroid hormones,etc.a...Nutrient recovery from source-separated human urine has attracted interest as it is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus that can be utilized as fertilizer.However,urine also contains pharmaceuticals,steroid hormones,etc.and their removal is crucial as they have detrimental effects on the environment and human health.The current study focuses on investigating the degradation of pharmaceuticals using a double-chamber microbial fuel cell(MFC).Urine was spiked with four pharmaceuticals(trimethoprim,lamivudine,levofloxacin,and estrone)at a concentration of 2 mg/mL.The MFC was operated for 7 months in batch mode with this spiked urine as feed.The degradation efficiency of the MFC was studied,for which a selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometric method was developed for the quantitation of compounds used in the spiking experiments and was validated with a lower limit of quantification of 0.39 ng/mL.The maximum removal rate achieved was 96%±2%.The degradation mechanism involved processes like sorption and anoxic biodegradation.The voltage curve obtained showed that the presence of pharmaceuticals had an initial negative impact on power generation along with increased organic content;however,after the reactor acclimatization,increased power output was achieved with maximum organics removal at 30 h of retention time.This work opens a new perspective for the anoxic biodegradation of pharmaceuticals and can be useful in future bioremediation studies.展开更多
The present note consists, the effects of thermal diffusion and chemical reaction on MHD flow of dusty viscous incom-pressible, electrically conducting fluid between two vertical heated, porous, parallel plates with h...The present note consists, the effects of thermal diffusion and chemical reaction on MHD flow of dusty viscous incom-pressible, electrically conducting fluid between two vertical heated, porous, parallel plates with heat source/sink. The plate temperature is raised linearly with time and concentration level near the plate to Cw. The variable temperature and uniform mass diffusion taking into account the chemical reaction of first order. The series solution method is used to solve the mathematical equations. Effects of various parameters like chemical reaction (K), thermal diffusion (ST) and magnetic field (M) etc. on velocity profile, skin friction, concentration profile and temperature field are displayed graphically and discussed numerically for different physical parameters. The analysis developed here for thermal diffusion, bears good agreement with real life problems.展开更多
Differential and integral equations have a major role in many applied areas of science and engineering,For example,physics,chemistry,astronomy,biology,mechanics,electronic,economics,potential theory,electrostatics.So,...Differential and integral equations have a major role in many applied areas of science and engineering,For example,physics,chemistry,astronomy,biology,mechanics,electronic,economics,potential theory,electrostatics.So,the obtaining of solutions of these equations is important.Since the mentioned equations are usually difficult to solve analytically,numerical methods are required.Therefore,this Special Issue contributes to new numerical methods for solving the above-mentioned equations and thus,many problems in science and engineering can be solved using new numerical methods analyzed in this special issue.展开更多
In this paper,the local fractional natural decomposition method(LFNDM)is used for solving a local fractional Poisson equation.The local fractional Poisson equation plays a significant role in the study of a potential ...In this paper,the local fractional natural decomposition method(LFNDM)is used for solving a local fractional Poisson equation.The local fractional Poisson equation plays a significant role in the study of a potential field due to a fixed electric charge or mass density distribution.Numerical examples with computer simulations are presented in this paper.The obtained results show that LFNDM is effective and convenient for application.展开更多
In this paper, we have considered the generalized bi-axially symmetric SchrSdinger equation ■2φ/■x2 ＋ ■2φ/■y2＋2v/x ■φ/■x＋2μ/y ■φ/■y＋{K2-V（r）}φ=0 ,where μ, v ≥ 0, and rV（r） is an entire function...In this paper, we have considered the generalized bi-axially symmetric SchrSdinger equation ■2φ/■x2 ＋ ■2φ/■y2＋2v/x ■φ/■x＋2μ/y ■φ/■y＋{K2-V（r）}φ=0 ,where μ, v ≥ 0, and rV（r） is an entire function of r=＋（s2＋y2）1/2 corresponding to a scattering potential V（r）. Growth paramet ers of entire function solutions in terms of their expansion coefficients, which are analogous to the formulas for order and type occurring in classical function theory, have been obtained. Our results are applicable for the scattering of particles in quantum mechanics.展开更多
In this paper, the simulation studies of the radiation characteristics of modified dual segment rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DSRDRA) in free space and in presence of bio-medium alongwith the absorbed powe...In this paper, the simulation studies of the radiation characteristics of modified dual segment rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DSRDRA) in free space and in presence of bio-medium alongwith the absorbed power distribution in a homogenous bio-medium (muscle layer) in direct contact with the proposed antenna are reported at different WiMAX band frequencies. The specific absorption rate (SAR) distributions in muscle layer for different antenna-to-muscle layer spacings are also presented at resonant frequency of antenna in WiMAX bands. The results of return loss, input VSWR and radiation characteristics of proposed antenna in bio-medium are also compared with results in free space. The simulation study has been carried out using CST Microwave Studio software.展开更多
In this paper explicit expressions and some recurrence relations are derived for marginal and joint moment generating functions of generalized order statistics from Erlang-truncated exponential distribution. The resul...In this paper explicit expressions and some recurrence relations are derived for marginal and joint moment generating functions of generalized order statistics from Erlang-truncated exponential distribution. The results for k-th record values and order statistics are deduced from the relations derived. Further, a characterizing result of this distribution on using the conditional expectation of function of generalized order statistics is discussed.展开更多
In this paper measurement of real part of permittivity and loss tangent of (1-x) Zn.xMg.TiO3 (ZMT) material in powder form in S-band of microwave frequencies is presented and the associated accuracy estimated. This ap...In this paper measurement of real part of permittivity and loss tangent of (1-x) Zn.xMg.TiO3 (ZMT) material in powder form in S-band of microwave frequencies is presented and the associated accuracy estimated. This approach is based on the measurement of transmitted power from the cavity at and off resonance. Details of the design and fabrication of the rectangular cavity and the input and output coupling are given. The variation of dielectric properties of (1-x) Zn.xMg.TiO3 (ZMT) with x-value and calcination temperature (for x = 0.1) is presented. The effect of doping of V2O5 is also studied. The results of present work may provide useful design guidelines for development of microwave compo-nents including dielectric resonator antennas.展开更多
The paper deals with growth estimates and approximation（not necessarily entire） of solutions of certain elliptic partial differential equations. These solutions are called generalized bi-axially symmetric potentials...The paper deals with growth estimates and approximation（not necessarily entire） of solutions of certain elliptic partial differential equations. These solutions are called generalized bi-axially symmetric potentials（GBASP＇s）. To obtain more refined measure of growth, we have defined q-proximate order and obtained the characterization of generalized q-type and generalized lower q-type with respect to q-proximate order of a GBASP in terms of approximation errors and ratio of these errors in sup norm.展开更多
The macropores of biochar provide a suitable habitat for microbial growth,and its high carbon content serves as an energy source for beneficial microbes.This study evaluated the potential of biochar as a carrier for T...The macropores of biochar provide a suitable habitat for microbial growth,and its high carbon content serves as an energy source for beneficial microbes.This study evaluated the potential of biochar as a carrier for Trichoderma in managing Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in chickpeas.Biochar application reduced plant disease severity by 36.5%and increased plant root mass by 23.3%.For this,three types of biochar,wheat straw,organic kitchen waste,and hardwood were tested with Trichoderma,analyzing such as organic C,total N,P,K,Mg,and Ca;pH,and ash content.Trichoderma populations were monitored with biochar carrier of different mesh sizes(250,150,75,and 45μm)for up to 6 weeks after inoculation.Hardwood biochar at 150μm supported the highest Trichoderma population,reaching 33.5×10~5 CFU·g-1after 6 weeks.Hardwood biochar also achieved the maximum disease suppression compared to other biochar types.This research highlights the dual role of biochar in enhancing plant growth and controlling disease,contributing to the standardization of biochar use in agricultural practices.展开更多
The power generalized Weibull distribution has been proposed recently by[24]as an alternative to the gamma,Weibull and the exponentiated Weibull distributions.The power generalized Weibull family is suitable for model...The power generalized Weibull distribution has been proposed recently by[24]as an alternative to the gamma,Weibull and the exponentiated Weibull distributions.The power generalized Weibull family is suitable for modeling data that indicate nonmonotone hazard rates and can be used in survival analysis and reliability studies.Usefulness andflexibility of the family are illustrated by reanalyzing Efron’s data pertaining to a head-and-neck cancer clinical trial.These data involve censoring and indicate unimodal hazard rate.For this distribution,some recurrence relations are established for the single and product moments of upper record values.Further,using these relations,we have obtained means,variances and covariances of upper record values from samples of sizes up to 10 for various values of the parameters and present them infigures.Real data set is analyzed to illustrate theflexibility and importance of the model.展开更多
In this paper,we analyze the dynamical behavior of fish farm model related to Atangana-Baleanu derivative of arbitrary order.The rnodel is constituted with the group of non-linear differential equations having nutrien...In this paper,we analyze the dynamical behavior of fish farm model related to Atangana-Baleanu derivative of arbitrary order.The rnodel is constituted with the group of non-linear differential equations having nutrients,fish and mussel.We have included discrete kind gestational delay of fish.The solution of fish farm model is determined by employing homotopy analysis transforms method(HATM).Existence of and uniqueness of solution are studied through Picard-Lindelof approach.The influence of order of new non-integer order derivative on nutrients,fish and mussel is discussed.The complete study reveals that the outer food supplies manage the behavior of the model.Moreover,to show the outcomes of the study,some numerical results are demonstrated through graphs.展开更多
This article is devoted to a newly introduced numerical method for time-fractional dispersive partial differential equation in a multidimensional space.The time-fractional dispersive partial differential equation play...This article is devoted to a newly introduced numerical method for time-fractional dispersive partial differential equation in a multidimensional space.The time-fractional dispersive partial differential equation plays a great role in solving the problems arising in ocean science and engineering.The numerical technique comprises of Sumudu transform,homotopy perturbation scheme and He’s polynomial,namely homotopy perturbation Sumudu transform method(HPSTM)is efficiently used to examine time-fractional dispersive partial differential equation of third order in multi-dimensional space.The approximate analytic solution of the time-fractional dispersive partial differential equation of third-order in multi-dimensional space obtained by HPSTM is compared with exact solution as well as the solution obtained by using Adomain decomposition method.The results derived with the aid of two techniques are in a good agreement and consequently these techniques may be considered as an alternative and efficient approach for solving fractional partial differential equations.Several test problems are experimented to confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methods.展开更多
Well-defined fluoropolymers exhibit unique properties such as excellent oil and water repellency,satisfactory thermal stability,a low refractive index,and low surface energy.The origin of these properties is attribute...Well-defined fluoropolymers exhibit unique properties such as excellent oil and water repellency,satisfactory thermal stability,a low refractive index,and low surface energy.The origin of these properties is attributed to the presence of a strong electronegative and low polarizable fluorine atom in the backbone of such polymers,which leads to a strong C−F bond(with a high bond dissociation energy of 485 kJ mol−1).Because of these features,these polymers have found applications as functional coatings,thermoplastics,biomedical items,separators,and binders for Li ion batteries,fuel cell membranes,piezoelectric devices,high-quality wires and cables,and so forth.Usually,fluoropolymers are synthesized by the conventional radical(co)polymerization of fluoroalkenes,which leads to the production of(co)polymers with an ill-defined end group,uncontrolled molar mass,and high dispersity values.In the last two decades,significant developments of various reversible deactivation radical polymerization(RDRP)techniques have helped the design of macromolecular architectures(including block,graft,star,and dendrimers)on demand.However,for relevant new applications,well-defined fluoropolymers with controlled macromolecular architectures(e.g.,block copolymers as thermoplastic elastomers and electroactive polymers or graft copolymers for fuel cell membranes)are required.Several RDRP methods,developed in the last two decades,have paved the way for the synthesis of(co)polymers with well-defined molar mass,dispersity,chain end-functionality,and macromolecular architectures.Some of these RDRP techniques have been successfully employed for the synthesis of well-defined fluorinated copolymers.These techniques include iodine-transfer polymerization(ITP),reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer(RAFT)polymerization,organometallic-mediated radical polymerization(OMRP),and,to a lesser extent,nitroxide-mediated polymerization(NMP).Impressive control of the molar mass parameters of the fluoropolymers synthesized via these techniques also encouraged the researchers to combine these techniques with other postpolymerization strategies,leading to innovative novel polymeric materials.Thus,synthesized well-defined fluoropolymers exhibited a unique combination of properties(such as excellent weather resistance,high thermal/chemical/aging resistance,morphological versatility,and a low dielectric constant/flammability/refractive index).These led to the application of such developed materials in various high-technology applications such as high-performance elastomers,coatings for marine antifouling applications,fluorinated surfactants,fuel cell membranes,and gel polymer electrolytes for Li ion batteries.Newer advances in the field of polymer synthesis techniques are the need of the hour in order to synthesize more advanced fluorinated materials which may change the use of such polymers in engineering and biomedical fields in the current century.However,it should be kept in mind that success in this regard shall heavily depend on a deeper understanding of the polymerization process and structure−activity relationships.展开更多
In this paper, a mathematical model for steady blood flow through blood vessels with uniform cross-section in stenoses arteries has been proposed. Blood is assumed to be non- Newtonian, incompressible and homogeneous ...In this paper, a mathematical model for steady blood flow through blood vessels with uniform cross-section in stenoses arteries has been proposed. Blood is assumed to be non- Newtonian, incompressible and homogeneous fluid. Blood in human artery is represented as Bingham plastic fluid. Expressions for flow rate, wall shear stress, and resistance to flow against stenoses size have been obtained. Obtained results indicate that stenoses size decreases the flow rate and increases the wall shear stress as well as resistance to flow.展开更多
Approximate analytical solution of the system of coupled nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) of a biochemical reaction model is much relevant due to its practical significance to biochemists.In this paper...Approximate analytical solution of the system of coupled nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) of a biochemical reaction model is much relevant due to its practical significance to biochemists.In this paper,an effective and powerful mathematical technique,viz.fractional homotopy analysis transform method (FHATM),is employed to get the numerical solutions of biochemical reaction model with time fractional derivatives.The adopted scheme is the beautiful copulation of homotopy analysis technique and Laplace transform algorithm.This paper shows that the adopted scheme is quite easy as well as computationally attractive in the context of a solution procedure.The Caputo-type fractional derivatives are considered in the present paper.Approximate results of the probability density functions of the time fractional biochemical reaction model are computed for miscellaneous fractional Brownian motions as well as for classical motion and are presented graphically.The time fractional biochemical reaction model with respect to stability analysis for various values of fractional order q is also analyzed.In the context of stability discussion,we have used the fractional Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion to establish the local stability of the biochemical reaction model of fractional order.展开更多
Based on lower record values,we first derive the exact explicit expressions as well as recurrence relations for the single and product moments of record values and then use these results to compute the means,variances...Based on lower record values,we first derive the exact explicit expressions as well as recurrence relations for the single and product moments of record values and then use these results to compute the means,variances and coefficient of skewness and kurtosis of exponentiated moment exponential distribution(EMED),a new extension of moment exponential distribution,recently introduced by Hasnain(Exponentiated moment exponential distribution.Ph.D.Thesis,2013).Next we obtain the maximum likelihood estimators of the unknown parameters and the approximate confidence intervals of the EMED.Finally,we consider Bayes estimation under the symmetric and asymmetric loss functions using gamma priors for both shape and scale parameters.We have also derived the Bayes interval of this distribution and discussed both frequentist and the Bayesian prediction intervals of the future record values based on the observed record values.Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare the performances of the proposed methods,and a data set has been analyzed for illustrative purposes.展开更多
T'his research paper implements the fractional homotopy analysis transform technique to compute the approximate analytical solution of the nonlinear three-species food chain model with time-fractional derivatives....T'his research paper implements the fractional homotopy analysis transform technique to compute the approximate analytical solution of the nonlinear three-species food chain model with time-fractional derivatives.The offered technique is a fantastic blend of homotopy analysis method(HAM)and Laplace transform(LT)operator and has been used fruitfully in the numerical computation of various fractional differential equations(FDEs).This paper involves the fractional derivatives of Caputo style.The numerical solutions of this selected fractional-order food chain model are evaluated by making use of the associated initial conditions.It is revealed by the adopting procedure that the more desirable estimation of the solution can be easily acquired through the calculation of some number of iteration terms only-a fact which authenticates the easiness and soundness of the suggested hybrid scherne.The variations of fractional order of time derivative on the solutions for different specific cases have been depicted through graphical presentations.The outcomes demonstrated through the graphs expound that the adopted scheme is very fantastic and accurate.展开更多
A numerical method based on finite difference method with variable mesh is given for self-adjoint singularly perturbed two-point boundary value problems. To obtain parameter- uniform convergence, a variable mesh is co...A numerical method based on finite difference method with variable mesh is given for self-adjoint singularly perturbed two-point boundary value problems. To obtain parameter- uniform convergence, a variable mesh is constructed, which is dense in the boundary layer region and coarse in the outer region. The uniform convergence analysis of the method is discussed. The original problem is reduced to its normal form and the reduced problem is solved by finite difference method taking variable mesh. To support the efficiency of the method, several numerical examples have been considered.展开更多
文摘Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract(CAKUT) include a wide range of abnormalities ranging from asymptomatic ectopic kidneys to life threatening renal agenesis(bilateral). Many of them are detected in the antenatal or immediate postnatal with a significant proportion identified in the adult population with varying degree of severity. CAKUT can be classified on embryological basis in to abnormalities in the renal parenchymal development, aberrant embryonic migration and abnormalities of the collecting system. Renal parenchymal abnormalities include multi cystic dysplastic kidneys, renal hypoplasia, number(agenesis or supernumerary), shape and cystic renal diseases. Aberrant embryonic migration encompasses abnormal location and fusion anomalies. Collecting system abnormalities include duplex kidneys and Pelvi ureteric junction obstruction. Ultrasonography(US) is typically the first imaging performed as it is easily available, noninvasive and radiation free used both antenatally and postnatally. Computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) are useful to confirm the ultrasound detected abnormality, detection of complex malformations, demonstration of collecting system and vascular anatomy and more importantly for early detection of complications like renal calculi, infection and malignancies. As CAKUT are one of the leading causes of end stage renal disease, it is important for the radiologists to be familiar with the varying imaging appearances of CAKUT on US, CT and MRI, thereby helping in prompt diagnosis and optimal management.
文摘Nutrient recovery from source-separated human urine has attracted interest as it is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus that can be utilized as fertilizer.However,urine also contains pharmaceuticals,steroid hormones,etc.and their removal is crucial as they have detrimental effects on the environment and human health.The current study focuses on investigating the degradation of pharmaceuticals using a double-chamber microbial fuel cell(MFC).Urine was spiked with four pharmaceuticals(trimethoprim,lamivudine,levofloxacin,and estrone)at a concentration of 2 mg/mL.The MFC was operated for 7 months in batch mode with this spiked urine as feed.The degradation efficiency of the MFC was studied,for which a selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometric method was developed for the quantitation of compounds used in the spiking experiments and was validated with a lower limit of quantification of 0.39 ng/mL.The maximum removal rate achieved was 96%±2%.The degradation mechanism involved processes like sorption and anoxic biodegradation.The voltage curve obtained showed that the presence of pharmaceuticals had an initial negative impact on power generation along with increased organic content;however,after the reactor acclimatization,increased power output was achieved with maximum organics removal at 30 h of retention time.This work opens a new perspective for the anoxic biodegradation of pharmaceuticals and can be useful in future bioremediation studies.
文摘The present note consists, the effects of thermal diffusion and chemical reaction on MHD flow of dusty viscous incom-pressible, electrically conducting fluid between two vertical heated, porous, parallel plates with heat source/sink. The plate temperature is raised linearly with time and concentration level near the plate to Cw. The variable temperature and uniform mass diffusion taking into account the chemical reaction of first order. The series solution method is used to solve the mathematical equations. Effects of various parameters like chemical reaction (K), thermal diffusion (ST) and magnetic field (M) etc. on velocity profile, skin friction, concentration profile and temperature field are displayed graphically and discussed numerically for different physical parameters. The analysis developed here for thermal diffusion, bears good agreement with real life problems.
文摘Differential and integral equations have a major role in many applied areas of science and engineering,For example,physics,chemistry,astronomy,biology,mechanics,electronic,economics,potential theory,electrostatics.So,the obtaining of solutions of these equations is important.Since the mentioned equations are usually difficult to solve analytically,numerical methods are required.Therefore,this Special Issue contributes to new numerical methods for solving the above-mentioned equations and thus,many problems in science and engineering can be solved using new numerical methods analyzed in this special issue.
文摘In this paper,the local fractional natural decomposition method(LFNDM)is used for solving a local fractional Poisson equation.The local fractional Poisson equation plays a significant role in the study of a potential field due to a fixed electric charge or mass density distribution.Numerical examples with computer simulations are presented in this paper.The obtained results show that LFNDM is effective and convenient for application.
文摘In this paper, we have considered the generalized bi-axially symmetric SchrSdinger equation ■2φ/■x2 ＋ ■2φ/■y2＋2v/x ■φ/■x＋2μ/y ■φ/■y＋{K2-V（r）}φ=0 ,where μ, v ≥ 0, and rV（r） is an entire function of r=＋（s2＋y2）1/2 corresponding to a scattering potential V（r）. Growth paramet ers of entire function solutions in terms of their expansion coefficients, which are analogous to the formulas for order and type occurring in classical function theory, have been obtained. Our results are applicable for the scattering of particles in quantum mechanics.
文摘In this paper, the simulation studies of the radiation characteristics of modified dual segment rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DSRDRA) in free space and in presence of bio-medium alongwith the absorbed power distribution in a homogenous bio-medium (muscle layer) in direct contact with the proposed antenna are reported at different WiMAX band frequencies. The specific absorption rate (SAR) distributions in muscle layer for different antenna-to-muscle layer spacings are also presented at resonant frequency of antenna in WiMAX bands. The results of return loss, input VSWR and radiation characteristics of proposed antenna in bio-medium are also compared with results in free space. The simulation study has been carried out using CST Microwave Studio software.
文摘In this paper explicit expressions and some recurrence relations are derived for marginal and joint moment generating functions of generalized order statistics from Erlang-truncated exponential distribution. The results for k-th record values and order statistics are deduced from the relations derived. Further, a characterizing result of this distribution on using the conditional expectation of function of generalized order statistics is discussed.
文摘In this paper measurement of real part of permittivity and loss tangent of (1-x) Zn.xMg.TiO3 (ZMT) material in powder form in S-band of microwave frequencies is presented and the associated accuracy estimated. This approach is based on the measurement of transmitted power from the cavity at and off resonance. Details of the design and fabrication of the rectangular cavity and the input and output coupling are given. The variation of dielectric properties of (1-x) Zn.xMg.TiO3 (ZMT) with x-value and calcination temperature (for x = 0.1) is presented. The effect of doping of V2O5 is also studied. The results of present work may provide useful design guidelines for development of microwave compo-nents including dielectric resonator antennas.
文摘The paper deals with growth estimates and approximation（not necessarily entire） of solutions of certain elliptic partial differential equations. These solutions are called generalized bi-axially symmetric potentials（GBASP＇s）. To obtain more refined measure of growth, we have defined q-proximate order and obtained the characterization of generalized q-type and generalized lower q-type with respect to q-proximate order of a GBASP in terms of approximation errors and ratio of these errors in sup norm.
文摘The macropores of biochar provide a suitable habitat for microbial growth,and its high carbon content serves as an energy source for beneficial microbes.This study evaluated the potential of biochar as a carrier for Trichoderma in managing Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in chickpeas.Biochar application reduced plant disease severity by 36.5%and increased plant root mass by 23.3%.For this,three types of biochar,wheat straw,organic kitchen waste,and hardwood were tested with Trichoderma,analyzing such as organic C,total N,P,K,Mg,and Ca;pH,and ash content.Trichoderma populations were monitored with biochar carrier of different mesh sizes(250,150,75,and 45μm)for up to 6 weeks after inoculation.Hardwood biochar at 150μm supported the highest Trichoderma population,reaching 33.5×10~5 CFU·g-1after 6 weeks.Hardwood biochar also achieved the maximum disease suppression compared to other biochar types.This research highlights the dual role of biochar in enhancing plant growth and controlling disease,contributing to the standardization of biochar use in agricultural practices.
文摘The power generalized Weibull distribution has been proposed recently by[24]as an alternative to the gamma,Weibull and the exponentiated Weibull distributions.The power generalized Weibull family is suitable for modeling data that indicate nonmonotone hazard rates and can be used in survival analysis and reliability studies.Usefulness andflexibility of the family are illustrated by reanalyzing Efron’s data pertaining to a head-and-neck cancer clinical trial.These data involve censoring and indicate unimodal hazard rate.For this distribution,some recurrence relations are established for the single and product moments of upper record values.Further,using these relations,we have obtained means,variances and covariances of upper record values from samples of sizes up to 10 for various values of the parameters and present them infigures.Real data set is analyzed to illustrate theflexibility and importance of the model.
文摘In this paper,we analyze the dynamical behavior of fish farm model related to Atangana-Baleanu derivative of arbitrary order.The rnodel is constituted with the group of non-linear differential equations having nutrients,fish and mussel.We have included discrete kind gestational delay of fish.The solution of fish farm model is determined by employing homotopy analysis transforms method(HATM).Existence of and uniqueness of solution are studied through Picard-Lindelof approach.The influence of order of new non-integer order derivative on nutrients,fish and mussel is discussed.The complete study reveals that the outer food supplies manage the behavior of the model.Moreover,to show the outcomes of the study,some numerical results are demonstrated through graphs.
文摘This article is devoted to a newly introduced numerical method for time-fractional dispersive partial differential equation in a multidimensional space.The time-fractional dispersive partial differential equation plays a great role in solving the problems arising in ocean science and engineering.The numerical technique comprises of Sumudu transform,homotopy perturbation scheme and He’s polynomial,namely homotopy perturbation Sumudu transform method(HPSTM)is efficiently used to examine time-fractional dispersive partial differential equation of third order in multi-dimensional space.The approximate analytic solution of the time-fractional dispersive partial differential equation of third-order in multi-dimensional space obtained by HPSTM is compared with exact solution as well as the solution obtained by using Adomain decomposition method.The results derived with the aid of two techniques are in a good agreement and consequently these techniques may be considered as an alternative and efficient approach for solving fractional partial differential equations.Several test problems are experimented to confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methods.
基金support from CNRS,the French National Agency(ANR FLUPOL project),and other companies is greatly appreciated.S.D.and D.K.thank SERB,Government of India and CSIR,Government of India for their fellowships,respectivelysupported by grants from SERB,India:the Ramanujan Fellowship Award(SB/S2/RJN-113/2016)and an early career research award(ECR/2018/001990)supported in part by a research initiation grant from IIT Bhilai.The French Fluorine Network(GIS)is also acknowledged.
文摘Well-defined fluoropolymers exhibit unique properties such as excellent oil and water repellency,satisfactory thermal stability,a low refractive index,and low surface energy.The origin of these properties is attributed to the presence of a strong electronegative and low polarizable fluorine atom in the backbone of such polymers,which leads to a strong C−F bond(with a high bond dissociation energy of 485 kJ mol−1).Because of these features,these polymers have found applications as functional coatings,thermoplastics,biomedical items,separators,and binders for Li ion batteries,fuel cell membranes,piezoelectric devices,high-quality wires and cables,and so forth.Usually,fluoropolymers are synthesized by the conventional radical(co)polymerization of fluoroalkenes,which leads to the production of(co)polymers with an ill-defined end group,uncontrolled molar mass,and high dispersity values.In the last two decades,significant developments of various reversible deactivation radical polymerization(RDRP)techniques have helped the design of macromolecular architectures(including block,graft,star,and dendrimers)on demand.However,for relevant new applications,well-defined fluoropolymers with controlled macromolecular architectures(e.g.,block copolymers as thermoplastic elastomers and electroactive polymers or graft copolymers for fuel cell membranes)are required.Several RDRP methods,developed in the last two decades,have paved the way for the synthesis of(co)polymers with well-defined molar mass,dispersity,chain end-functionality,and macromolecular architectures.Some of these RDRP techniques have been successfully employed for the synthesis of well-defined fluorinated copolymers.These techniques include iodine-transfer polymerization(ITP),reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer(RAFT)polymerization,organometallic-mediated radical polymerization(OMRP),and,to a lesser extent,nitroxide-mediated polymerization(NMP).Impressive control of the molar mass parameters of the fluoropolymers synthesized via these techniques also encouraged the researchers to combine these techniques with other postpolymerization strategies,leading to innovative novel polymeric materials.Thus,synthesized well-defined fluoropolymers exhibited a unique combination of properties(such as excellent weather resistance,high thermal/chemical/aging resistance,morphological versatility,and a low dielectric constant/flammability/refractive index).These led to the application of such developed materials in various high-technology applications such as high-performance elastomers,coatings for marine antifouling applications,fluorinated surfactants,fuel cell membranes,and gel polymer electrolytes for Li ion batteries.Newer advances in the field of polymer synthesis techniques are the need of the hour in order to synthesize more advanced fluorinated materials which may change the use of such polymers in engineering and biomedical fields in the current century.However,it should be kept in mind that success in this regard shall heavily depend on a deeper understanding of the polymerization process and structure−activity relationships.
文摘In this paper, a mathematical model for steady blood flow through blood vessels with uniform cross-section in stenoses arteries has been proposed. Blood is assumed to be non- Newtonian, incompressible and homogeneous fluid. Blood in human artery is represented as Bingham plastic fluid. Expressions for flow rate, wall shear stress, and resistance to flow against stenoses size have been obtained. Obtained results indicate that stenoses size decreases the flow rate and increases the wall shear stress as well as resistance to flow.
文摘Approximate analytical solution of the system of coupled nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) of a biochemical reaction model is much relevant due to its practical significance to biochemists.In this paper,an effective and powerful mathematical technique,viz.fractional homotopy analysis transform method (FHATM),is employed to get the numerical solutions of biochemical reaction model with time fractional derivatives.The adopted scheme is the beautiful copulation of homotopy analysis technique and Laplace transform algorithm.This paper shows that the adopted scheme is quite easy as well as computationally attractive in the context of a solution procedure.The Caputo-type fractional derivatives are considered in the present paper.Approximate results of the probability density functions of the time fractional biochemical reaction model are computed for miscellaneous fractional Brownian motions as well as for classical motion and are presented graphically.The time fractional biochemical reaction model with respect to stability analysis for various values of fractional order q is also analyzed.In the context of stability discussion,we have used the fractional Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion to establish the local stability of the biochemical reaction model of fractional order.
文摘Based on lower record values,we first derive the exact explicit expressions as well as recurrence relations for the single and product moments of record values and then use these results to compute the means,variances and coefficient of skewness and kurtosis of exponentiated moment exponential distribution(EMED),a new extension of moment exponential distribution,recently introduced by Hasnain(Exponentiated moment exponential distribution.Ph.D.Thesis,2013).Next we obtain the maximum likelihood estimators of the unknown parameters and the approximate confidence intervals of the EMED.Finally,we consider Bayes estimation under the symmetric and asymmetric loss functions using gamma priors for both shape and scale parameters.We have also derived the Bayes interval of this distribution and discussed both frequentist and the Bayesian prediction intervals of the future record values based on the observed record values.Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare the performances of the proposed methods,and a data set has been analyzed for illustrative purposes.
文摘T'his research paper implements the fractional homotopy analysis transform technique to compute the approximate analytical solution of the nonlinear three-species food chain model with time-fractional derivatives.The offered technique is a fantastic blend of homotopy analysis method(HAM)and Laplace transform(LT)operator and has been used fruitfully in the numerical computation of various fractional differential equations(FDEs).This paper involves the fractional derivatives of Caputo style.The numerical solutions of this selected fractional-order food chain model are evaluated by making use of the associated initial conditions.It is revealed by the adopting procedure that the more desirable estimation of the solution can be easily acquired through the calculation of some number of iteration terms only-a fact which authenticates the easiness and soundness of the suggested hybrid scherne.The variations of fractional order of time derivative on the solutions for different specific cases have been depicted through graphical presentations.The outcomes demonstrated through the graphs expound that the adopted scheme is very fantastic and accurate.
文摘A numerical method based on finite difference method with variable mesh is given for self-adjoint singularly perturbed two-point boundary value problems. To obtain parameter- uniform convergence, a variable mesh is constructed, which is dense in the boundary layer region and coarse in the outer region. The uniform convergence analysis of the method is discussed. The original problem is reduced to its normal form and the reduced problem is solved by finite difference method taking variable mesh. To support the efficiency of the method, several numerical examples have been considered.
