Zhongshuang 11(ZS11) is an elite inbred rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) cultivar widely planted in the Yangtze River basin for its favorable characteristics including high seed oil content(SOC), low seed glucosinolate con...Zhongshuang 11(ZS11) is an elite inbred rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) cultivar widely planted in the Yangtze River basin for its favorable characteristics including high seed oil content(SOC), low seed glucosinolate content(SGC), long siliques, and stable yield. To transfer the ideal traits from ZS11 into 195-14 A, a Polima(pol)-type cytoplasmic male sterile line with high general combining ability, a doubled haploid population derived from the cross of ZS11 and 195-14 A was developed. Based on this population,a high-density genetic linkage map covering 2553 c M with an average marker interval of 0.81 c M, was constructed using the Brassica 60 K SNP array and simple sequence repeats. In seven environments, 64,29, 35, 37, and 33 QTL were identified for silique length, seeds per silique, seed density per silique,SOC, and SGC, respectively. Most favorable alleles were from ZS11. Seventy-one consensus QTL were identified by a QTL meta-analysis, eight of which(cqSL–A9–2, cqSL–C7, cqSGC–C2, cqSOC–A5–2, cqSOC–A5–3, cqSPS–A6–2, cqSPS–A7–2, and cqSDPS–A9–2) were assigned as major QTL. Comparative genomics and expression analysis predicted 72 candidate genes underlying the 21 consensus QTL for the five traits.These findings suggest the genetic basis of the superior performance of ZS11 and suggest favorable alleles for development of cultivars with improved yield and quality. These results will assist in cloning these promising alleles in the future.展开更多
Clubroot and herbicide resistance,high oleic acid(OA)content,and early maturity are targets of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)breeding.The objective of this study was to develop new male-fertility restorer lines by pyrami...Clubroot and herbicide resistance,high oleic acid(OA)content,and early maturity are targets of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)breeding.The objective of this study was to develop new male-fertility restorer lines by pyramiding favorable genes to improve these traits simultaneously.Seven elite alleles for the four traits were introduced into the restorer line 621R by speed breeding with marker-assisted and phenotypic selection.Six introgression lines(ILs)were developed with four-to seven-gene combinations and crossed with two elite parents to develop hybrids.All ILs and their corresponding hybrids displayed high resistance to both clubroot pathotype 4 and sulfonylurea herbicides.Three ILs and their hybrids showed large increases in OA contents and four showed earlier maturity.These new ILs may be useful in rapeseed hybrid breeding for the target traits.展开更多
Brassica napus(B.napus)is a globally significant oilseed crop,making a substantial contribution to both human oil and livestock feed production.Enhancing seed weight is crucial for improving rapeseed yield;however,onl...Brassica napus(B.napus)is a globally significant oilseed crop,making a substantial contribution to both human oil and livestock feed production.Enhancing seed weight is crucial for improving rapeseed yield;however,only a limited number of seed weight-related genes have been functionally validated in B.napus thus far.UBIQUITINSPECIFIC PROTEASE 15(UBP15)belongs to the ubiquitin protease pathway and plays a maternal role in prolonging seed development in Arabidopsis.The potential utilization of UBP15 for enhancing seed yield in B.napus has remained unexplored until now.In this study,we identified the orthologs of UBP15 in B.napus and investigated its functionality using the CRISPR-Cas9 system.We generated mutant plants with multiple editing types targeting Bnaubp15s and successfully isolated T-DNA-free homozygous mutant lines that exhibited edits across four homologs of BnaUBP15 in T2 generation plants.Our preliminary data demonstrated that mutation of BnaUBP15s significantly reduced seed size,seed weight,and plant height while noticeably increasing the number of primary branches.These findings not only provide crucial evidence for further elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of seed weight and size by BnaUBP15s but also offer promising novel germplasm for enhancing plant architecture.展开更多
Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)exhibits high-sulfur requirements to achieve optimal growth,development,and pathogen resistance.Despite the importance of sulfur,the mechanisms regulating its metabolism and disease resistan...Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)exhibits high-sulfur requirements to achieve optimal growth,development,and pathogen resistance.Despite the importance of sulfur,the mechanisms regulating its metabolism and disease resistance are not fully understood.In this study,we found that the zinc finger transcription factors BnaSTOP2s play a pivotal role in sulfur metabolism and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance.Our findings indicate that BnaSTOP2s are involved in sulfur metabolism,as evidenced by extensive protein interaction screening.BnaSTOP2s knockout reduced the content of essential sulfurcontaining metabolites,including glucosinolate and glutathione,which is consistent with the significantly lowered transcriptional levels of BnaMYB28s and BnaGTR2s,key factors involved in glucosinolate synthesis and transportation,respectively.Comprehensive RNA-seq analysis revealed the substantial effect of BnaSTOP2s on sulfur metabolism from roots to siliques,which serve as pivotal sources and sinks for sulfur metabolism,respectively.Furthermore,we found that leaf lesion size significantly decreased and increased in the BnaSTOP2-OE and Bnastop2 mutants,respectively,compared with the wild-type during S.sclerotiorum infection,suggesting a vital role of BnaSTOP2s in plant defense response.In conclusion,BnaSTOP2s act as global regulators of sulfur metabolism and confer resistance to S.sclerotiorum infection in B.napus.Thus,they have potential implications for improving crop resilience.展开更多
Varieties with a semi-dwarf compact plant architecture may increase yield per unit area in rapeseed(Brassica napus)by allowing high-density cultivation and mechanical harvesting while conferring lodging resistance.Mut...Varieties with a semi-dwarf compact plant architecture may increase yield per unit area in rapeseed(Brassica napus)by allowing high-density cultivation and mechanical harvesting while conferring lodging resistance.Mutation of ERECTA(ER),which encodes a receptor-like protein kinase,generates a compact and upright plant architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana;however,there have been no reports on the roles of the ER family(ERf)in B.napus.In this study,we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate mutants in each of the two homoeologs of B.napus ERf members BnaER and ER-Like 1(BnaERL1),and in the single BnaERL2 gene,resulting in the homozygous mutants BnaA09.er/BnaC08.er,BnaA06.erl1/BnaC03.erl1,and BnaA10.erl2.Under greenhouse conditions,BnaA09.er/BnaC08.er plants were shorter than the wild type,with a compact inflorescence and shorter siliques.In addition,BnaA09.er/BnaC08.er plants produced significantly more branches and total siliques than the wild type,with no significant changes in the number of ovules per silique or thousand-seed weight.Under field conditions,the BnaA09.er/BnaC08.er mutant plant showed a phenotype comparable to that under greenhouse conditions,but with a notable drop in thousand-seed weight.These results indicate that the BnaA09.er/BnaC08.er mutant offers a valuable germplasm resource for breeding rapeseed with ideal plant architecture.展开更多
Brassica napus,commonly known as rapeseed or canola,is a major oil crop contributing over 13%to the stable supply of edible vegetable oil worldwide.Identification and understanding the gene functions in the B.napus ge...Brassica napus,commonly known as rapeseed or canola,is a major oil crop contributing over 13%to the stable supply of edible vegetable oil worldwide.Identification and understanding the gene functions in the B.napus genome is crucial for genomic breeding.A group of genes controlling agronomic traits have been successfully cloned through functional genomics studies in B.napus.In this review,we present an overview of the progress made in the functional genomics of B.napus,including the availability of germplasm resources,omics databases and cloned functional genes.Based on the current progress,we also highlight the main challenges and perspectives in this field.The advances in the functional genomics of B.napus contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis underlying the complex agronomic traits in B.napus and will expedite the breeding of high quality,high resistance and high yield in B.napus varieties.展开更多
Dear Editor,Rapeseed （Brassica napus） was formed on the Mediterranean coast approximately 7500 years ago （Chalhoub et al., 2014）. Natural variations and artificial selections in flowering time have greatly promote...Dear Editor,Rapeseed （Brassica napus） was formed on the Mediterranean coast approximately 7500 years ago （Chalhoub et al., 2014）. Natural variations and artificial selections in flowering time have greatly promoted its spread to subtropical and temperate regions, making B. napus a major source of both vegetable oil and animal feed worldwide. Many studies have been conducted over the past two decades toward understanding the genetic architecture of flowering time in B. napus. However, largely restricted by the complicated allotetraploid genome, molecular basis of flowering time variation remains poorly understood in rapeseed.展开更多
Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)is one of the major global sources of edible vegetable oil and is also used as a feed and pioneer crop and for sightseeing and industrial purposes.Improvements in genome sequencing and molec...Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)is one of the major global sources of edible vegetable oil and is also used as a feed and pioneer crop and for sightseeing and industrial purposes.Improvements in genome sequencing and molecular marker technology have fueled a boom in functional genomic studies of major agronomic characters such as yield,quality,flowering time,and stress resistance.Moreover,introgression and pyra-miding of key functional genes have greatly accelerated the genetic improvement of important traits.Here we summarize recent progress in rapeseed genomics and genetics,and we discuss effective molecular breeding strategies by exploring thesefindings in rapeseed.These insights will extend our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying agronomic traits and facilitate the breeding process,ultimately contributing to more sustainable agriculture throughout the world.展开更多
Dear Editor,Rapeseed(Brassica napus)provides quality edible plant oil and industrial raw materials,as well as protein-rich animal feed;however,molecular characterization of functional genes in rapeseed remains challen...Dear Editor,Rapeseed(Brassica napus)provides quality edible plant oil and industrial raw materials,as well as protein-rich animal feed;however,molecular characterization of functional genes in rapeseed remains challenging,largely owing to its complex polyploid genome,relatively long generation time,and environmentally sensitive traits.To accelerate functional genomics research on rapeseed,especially in an artificially controlled,stable environment like that of comprehensive speed breeding(CSB;Song et al.,2022),we screened out the representative B.napus accession Xiaoyun(小芸),with a rapid cycling time and scaleddown but normal plant architecture.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0101702)Key Projects in Shanghai Agricultural Science (2014, No. 7-1-1)partly supported by the Open Funds of the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (ZK201909)。
文摘Zhongshuang 11(ZS11) is an elite inbred rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) cultivar widely planted in the Yangtze River basin for its favorable characteristics including high seed oil content(SOC), low seed glucosinolate content(SGC), long siliques, and stable yield. To transfer the ideal traits from ZS11 into 195-14 A, a Polima(pol)-type cytoplasmic male sterile line with high general combining ability, a doubled haploid population derived from the cross of ZS11 and 195-14 A was developed. Based on this population,a high-density genetic linkage map covering 2553 c M with an average marker interval of 0.81 c M, was constructed using the Brassica 60 K SNP array and simple sequence repeats. In seven environments, 64,29, 35, 37, and 33 QTL were identified for silique length, seeds per silique, seed density per silique,SOC, and SGC, respectively. Most favorable alleles were from ZS11. Seventy-one consensus QTL were identified by a QTL meta-analysis, eight of which(cqSL–A9–2, cqSL–C7, cqSGC–C2, cqSOC–A5–2, cqSOC–A5–3, cqSPS–A6–2, cqSPS–A7–2, and cqSDPS–A9–2) were assigned as major QTL. Comparative genomics and expression analysis predicted 72 candidate genes underlying the 21 consensus QTL for the five traits.These findings suggest the genetic basis of the superior performance of ZS11 and suggest favorable alleles for development of cultivars with improved yield and quality. These results will assist in cloning these promising alleles in the future.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-12)the Open Fund of the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement(ZK201909)。
文摘Clubroot and herbicide resistance,high oleic acid(OA)content,and early maturity are targets of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)breeding.The objective of this study was to develop new male-fertility restorer lines by pyramiding favorable genes to improve these traits simultaneously.Seven elite alleles for the four traits were introduced into the restorer line 621R by speed breeding with marker-assisted and phenotypic selection.Six introgression lines(ILs)were developed with four-to seven-gene combinations and crossed with two elite parents to develop hybrids.All ILs and their corresponding hybrids displayed high resistance to both clubroot pathotype 4 and sulfonylurea herbicides.Three ILs and their hybrids showed large increases in OA contents and four showed earlier maturity.These new ILs may be useful in rapeseed hybrid breeding for the target traits.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072099,31971977).
文摘Brassica napus(B.napus)is a globally significant oilseed crop,making a substantial contribution to both human oil and livestock feed production.Enhancing seed weight is crucial for improving rapeseed yield;however,only a limited number of seed weight-related genes have been functionally validated in B.napus thus far.UBIQUITINSPECIFIC PROTEASE 15(UBP15)belongs to the ubiquitin protease pathway and plays a maternal role in prolonging seed development in Arabidopsis.The potential utilization of UBP15 for enhancing seed yield in B.napus has remained unexplored until now.In this study,we identified the orthologs of UBP15 in B.napus and investigated its functionality using the CRISPR-Cas9 system.We generated mutant plants with multiple editing types targeting Bnaubp15s and successfully isolated T-DNA-free homozygous mutant lines that exhibited edits across four homologs of BnaUBP15 in T2 generation plants.Our preliminary data demonstrated that mutation of BnaUBP15s significantly reduced seed size,seed weight,and plant height while noticeably increasing the number of primary branches.These findings not only provide crucial evidence for further elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of seed weight and size by BnaUBP15s but also offer promising novel germplasm for enhancing plant architecture.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200400)the Program for Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(CARS-12)。
文摘Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)exhibits high-sulfur requirements to achieve optimal growth,development,and pathogen resistance.Despite the importance of sulfur,the mechanisms regulating its metabolism and disease resistance are not fully understood.In this study,we found that the zinc finger transcription factors BnaSTOP2s play a pivotal role in sulfur metabolism and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance.Our findings indicate that BnaSTOP2s are involved in sulfur metabolism,as evidenced by extensive protein interaction screening.BnaSTOP2s knockout reduced the content of essential sulfurcontaining metabolites,including glucosinolate and glutathione,which is consistent with the significantly lowered transcriptional levels of BnaMYB28s and BnaGTR2s,key factors involved in glucosinolate synthesis and transportation,respectively.Comprehensive RNA-seq analysis revealed the substantial effect of BnaSTOP2s on sulfur metabolism from roots to siliques,which serve as pivotal sources and sinks for sulfur metabolism,respectively.Furthermore,we found that leaf lesion size significantly decreased and increased in the BnaSTOP2-OE and Bnastop2 mutants,respectively,compared with the wild-type during S.sclerotiorum infection,suggesting a vital role of BnaSTOP2s in plant defense response.In conclusion,BnaSTOP2s act as global regulators of sulfur metabolism and confer resistance to S.sclerotiorum infection in B.napus.Thus,they have potential implications for improving crop resilience.
基金supported by the National Key Researchand Development Program ofChina(2022YFD1200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072099,31971977).
文摘Varieties with a semi-dwarf compact plant architecture may increase yield per unit area in rapeseed(Brassica napus)by allowing high-density cultivation and mechanical harvesting while conferring lodging resistance.Mutation of ERECTA(ER),which encodes a receptor-like protein kinase,generates a compact and upright plant architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana;however,there have been no reports on the roles of the ER family(ERf)in B.napus.In this study,we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate mutants in each of the two homoeologs of B.napus ERf members BnaER and ER-Like 1(BnaERL1),and in the single BnaERL2 gene,resulting in the homozygous mutants BnaA09.er/BnaC08.er,BnaA06.erl1/BnaC03.erl1,and BnaA10.erl2.Under greenhouse conditions,BnaA09.er/BnaC08.er plants were shorter than the wild type,with a compact inflorescence and shorter siliques.In addition,BnaA09.er/BnaC08.er plants produced significantly more branches and total siliques than the wild type,with no significant changes in the number of ovules per silique or thousand-seed weight.Under field conditions,the BnaA09.er/BnaC08.er mutant plant showed a phenotype comparable to that under greenhouse conditions,but with a notable drop in thousand-seed weight.These results indicate that the BnaA09.er/BnaC08.er mutant offers a valuable germplasm resource for breeding rapeseed with ideal plant architecture.
基金supported by grants from the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(32225037)Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2021HSZD004)+1 种基金HZAU-AGIS Cooperation Fund(SZYJY2022008)Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project(B20051)。
文摘Brassica napus,commonly known as rapeseed or canola,is a major oil crop contributing over 13%to the stable supply of edible vegetable oil worldwide.Identification and understanding the gene functions in the B.napus genome is crucial for genomic breeding.A group of genes controlling agronomic traits have been successfully cloned through functional genomics studies in B.napus.In this review,we present an overview of the progress made in the functional genomics of B.napus,including the availability of germplasm resources,omics databases and cloned functional genes.Based on the current progress,we also highlight the main challenges and perspectives in this field.The advances in the functional genomics of B.napus contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis underlying the complex agronomic traits in B.napus and will expedite the breeding of high quality,high resistance and high yield in B.napus varieties.
文摘Dear Editor,Rapeseed （Brassica napus） was formed on the Mediterranean coast approximately 7500 years ago （Chalhoub et al., 2014）. Natural variations and artificial selections in flowering time have greatly promoted its spread to subtropical and temperate regions, making B. napus a major source of both vegetable oil and animal feed worldwide. Many studies have been conducted over the past two decades toward understanding the genetic architecture of flowering time in B. napus. However, largely restricted by the complicated allotetraploid genome, molecular basis of flowering time variation remains poorly understood in rapeseed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32201791)+3 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M682440)the Program for Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System (CARS-12)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (GZB20230825)the Top-notch Talent Postdoctor Introduction Program of Hubei Province in China.No conflict of interest is declared.
文摘Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)is one of the major global sources of edible vegetable oil and is also used as a feed and pioneer crop and for sightseeing and industrial purposes.Improvements in genome sequencing and molecular marker technology have fueled a boom in functional genomic studies of major agronomic characters such as yield,quality,flowering time,and stress resistance.Moreover,introgression and pyra-miding of key functional genes have greatly accelerated the genetic improvement of important traits.Here we summarize recent progress in rapeseed genomics and genetics,and we discuss effective molecular breeding strategies by exploring thesefindings in rapeseed.These insights will extend our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying agronomic traits and facilitate the breeding process,ultimately contributing to more sustainable agriculture throughout the world.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFD1200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072099,31971977,and 32000595).
文摘Dear Editor,Rapeseed(Brassica napus)provides quality edible plant oil and industrial raw materials,as well as protein-rich animal feed;however,molecular characterization of functional genes in rapeseed remains challenging,largely owing to its complex polyploid genome,relatively long generation time,and environmentally sensitive traits.To accelerate functional genomics research on rapeseed,especially in an artificially controlled,stable environment like that of comprehensive speed breeding(CSB;Song et al.,2022),we screened out the representative B.napus accession Xiaoyun(小芸),with a rapid cycling time and scaleddown but normal plant architecture.
