Background Intestinal oxidative stress serves as an endogenous host defense against the gut microbiota by increas-ing energy expenditure and therefore decreasing feed efficiency(FE).Several systems coordinately regula...Background Intestinal oxidative stress serves as an endogenous host defense against the gut microbiota by increas-ing energy expenditure and therefore decreasing feed efficiency(FE).Several systems coordinately regulate redox bal-ance,including the mitochondrial respiratory chain,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)oxidase,and different antioxidants.However,it remains unclear which redox balance compartments in the intestine are crucial for determining FE.Results In this study,we first screened the key targets of different metabolites and redox balance-related gene expression in broiler ceca.We then constructed a mouse colitis model to explore malic acid(MA)ability to allevi-ate intestinal inflammation.We further used controlled release technology to coat MA and investigated its effects on the intestinal redox status and FE in vivo.Finally,we examined the underlying mechanism by which MA modulated redox status using a porcine intestinal epithelial cell jejunum 2(IPEC-J2)cell model in vitro.Our results demonstrated that the MA/malic enzyme 3(ME3)pathway may play an important role in reducing oxidative stress in the broiler cecum.In addition,colon infusion of MA attenuated inflammatory phenotypes in the dextran sulfate sodium salt(DSS)induced mouse colitis model.Then,dietary supplementation with controlled-release MA pellet(MAP)reduced the feed to gain(F/G)ratio and promoted chicken growth,with reduced oxidative stress and increased bacterial diver-sity.Finally,the in vitro IPEC-J2 cell model revealed that ME3 mediated the effect of MA on cellular oxidative stress.Conclusion In summary,our study firstly revealed the important role of the MA/ME3 system in the hindgut of broiler chickens for improving intestinal health and FE,which may also be crucial for the implications of colon inflammation associated diseases.展开更多
Obesity is a prevalent chronic disease that has significant negative impacts on humans and our companion animals,including dogs and cats.Obesity occurs with multiple comorbidities,such as diabetes,hypertension,heart d...Obesity is a prevalent chronic disease that has significant negative impacts on humans and our companion animals,including dogs and cats.Obesity occurs with multiple comorbidities,such as diabetes,hypertension,heart disease and osteoarthritis in dogs and cats.A direct link between lipid metabolism dysregulation and obesity-associated diseases has been implicated.However,the understanding of such pathophysiology in companion animals is lim-ited.This review aims to address the role of lipid metabolism in various metabolic disorders associated with obesity,emphasizing the involvement of the gut microbiota.Furthermore,we also discuss the management of obesity,including approaches like nutritional interventions,thus providing novel insights into obesity prevention and treatment for canines and felines.展开更多
Background:Cholesterol is an essential component of lipid rafts in cell plasma membrane,which exerts a hepatoprotective role against mycotoxin exposure in pigs,and cholesterol metabolism is vulnerable to epigenetic hi...Background:Cholesterol is an essential component of lipid rafts in cell plasma membrane,which exerts a hepatoprotective role against mycotoxin exposure in pigs,and cholesterol metabolism is vulnerable to epigenetic histone acetylation.Therefore,our present study aimed to investigate whether a histone deacetylase inhibitor(sodium butyrate [NaBu]) could protect the porcine liver from deoxynivalenol(DON) exposure by modulating cholesterol metabolism.Herein,we randomly divided 28 pigs into four groups,which were fed an uncontaminated basal diet,contaminated diet(4 mg DON/kg),uncontaminated diet supplemented with 0.2% NaBu or 4 mg/kg DON contaminated diet(4 mg DON/kg) supplemented with 0.2% NaBu for 28 d.Results:We found that the serum alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST),and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were all increased in pigs exposed to DON,indicative of significant liver injury.Furthermore,the cholesterol content in the serum of DON-exposed pigs was significantly reduced,compared to the healthy Vehicle group.Transcriptome analysis of porcine liver tissues revealed that the cholesterol homeostasis pathway was highly enriched due to DON exposure.In which we validated by qRT-PCR and western blotting that the cholesterol program was markedly activated.Importantly,NaBu effectively restored parameters associated with liver injury,along with the cholesterol content and the expression of key genes involved in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway.Mechanistically,we performed a ChIP-seq analysis of H3K27ac and showed that NaBu strongly diminished DON-increased H3K27ac genome-wide enrichment.We further validated that the elevated H3K27ac and H3K9ac occupancies on cholesterol biosynthesis genes were both decreased by NaBu,as determined by ChIP-qPCR analysis.Notably,nuclear receptor RORγ,a novel regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis,was found in the hyperacetylated regions.Again,a remarkable increase of RORγ at both mRNA and protein levels in DON-exposed porcine livers was drastically reduced by NaBu.Consistent with RORγ expression,NaBu also hindered RORγ transcriptional binding enrichments on these activated cholesterol biosynthesis genes like HMGCR,SQLE,and DHCR24.Furthermore,we conducted an in vitro luciferase reporter assay to verify that porcine RORγ directly bonds to the promoters of the above target genes.Conclusions:Collectively,our results demonstrate the utility of the natural product Na Bu as a potential anti-mycotoxin nutritional strategy for regulating cholesterol metabolism via RORγ-mediated histone acetylation modification.展开更多
Background: Time-restricted feeding(TRF) is a dieting strategy based on nutrients availability and diurnal rhythm,shown to improve lipid metabolism efficiency. We have demonstrated previously that retinoic acid-relate...Background: Time-restricted feeding(TRF) is a dieting strategy based on nutrients availability and diurnal rhythm,shown to improve lipid metabolism efficiency. We have demonstrated previously that retinoic acid-related(RAR)orphan receptor(ROR) γ is the primary transcription factor controlling cholesterol(CHO) biosynthesis program of animals. However, the functional role of RORγ in liver physiology of pigs in response to TRF has not been determined, largely due to the lack of functional models and molecular tools. In the present study, we established porcine liver organoids and subjected them to restricted nutrients supply for 10-h during the light portion of the day.Results: Our results showed that TRF regimen did not alter hepatocyte physiology, including unchanged cell viability, caspase 3/7 enzyme activity and the gene signature of cell proliferation in porcine liver organoids,compared to the control group(P > 0.05). Furthermore, we found that TRF downregulated the hepatic CHO biosynthesis program at both mRNA and protein levels, along with the reduced cellular CHO content in porcine liver organoids(P < 0.05). Using unbiased bioinformatic analysis of a previous ChIP-seq data and ChIP-qPCR validation, we revealed RORγ as the predominant transcription factor that responded to TRF, amongst the 12 targeted nuclear receptors(NRs)(P < 0.05). This was likely through RORγ direct binding to the MVK gene(encoding mevalonate kinase). Finally, we showed that RORγ agonists and overexpression enhanced the enrichment of cofactor p300, histone marks H3 K27 ac and H3K4me1/2, as well as RNA polymerase II(Pol-II) at the locus of MVK, in TRF-porcine liver organoids, compared to TRF-vector control(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that TRF triggers the RORγ-mediated chromatin remodeling at the locus of CHO biosynthesis genes in porcine liver organoids and further improves lipid metabolism.展开更多
Phytogenic feed additives have undergone extensive testing in swine production to determine their effects on gastrointestinal function and health,as well as their implications for pigs’systemic health and welfare,flo...Phytogenic feed additives have undergone extensive testing in swine production to determine their effects on gastrointestinal function and health,as well as their implications for pigs’systemic health and welfare,flock production efficiency,food safety,and environmental impact.These feed additives derived from plants,encompassing herbs,spices,fruits,and various plant components,contain numerous bioactive ingredients.An examination of published documents concerning the supplementation of phytogenic feed additives uncovers conflicting findings about their efficacy in swine production.This suggests that additional effort is required to ascertain the suitable inclusion levels and thoroughly clarify their mechanisms of action.This review aims to summarise the prevailing trends in the application of phytogenic feed additives in poultry,emphasising their effects on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,biochemical profiles,gene expression,hypocholesterolemic properties,immunity,meat quality,fatty acid composition,amino acid content,and the gut microbiota of swine.展开更多
Developing effective strategies to prevent diarrhea and associated-gut disorders in mammals has gained great significance.Owing to the many health benefits provided by the commensal microbiota of the intestinal tract,...Developing effective strategies to prevent diarrhea and associated-gut disorders in mammals has gained great significance.Owing to the many health benefits provided by the commensal microbiota of the intestinal tract,such as against environmental perturbation,we explored the host phenotype-associated microbes and their probiotic potential.Based on the observations that the chronic heat stress-exposed weaned piglets present as heat stress-susceptible(HS-SUS)or heat stress-resistant(HS-RES)individuals,we confirmed the phenotypic difference between the two on growth performance(P<0.05),diarrhea index(P<0.001),intestinal heat shock protein 70(HSP70)regulation(P<0.01),and inflammatory responses(P<0.01).By comparing the gut microbiome using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and KEGG functional analysis,we found that Lactobacillus johnsonii exhibited significantly higher relative abundance in the HS-RES piglets than in the HS-SUS ones(P<0.05).Further experiments using a mouse model for chemical-induced inflammation and intestinal injury demonstrated that oral administration of a representative L.johnsonii N5(isolated from the HS-RES piglets)ameliorated the clinical and histological signs of colitis while suppressing intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-a and IL-6 production(P<0.05).We found that N5 treatment enhanced tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin and cytoprotective HSP70 levels under physiological condition and restored their mucosal expressions in colitis(P<0.05).In support of the high production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10,N5 promoted the intestinal Peyer’s patches MHCⅡ+and CD103+dendritic cell populations(P<0.05),increased the regulatory T(Treg)cell numbers(P<0.05),and decreased the Th17 population and its IL-17a production under physiological condition and during colitis(P<0.01).Our results shed light on understanding the interaction between commensal Lactobacillus and the host health,and provide L.johnsonii N5 as an alternative to antibiotics for preventing diarrhea and intestinal diseases.展开更多
In the livestock production system,the evolution of porcine gut microecology is consistent with the idea of“The Hygiene Hypothesis”in humans.I.e.,improved hygiene conditions,reduced exposure to environmental microor...In the livestock production system,the evolution of porcine gut microecology is consistent with the idea of“The Hygiene Hypothesis”in humans.I.e.,improved hygiene conditions,reduced exposure to environmental microorganisms in early life,and frequent use of antimicrobial drugs drive immune dysregulation.Meanwhile,the overuse of antibiotics as feed additives for infectious disease prevention and animal growth induces antimicrobial resistance genes in pathogens and spreads related environmental pollutants.It justifies our attempt to review alternatives to antibiotics that can support optimal growth and improve the immunophysiological state of pigs.In the current review,we first described porcine mucosal immunity,followed by discussions of gut microbiota dynamics during the critical weaning period and the impacts brought by antibiotics usage.Evidence of in-feed additives with immuno-modulatory properties highlighting probiotics,prebiotics,and phytobiotics and their cellular and molecular networking are summarized and reviewed.It may provide insights into the immune regulatory mechanisms of antibiotic alternatives and open new avenues for health management in pig production.展开更多
To assess the effects of a time-restricted feeding(TRF)regimen on meat quality of pigs exposed to high ambient temperature,a two-month feeding and heat treatment(HT)trial was conducted using a 2×2 factorial desig...To assess the effects of a time-restricted feeding(TRF)regimen on meat quality of pigs exposed to high ambient temperature,a two-month feeding and heat treatment(HT)trial was conducted using a 2×2 factorial design.A total of 24 growing pigs(11.0±1.9 kg)were randomly divided into four groups:thermal neutral group(NT,24±3°C),HT group(exposed to a high temperature at 35±2°C from 11:00 to 15:00),TRF group and HT+TRF group(HT and TRF co-treatment group,n=6 for each group).Pigs in TRF groups got access to feed within 5 h from 9:00 to14:00,while the others were fed at 6:00,11:30,and 16:00.All pigs received the same diet during the trail.The results showed that HT increased the drip loss,shear force,lightness,and malondialdehyde production in Longissimus thoracis et lumborum(LTL)muscle.TRF reversely reduced the shear force and drip loss,accompanied by decreased intramuscular fat and increased moisture content.Enhanced fiber transformation from type 1 to type 2b and down-regulated expression of muscle growth-related genes were observed by HT,while TRF suppressed the fiber transformation and expression of muscle atrophy-related genes.Furthermore,TRF restored the diminished protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in LTL muscle by chronic HT.Accumulation of HSP70 in muscle of HT group was reduced by treatment of TRF.HT declined the expression of vital genes involved in fatty acids poly-desaturation and the proportion of(polyunsaturated fatty acids)PUFAs,mainly omega-6 in LTL muscle,while TRF group promoted the expression of poly-desaturation pathway and displayed the highest proportion of PUFAs.These results demonstrated that TRF relieved the chronic high temperature affected meat quality by the restored expression of Nrf2/HO-1 anti-oxidative cascade,modified muscle fiber composition,and enriched PUFAs in LTL muscle.展开更多
基金supported by the local innovative and research teams project of Guangdong province(2019BT02N630)national key research and development program(2022YFD1300401)+2 种基金Double first-class discipline promoting project(2023B10564001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272954)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2024A1515013131).
文摘Background Intestinal oxidative stress serves as an endogenous host defense against the gut microbiota by increas-ing energy expenditure and therefore decreasing feed efficiency(FE).Several systems coordinately regulate redox bal-ance,including the mitochondrial respiratory chain,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)oxidase,and different antioxidants.However,it remains unclear which redox balance compartments in the intestine are crucial for determining FE.Results In this study,we first screened the key targets of different metabolites and redox balance-related gene expression in broiler ceca.We then constructed a mouse colitis model to explore malic acid(MA)ability to allevi-ate intestinal inflammation.We further used controlled release technology to coat MA and investigated its effects on the intestinal redox status and FE in vivo.Finally,we examined the underlying mechanism by which MA modulated redox status using a porcine intestinal epithelial cell jejunum 2(IPEC-J2)cell model in vitro.Our results demonstrated that the MA/malic enzyme 3(ME3)pathway may play an important role in reducing oxidative stress in the broiler cecum.In addition,colon infusion of MA attenuated inflammatory phenotypes in the dextran sulfate sodium salt(DSS)induced mouse colitis model.Then,dietary supplementation with controlled-release MA pellet(MAP)reduced the feed to gain(F/G)ratio and promoted chicken growth,with reduced oxidative stress and increased bacterial diver-sity.Finally,the in vitro IPEC-J2 cell model revealed that ME3 mediated the effect of MA on cellular oxidative stress.Conclusion In summary,our study firstly revealed the important role of the MA/ME3 system in the hindgut of broiler chickens for improving intestinal health and FE,which may also be crucial for the implications of colon inflammation associated diseases.
基金funded by research grants from the Jiangsu Provincial Double-Innovation Team Program(JSSCTD202147)Nutrition and Care of Maternal and Child Research Fund Project of the Biostime Institute of Nutrition and Care(Grant No.2022BINCMCF006)+1 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX22_3527)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Obesity is a prevalent chronic disease that has significant negative impacts on humans and our companion animals,including dogs and cats.Obesity occurs with multiple comorbidities,such as diabetes,hypertension,heart disease and osteoarthritis in dogs and cats.A direct link between lipid metabolism dysregulation and obesity-associated diseases has been implicated.However,the understanding of such pathophysiology in companion animals is lim-ited.This review aims to address the role of lipid metabolism in various metabolic disorders associated with obesity,emphasizing the involvement of the gut microbiota.Furthermore,we also discuss the management of obesity,including approaches like nutritional interventions,thus providing novel insights into obesity prevention and treatment for canines and felines.
基金supported by Key Research and Development Project(Modern Agriculture)of Jiangsu Province(BE2019341)Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX[20]2003)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Background:Cholesterol is an essential component of lipid rafts in cell plasma membrane,which exerts a hepatoprotective role against mycotoxin exposure in pigs,and cholesterol metabolism is vulnerable to epigenetic histone acetylation.Therefore,our present study aimed to investigate whether a histone deacetylase inhibitor(sodium butyrate [NaBu]) could protect the porcine liver from deoxynivalenol(DON) exposure by modulating cholesterol metabolism.Herein,we randomly divided 28 pigs into four groups,which were fed an uncontaminated basal diet,contaminated diet(4 mg DON/kg),uncontaminated diet supplemented with 0.2% NaBu or 4 mg/kg DON contaminated diet(4 mg DON/kg) supplemented with 0.2% NaBu for 28 d.Results:We found that the serum alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST),and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were all increased in pigs exposed to DON,indicative of significant liver injury.Furthermore,the cholesterol content in the serum of DON-exposed pigs was significantly reduced,compared to the healthy Vehicle group.Transcriptome analysis of porcine liver tissues revealed that the cholesterol homeostasis pathway was highly enriched due to DON exposure.In which we validated by qRT-PCR and western blotting that the cholesterol program was markedly activated.Importantly,NaBu effectively restored parameters associated with liver injury,along with the cholesterol content and the expression of key genes involved in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway.Mechanistically,we performed a ChIP-seq analysis of H3K27ac and showed that NaBu strongly diminished DON-increased H3K27ac genome-wide enrichment.We further validated that the elevated H3K27ac and H3K9ac occupancies on cholesterol biosynthesis genes were both decreased by NaBu,as determined by ChIP-qPCR analysis.Notably,nuclear receptor RORγ,a novel regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis,was found in the hyperacetylated regions.Again,a remarkable increase of RORγ at both mRNA and protein levels in DON-exposed porcine livers was drastically reduced by NaBu.Consistent with RORγ expression,NaBu also hindered RORγ transcriptional binding enrichments on these activated cholesterol biosynthesis genes like HMGCR,SQLE,and DHCR24.Furthermore,we conducted an in vitro luciferase reporter assay to verify that porcine RORγ directly bonds to the promoters of the above target genes.Conclusions:Collectively,our results demonstrate the utility of the natural product Na Bu as a potential anti-mycotoxin nutritional strategy for regulating cholesterol metabolism via RORγ-mediated histone acetylation modification.
基金supported by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Yangzhou University (X20200616)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Background: Time-restricted feeding(TRF) is a dieting strategy based on nutrients availability and diurnal rhythm,shown to improve lipid metabolism efficiency. We have demonstrated previously that retinoic acid-related(RAR)orphan receptor(ROR) γ is the primary transcription factor controlling cholesterol(CHO) biosynthesis program of animals. However, the functional role of RORγ in liver physiology of pigs in response to TRF has not been determined, largely due to the lack of functional models and molecular tools. In the present study, we established porcine liver organoids and subjected them to restricted nutrients supply for 10-h during the light portion of the day.Results: Our results showed that TRF regimen did not alter hepatocyte physiology, including unchanged cell viability, caspase 3/7 enzyme activity and the gene signature of cell proliferation in porcine liver organoids,compared to the control group(P > 0.05). Furthermore, we found that TRF downregulated the hepatic CHO biosynthesis program at both mRNA and protein levels, along with the reduced cellular CHO content in porcine liver organoids(P < 0.05). Using unbiased bioinformatic analysis of a previous ChIP-seq data and ChIP-qPCR validation, we revealed RORγ as the predominant transcription factor that responded to TRF, amongst the 12 targeted nuclear receptors(NRs)(P < 0.05). This was likely through RORγ direct binding to the MVK gene(encoding mevalonate kinase). Finally, we showed that RORγ agonists and overexpression enhanced the enrichment of cofactor p300, histone marks H3 K27 ac and H3K4me1/2, as well as RNA polymerase II(Pol-II) at the locus of MVK, in TRF-porcine liver organoids, compared to TRF-vector control(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that TRF triggers the RORγ-mediated chromatin remodeling at the locus of CHO biosynthesis genes in porcine liver organoids and further improves lipid metabolism.
基金funded by research grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1300205,2023YFD1301200)Jiangsu Provincial Double-Innovation Team Program(JSSCTD202147)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Phytogenic feed additives have undergone extensive testing in swine production to determine their effects on gastrointestinal function and health,as well as their implications for pigs’systemic health and welfare,flock production efficiency,food safety,and environmental impact.These feed additives derived from plants,encompassing herbs,spices,fruits,and various plant components,contain numerous bioactive ingredients.An examination of published documents concerning the supplementation of phytogenic feed additives uncovers conflicting findings about their efficacy in swine production.This suggests that additional effort is required to ascertain the suitable inclusion levels and thoroughly clarify their mechanisms of action.This review aims to summarise the prevailing trends in the application of phytogenic feed additives in poultry,emphasising their effects on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,biochemical profiles,gene expression,hypocholesterolemic properties,immunity,meat quality,fatty acid composition,amino acid content,and the gut microbiota of swine.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20200932,BK20220582)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002243)+1 种基金the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Yangzhou University(X20211025)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Developing effective strategies to prevent diarrhea and associated-gut disorders in mammals has gained great significance.Owing to the many health benefits provided by the commensal microbiota of the intestinal tract,such as against environmental perturbation,we explored the host phenotype-associated microbes and their probiotic potential.Based on the observations that the chronic heat stress-exposed weaned piglets present as heat stress-susceptible(HS-SUS)or heat stress-resistant(HS-RES)individuals,we confirmed the phenotypic difference between the two on growth performance(P<0.05),diarrhea index(P<0.001),intestinal heat shock protein 70(HSP70)regulation(P<0.01),and inflammatory responses(P<0.01).By comparing the gut microbiome using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and KEGG functional analysis,we found that Lactobacillus johnsonii exhibited significantly higher relative abundance in the HS-RES piglets than in the HS-SUS ones(P<0.05).Further experiments using a mouse model for chemical-induced inflammation and intestinal injury demonstrated that oral administration of a representative L.johnsonii N5(isolated from the HS-RES piglets)ameliorated the clinical and histological signs of colitis while suppressing intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-a and IL-6 production(P<0.05).We found that N5 treatment enhanced tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin and cytoprotective HSP70 levels under physiological condition and restored their mucosal expressions in colitis(P<0.05).In support of the high production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10,N5 promoted the intestinal Peyer’s patches MHCⅡ+and CD103+dendritic cell populations(P<0.05),increased the regulatory T(Treg)cell numbers(P<0.05),and decreased the Th17 population and its IL-17a production under physiological condition and during colitis(P<0.01).Our results shed light on understanding the interaction between commensal Lactobacillus and the host health,and provide L.johnsonii N5 as an alternative to antibiotics for preventing diarrhea and intestinal diseases.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002243)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220582,BK20200932)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Agricultural Science And Technology Innovation Fund[CX(21)2014]the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘In the livestock production system,the evolution of porcine gut microecology is consistent with the idea of“The Hygiene Hypothesis”in humans.I.e.,improved hygiene conditions,reduced exposure to environmental microorganisms in early life,and frequent use of antimicrobial drugs drive immune dysregulation.Meanwhile,the overuse of antibiotics as feed additives for infectious disease prevention and animal growth induces antimicrobial resistance genes in pathogens and spreads related environmental pollutants.It justifies our attempt to review alternatives to antibiotics that can support optimal growth and improve the immunophysiological state of pigs.In the current review,we first described porcine mucosal immunity,followed by discussions of gut microbiota dynamics during the critical weaning period and the impacts brought by antibiotics usage.Evidence of in-feed additives with immuno-modulatory properties highlighting probiotics,prebiotics,and phytobiotics and their cellular and molecular networking are summarized and reviewed.It may provide insights into the immune regulatory mechanisms of antibiotic alternatives and open new avenues for health management in pig production.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220582)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent,the Jiangsu Agricultural Science And Technology Innovation Fund[CX(21)2014]+1 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Double-Innovation Team Program(JSSCTD202147)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘To assess the effects of a time-restricted feeding(TRF)regimen on meat quality of pigs exposed to high ambient temperature,a two-month feeding and heat treatment(HT)trial was conducted using a 2×2 factorial design.A total of 24 growing pigs(11.0±1.9 kg)were randomly divided into four groups:thermal neutral group(NT,24±3°C),HT group(exposed to a high temperature at 35±2°C from 11:00 to 15:00),TRF group and HT+TRF group(HT and TRF co-treatment group,n=6 for each group).Pigs in TRF groups got access to feed within 5 h from 9:00 to14:00,while the others were fed at 6:00,11:30,and 16:00.All pigs received the same diet during the trail.The results showed that HT increased the drip loss,shear force,lightness,and malondialdehyde production in Longissimus thoracis et lumborum(LTL)muscle.TRF reversely reduced the shear force and drip loss,accompanied by decreased intramuscular fat and increased moisture content.Enhanced fiber transformation from type 1 to type 2b and down-regulated expression of muscle growth-related genes were observed by HT,while TRF suppressed the fiber transformation and expression of muscle atrophy-related genes.Furthermore,TRF restored the diminished protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in LTL muscle by chronic HT.Accumulation of HSP70 in muscle of HT group was reduced by treatment of TRF.HT declined the expression of vital genes involved in fatty acids poly-desaturation and the proportion of(polyunsaturated fatty acids)PUFAs,mainly omega-6 in LTL muscle,while TRF group promoted the expression of poly-desaturation pathway and displayed the highest proportion of PUFAs.These results demonstrated that TRF relieved the chronic high temperature affected meat quality by the restored expression of Nrf2/HO-1 anti-oxidative cascade,modified muscle fiber composition,and enriched PUFAs in LTL muscle.
