雪豹(Pantherauncia)是猫科豹亚科动物,生活在林线以上的高山带和亚高山带。据全球雪豹及其生态系统保护计划(GlobalSnowLeopard&EcosystemProtectionProgram,GSLEP)估计,目前全球雪豹为4,000–6,500只,其分布跨越12个国家,分布面...雪豹(Pantherauncia)是猫科豹亚科动物,生活在林线以上的高山带和亚高山带。据全球雪豹及其生态系统保护计划(GlobalSnowLeopard&EcosystemProtectionProgram,GSLEP)估计,目前全球雪豹为4,000–6,500只,其分布跨越12个国家,分布面积约为180万km2,其中60%以上在中国(Snow Leopard Working Secretariat,2013,https://www.globalsnow leopard.org/)。雪豹分布在高海拔陡峭偏远的山地环境,种群密度低(Xu et al,2008),行踪诡秘,加之其烟灰色的花纹易于融入周围的裸岩环境,限制了雪豹研究的开展。展开更多
建立了高效液相色谱法测定化妆品原料羟丙基四氢吡喃三醇的含量及构型比例的方法。样品以水溶解,经CAPCELL PAK ADME色谱柱分离,示差折光检测器测定,柱温为35℃,检测池温度为40℃,流速为1.0 mL/min。结果显示,羟丙基四氢吡喃三醇在0.1~2...建立了高效液相色谱法测定化妆品原料羟丙基四氢吡喃三醇的含量及构型比例的方法。样品以水溶解,经CAPCELL PAK ADME色谱柱分离,示差折光检测器测定,柱温为35℃,检测池温度为40℃,流速为1.0 mL/min。结果显示,羟丙基四氢吡喃三醇在0.1~2.0 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)≥0.9999,加标回收率为99.3%~99.6%,相对标准偏差(n=3)小于0.76%,方法检出限和定量限分别为0.03%和0.10%。该方法具有操作简单、定量准确、能够有效分离异构体等优点,适用于化妆品原料羟丙基四氢吡喃三醇含量及构型比例的测定。展开更多
Male muskrats(Ondatra zibethicus L.)secrete musk from their scent glands during musk secretion season.Musk plays an important role as a communication pheromone during the breeding season.In this study,gas chromatogra...Male muskrats(Ondatra zibethicus L.)secrete musk from their scent glands during musk secretion season.Musk plays an important role as a communication pheromone during the breeding season.In this study,gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS)was used to analyze the main components of musk.The GC–MS results after methyl esterification showed that 71.55%of the musk is composed of fatty acids.The other components of muskrat musk include cholesterol(9.31%)and other organics.Transcriptome comparison between musk secretion and non-secretion seasons showed significant changes in the scent glands for 53 genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and metabolism regulatory pathways,which include fatty acid biosynthesis,elongation,and metabolism;steroid biosynthesis;steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways.A reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed these detected changes.Overall,our results indicated that lipid synthesis and metabolism play important roles in musk compound synthesis by providing energy for musk production,and the produced musk provides a mechanism for male muskrats to communicate with females during the breeding season.展开更多
Analysis of the intestinal microbiota and physiological parameters in mammalian infancy can reveal health status.In this study,we used a combination of molecular and immunochemical approaches to assess fecal microbiot...Analysis of the intestinal microbiota and physiological parameters in mammalian infancy can reveal health status.In this study,we used a combination of molecular and immunochemical approaches to assess fecal microbiota as well as Cortisol(Cor),Triiodothyronine(T3),and immunoglobulin A(IgA)levels of young forest musk deer(FMD),from birth to one month after weaning(7 days of age–110 days of age).During development as the diet of FMD changes from consuming milk to eating plants,the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota of young FMD increased significantly.Cor levels remained unchanged throughout early development while significantly increased after weaning,T3 and IgA initially were derived from milk during lactation,significantly decreased after weaning.Correlation network analysis showed that the community of food-oriented microbes were highly structured and that many genera were correlated.Overall,this study provides scientific insights into effective management strategies for the protection of FMD population.展开更多
Captive conditions can affect the symbiotic microbiome of animals.In this study,we compared the structural and functional differences of the gastrointestinal microbiomes of wild Bactrian camels(Camelus ferus)between w...Captive conditions can affect the symbiotic microbiome of animals.In this study,we compared the structural and functional differences of the gastrointestinal microbiomes of wild Bactrian camels(Camelus ferus)between wild and captive populations,as well as their different host energy utilization performances through metagenomics.The results showed that wild-living camels harbored more microbial taxa related to the production of volatile fatty acids,fewer methanogens,and fewer genes encoding enzymes involved in methanogenesis,leading to higher energy utilization efficiency compared to that of captive-living camels.These findings suggest that the wild-living camel fecal microbiome demonstrates a series of adaptive characteristics that enable the host to adjust to a relatively barren field environment.Our study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of wildlife adaptations to habitats from the perspective of the microbiome.展开更多
Host-associated microbiota can significantly impact host fitness.Therefore,naturally occurring variations in microbiota may influence the health and persistence of their hosts.This finding is particularly important in...Host-associated microbiota can significantly impact host fitness.Therefore,naturally occurring variations in microbiota may influence the health and persistence of their hosts.This finding is particularly important in reintroduced animals,as they typically experience habitat changes during translocations.However,little is known about how microbiomes are altered in response to conservation translocation.Here,we accessed the gut microbiome of Przewalski’s horse(Equus przewalskii)populations in China from three nature reserves(i.e.Xinjiang Kalamaili Nature Reserve,KNR;Dunhuang Xihu National Nature Reserve,DXNNR;and Anxi Extreme-arid Desert Nature Reserve,AENR)using 16s rRNA gene and metagenome sequencing.The results showed that the microbial composition and function differed significantly across locations,while a subset of core taxa was consistently present in most of the samples.The abundance of genes encoding microbe-produced enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates,especially for glycoside hydrolases,was significantly higher in open-spaced KNR populations than in more confined AENR individuals.This study offers detailed and significant differential characters related to the microbial community and metabolic pathways in various reintroduced sites of Przewalski’s horse,which might provide a basis for future microecological and conservation research on endangered reintroduced animals.展开更多
文摘雪豹(Pantherauncia)是猫科豹亚科动物,生活在林线以上的高山带和亚高山带。据全球雪豹及其生态系统保护计划(GlobalSnowLeopard&EcosystemProtectionProgram,GSLEP)估计,目前全球雪豹为4,000–6,500只,其分布跨越12个国家,分布面积约为180万km2,其中60%以上在中国(Snow Leopard Working Secretariat,2013,https://www.globalsnow leopard.org/)。雪豹分布在高海拔陡峭偏远的山地环境,种群密度低(Xu et al,2008),行踪诡秘,加之其烟灰色的花纹易于融入周围的裸岩环境,限制了雪豹研究的开展。
文摘建立了高效液相色谱法测定化妆品原料羟丙基四氢吡喃三醇的含量及构型比例的方法。样品以水溶解,经CAPCELL PAK ADME色谱柱分离,示差折光检测器测定,柱温为35℃,检测池温度为40℃,流速为1.0 mL/min。结果显示,羟丙基四氢吡喃三醇在0.1~2.0 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)≥0.9999,加标回收率为99.3%~99.6%,相对标准偏差(n=3)小于0.76%,方法检出限和定量限分别为0.03%和0.10%。该方法具有操作简单、定量准确、能够有效分离异构体等优点,适用于化妆品原料羟丙基四氢吡喃三醇含量及构型比例的测定。
基金This work was supported by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.5202016)Fundamental research funds for the central universities(Grant No.2019YC18).
文摘Male muskrats(Ondatra zibethicus L.)secrete musk from their scent glands during musk secretion season.Musk plays an important role as a communication pheromone during the breeding season.In this study,gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS)was used to analyze the main components of musk.The GC–MS results after methyl esterification showed that 71.55%of the musk is composed of fatty acids.The other components of muskrat musk include cholesterol(9.31%)and other organics.Transcriptome comparison between musk secretion and non-secretion seasons showed significant changes in the scent glands for 53 genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and metabolism regulatory pathways,which include fatty acid biosynthesis,elongation,and metabolism;steroid biosynthesis;steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways.A reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed these detected changes.Overall,our results indicated that lipid synthesis and metabolism play important roles in musk compound synthesis by providing energy for musk production,and the produced musk provides a mechanism for male muskrats to communicate with females during the breeding season.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D program of China(2018YFD0502204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872962).
文摘Analysis of the intestinal microbiota and physiological parameters in mammalian infancy can reveal health status.In this study,we used a combination of molecular and immunochemical approaches to assess fecal microbiota as well as Cortisol(Cor),Triiodothyronine(T3),and immunoglobulin A(IgA)levels of young forest musk deer(FMD),from birth to one month after weaning(7 days of age–110 days of age).During development as the diet of FMD changes from consuming milk to eating plants,the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota of young FMD increased significantly.Cor levels remained unchanged throughout early development while significantly increased after weaning,T3 and IgA initially were derived from milk during lactation,significantly decreased after weaning.Correlation network analysis showed that the community of food-oriented microbes were highly structured and that many genera were correlated.Overall,this study provides scientific insights into effective management strategies for the protection of FMD population.
基金funded by the Beijing Forestry University Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project(No.2019JQ03018)Postdoctoral Innovative Talents Support Program(No.BX20190042)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M670177).
文摘Captive conditions can affect the symbiotic microbiome of animals.In this study,we compared the structural and functional differences of the gastrointestinal microbiomes of wild Bactrian camels(Camelus ferus)between wild and captive populations,as well as their different host energy utilization performances through metagenomics.The results showed that wild-living camels harbored more microbial taxa related to the production of volatile fatty acids,fewer methanogens,and fewer genes encoding enzymes involved in methanogenesis,leading to higher energy utilization efficiency compared to that of captive-living camels.These findings suggest that the wild-living camel fecal microbiome demonstrates a series of adaptive characteristics that enable the host to adjust to a relatively barren field environment.Our study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of wildlife adaptations to habitats from the perspective of the microbiome.
基金We are grateful to rangers and staff members at the Xinjiang Kalamaili Nature Reserve,the Anxi Extremearid Desert Nature Reserve,and the Dunhuang Xihu National Nature Reserve for their support in sample collection.We would like to thank Editage(www.editage.cn)for English language editing.This work was supported by the Beijing Forestry University Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project[grant number 2019JQ03018]the Postdoctoral Innovative Talents Support Program[grant number BX20190042]+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation[grant number 2020M670177]L.T.acknowledges support from China Scholarship Council for her study at the University of Oxford(No.201906510039).
文摘Host-associated microbiota can significantly impact host fitness.Therefore,naturally occurring variations in microbiota may influence the health and persistence of their hosts.This finding is particularly important in reintroduced animals,as they typically experience habitat changes during translocations.However,little is known about how microbiomes are altered in response to conservation translocation.Here,we accessed the gut microbiome of Przewalski’s horse(Equus przewalskii)populations in China from three nature reserves(i.e.Xinjiang Kalamaili Nature Reserve,KNR;Dunhuang Xihu National Nature Reserve,DXNNR;and Anxi Extreme-arid Desert Nature Reserve,AENR)using 16s rRNA gene and metagenome sequencing.The results showed that the microbial composition and function differed significantly across locations,while a subset of core taxa was consistently present in most of the samples.The abundance of genes encoding microbe-produced enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates,especially for glycoside hydrolases,was significantly higher in open-spaced KNR populations than in more confined AENR individuals.This study offers detailed and significant differential characters related to the microbial community and metabolic pathways in various reintroduced sites of Przewalski’s horse,which might provide a basis for future microecological and conservation research on endangered reintroduced animals.
