Modifying the surface structures of g-C_(3)N_(4) through interfacial coupling with other semiconductors has been spotlighted as an efficient approach for improving photocatalytic efficiency.With the surge of S-scheme ...Modifying the surface structures of g-C_(3)N_(4) through interfacial coupling with other semiconductors has been spotlighted as an efficient approach for improving photocatalytic efficiency.With the surge of S-scheme heterojunctions,the research is intensified towards designing this kind of composite for energy-environmental-related applications.In this context,a new approach involving surface modifications of g-C_(3)N_(4) through Gd species and integrating with monoclinic-WO_(3) via a wet chemical approach to form S-scheme heterojunctions is investigated.The characterization results attested that the adopted protocol promotes the better dispersion of Gd species over the g-C_(3)N_(4) surface and rigidly integrates with WO_(3).The optical response of the composite spanned a significant portion of the visible region in the solar spec-trum.The computational studies and the findings of the Mott-Schottky plot collectively suggested that the position of band edges qualifies for the formation of S-scheme heterojunction.The results derived from photocurrent response measurements and photoluminescence technique attribute to the effective charge carrier separation in the heterostructure.The rate constant of Gd-g-C_(3)N_(4)/WO_(3) was 1.48×10^(-2) min^(-1) which was approximately 4.35 and 2.27 times greater than that of WO_(3)(0.34×10^(-2) min^(-1))and g-C_(3)N_(4)/WO_(3)(0.65×10^(-2) min^(-1))respectively.Furthermore,RhB degradation in the presence of scav-engers validated the participation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals in the degradation mechanisms.This was possible only when the conduction band electrons of WO_(3) recombined with the valence band holes of Gd-modified g-C_(3)N_(4).The present work helps to understand the S-scheme heterojunction forma-tion between surface-modified g-C_(3)N_(4) and metal oxides and retain the involvement of energetic charge carriers in the desired redox reactions.展开更多
Rationale:Central nervous system(CNS)actinomycosis is rare,spreading hematogenously from distant infections.Cutaneous actinomycosis with skull/meninges spread is especially unusual.Patient concerns:A 57-year-old man p...Rationale:Central nervous system(CNS)actinomycosis is rare,spreading hematogenously from distant infections.Cutaneous actinomycosis with skull/meninges spread is especially unusual.Patient concerns:A 57-year-old man presented with complaints of discharge from the back of his scalp for six months,an ataxic gait,and bilateral upper and lower limb weakness and numbness over the past 4-5 months.Diagnosis:CNS actinomycosis.Interventions:Intravenous injection of ceftriaxone followed by oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid therapy.Outcomes:The patient was able to walk without support,with complete resolution of sinus discharge.Lessons:In patients presenting with discharging sinuses especially when accompanied by CNS symptoms,actinomycosis should be considered as a differential,along with tuberculosis,non-tubercular mycobacterial infection,and aspergillosis.Microbiological confirmation should be attempted wherever possible,for accurate diagnosis and treatment,as clinic-radiological picture alone may not differentiate these infections,as treatment of each is diametrically opposite and patients can be cured with timely and appropriate treatment.展开更多
The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations has released seventeen goals for sustainable development and SDG No.3 is“Good Health and Well-being”,which mainly emphasizes the strategies to be a...The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations has released seventeen goals for sustainable development and SDG No.3 is“Good Health and Well-being”,which mainly emphasizes the strategies to be adopted for maintaining a healthy life.The Monkeypox Virus disease was first reported in 1970.Since then,various health initiatives have been taken,including by the WHO.In the present work,we attempt a fractional model of Monkeypox virus disease,which we feel is crucial for a better understanding of this disease.We use the recently introduced ABC fractional derivative to closely examine the Monkeypox virus disease model.The evaluation of this model determines the existence of two equilibrium states.These two stable points exist within the model and include a disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium.The disease-free equilibrium has undergone proof to demonstrate its stability properties.The system remains stable locally and globally whenever the effective reproduction number remains below one.The effective reproduction number becoming greater than unity makes the endemic equilibrium more stable both globally and locally than unity.To comprehensively study the model’s solutions,we employ the Picard-Lindelof approach to investigate their existence and uniqueness.We investigate the Ulam-Hyers and UlamHyers Rassias stability of the fractional order nonlinear framework for the Monkeypox virus disease model.Furthermore,the approximate solutions of the ABC fractional order Monkeypox virus disease model are obtained with the help of a numerical technique combining the Lagrange polynomial interpolation and fundamental theorem of fractional calculus with the ABC fractional derivative.展开更多
Pyricularia oryzae anamorph of Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most notorious fungal pathogens causing severe economic loss in rice production worldwide. Various methods, viz. cultural, biological and molecular appro...Pyricularia oryzae anamorph of Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most notorious fungal pathogens causing severe economic loss in rice production worldwide. Various methods, viz. cultural, biological and molecular approaches, are utilized to counteract this pathogen. Moreover, some tolerant or resistant rice varieties have been developed with the help of breeding programmes. Isolation and molecular characterization of different blast resistance genes now open the gate for new possibilities to elucidate the actual allelic variants of these genes via various molecular breeding and transgenic approaches. However, the behavioral pattern of this fungus breakups the resistance barriers in the resistant or tolerant rice varieties. This host-pathogen barrier will be possibly countered in future research by comparative genomics data from available genome sequence data of rice and M. oryzae for durable resistance. Present review emphasized fascinating recent updates, new molecular breeding approaches, transgenic and genomics approaches(i.e. mi RNA and genome editing) for the management of blast disease in rice. The updated information will be helpful for the durable, resistance breeding programme in rice against blast pathogen.展开更多
This research focuses on the application of three soft computing techniques including Minimax Probability Machine Regression(MPMR),Particle Swarm Optimization based Artificial Neural Network(ANN-PSO)and Particle Swarm...This research focuses on the application of three soft computing techniques including Minimax Probability Machine Regression(MPMR),Particle Swarm Optimization based Artificial Neural Network(ANN-PSO)and Particle Swarm Optimization based Adaptive Network Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS-PSO)to study the shallow foundation reliability based on settlement criteria.Soil is a heterogeneous medium and the involvement of its attributes for geotechnical behaviour in soil-foundation system makes the prediction of settlement of shallow a complex engineering problem.This study explores the feasibility of soft computing techniques against the deterministic approach.The settlement of shallow foundation depends on the parametersγ(unit weight),e0(void ratio)and CC(compression index).These soil parameters are taken as input variables while the settlement of shallow foundation as output.To assess the performance of models,different performance indices i.e.RMSE,VAF,R^2,Bias Factor,MAPE,LMI,U(95),RSR,NS,RPD,etc.were used.From the analysis of results,it was found that MPMR model outperformed PSO-ANFIS and PSO-ANN.Therefore,MPMR can be used as a reliable soft computing technique for non-linear problems for settlement of shallow foundations on soils.展开更多
The present and future energy requirements of mankind can be fulfilled with sustained research and development efforts by global scientists.The purpose of this review paper is to provide an overview of the fundamental...The present and future energy requirements of mankind can be fulfilled with sustained research and development efforts by global scientists.The purpose of this review paper is to provide an overview of the fundamentals,recent advancements on Lithium and non-Lithium electrochemical rechargeable battery systems,and their future prospects.The initial part of this review paper is dedicated to the advancement and challenges faced by the conventional rechargeable batteries,such as lead-acid,Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries.The subsequent section of this review focuses on an in-depth analysis of two major categories of rechargeable batteries,namely lithium-based rechargeable battery systems and alternative non-Lithium rechargeable battery systems.The working principle,construction,and a few important research progress on Li-ion,Li-O_(2),Li-CO_(2) and Li-S batteries have been highlighted.The recent progress and challenges of the alternate batteries such as Na-ion,Na-S,Mg-ion,K-ion,Al-ion,Al-air,Zn-ion and Zn-air are also discussed in this review.The large gap between theoretical and practical electrochemical values for the alternate battery system must be filled by adopting a series of design architectures followed by modern instrumentation for developing next-generation batteries in a sustainable and efficient way.展开更多
Nano-sized reinforcements improved the mechanical characteristics efficiently by promoting more implicit particle hardening mechanisms compared to micron-sized reinforcements.Nano-sized particles lessen the critical p...Nano-sized reinforcements improved the mechanical characteristics efficiently by promoting more implicit particle hardening mechanisms compared to micron-sized reinforcements.Nano-sized particles lessen the critical particle solidification velocity for swamp and thus offers better dispersal.In the present investigation,the friction stir processing(FSP)is utilized to produce AZ31/Al_(2)O_(3)nanocomposites at various tool rotation speeds(i.e.,900,1200,and 1500 rpm)with an optimized 1.5%volume alumina(Al_(2)O_(3))reinforcement ratio.The mechanical and corrosion behavior of AZ31/Al_(2)O_(3)-developed nanocomposites was investigated and compared with that of the AZ31 base alloy.The AZ31 alloy experienced a comprehensive dynamic recrystallization during FSP,causing substantial grain refinement.Grain-size strengthening is the primary factor contributed to the enhancement in the strength of the fabricated nanocomposite.Tensile strength and yield strength values were lower than those for the base metal matrix,although an upward trend in both values has been observed with an increase in tool rotation speed.An 19.72%increase in hardness along with superior corrosion resistance was achieved compared to the base alloy at a tool rotational speed of 1500 rpm.The corrosion currents(Jcorr)of all samples dropped with increase in the rotational speed,in contrast to the corrosion potentials(Ecorr),which increased.The values of Jcorr of AZ31/Al_(2)O_(3)were 42.3%,56.8%,and 65.5%lower than those of AZ31 alloy at the chosen rotating speeds of 900,1200,and 1500 rpm,respectively.The corrosion behavior of friction stir processed nanocomposites have been addressed in this manuscript which has not been given sufficient attention in the existing literature.Further,this work offers an effective choice for the quality assurance of the FSP process of AZ31/Al_(2)O_(3)nanocomposites.The obtained results are relevant to the development of lightweight automobile and aerospace structures and components.展开更多
In the present scenario,tapping the unutilised hydropower potential is one of the highest priorities in developing countries of the world.Special emphasis is being imparted to run of the river(RoR)mode of power genera...In the present scenario,tapping the unutilised hydropower potential is one of the highest priorities in developing countries of the world.Special emphasis is being imparted to run of the river(RoR)mode of power generation.However,the governments are now facing the dilemma whether to promote small hydropower projects(SHPs) or encourage large hydropower projects(LHPs).RoR large hydropower projects result into large scale cutting of mountains for constructing tunnels and access roads,generation of huge quantity of muck and large scale impact on flora and fauna due to diversion of rivers/streams.On the other hand,though SHPs are claimed to be greener and more sustainable by a section of researchers and energy planners but,they will be required to be set up in large number to generate equivalent amount of electricity.The aim of this study is to rank the most sustainable installed capacity range of RoR hydropower projects.To achieve this aim,the study proposes the use of quite popular multi-criteria decision making(MCDM)method of Operation Research named Analytical Hierarchy Process.A case study has been presented from Himachal Pradesh,a hydro rich state located in the western Himalayan region.As per sustainability assessment carried out in this study,hydropower projects in the capacity range 1 to 5 MW have been ranked to be the most sustainable.展开更多
The current study evaluates the cytogenetic effects of chromium（Ⅲ） oxide nanoparticles on the root cells of Allium cepa.The root tip cells of A.cepa were treated with the aqueous dispersions of Cr2O3 nanoparticles...The current study evaluates the cytogenetic effects of chromium（Ⅲ） oxide nanoparticles on the root cells of Allium cepa.The root tip cells of A.cepa were treated with the aqueous dispersions of Cr2O3 nanoparticles（NPs） at five different concentrations（0.01,0.1,1,10,and 100 μg/m L） for 4 hr.The colloidal stability of the nanoparticle suspensions during the exposure period were ascertained by particle size analyses.After 4 hr exposure to Cr2O3 NPs,a significant decrease in mitotic index（MI） from 35.56%（Control） to 35.26%（0.01 μg/m L）,34.64%（0.1 μg/m L）,32.73%（1 μg/m L）,29.6%（10 μg/m L） and 20.92%（100 μg/m L） was noted.The optical,fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopic analyses demonstrated specific chromosomal aberrations such as-chromosome stickiness,chromosome breaks,laggard chromosome,clumped chromosome,multipolar phases,nuclear notch,and nuclear bud at different exposure concentrations.The concentration-dependent internalization/bio-uptake of Cr2O3 NPs may have contributed to the enhanced production of anti oxidant enzyme,superoxide dismutase to counteract the oxidative stress,which in turn resulted in observed chromosomal aberrations and cytogenetic effects.These results suggest that A.cepa root tip assay can be successfully applied for evaluating environmental risk of Cr2O3 NPs over a wide range of concentrations.展开更多
The present study is focused on the constitutive modeling for the mechanical behavior of rubber reinforced with filler particles.A filler-dependent energy density function is proposed with all the continuum mechanics-...The present study is focused on the constitutive modeling for the mechanical behavior of rubber reinforced with filler particles.A filler-dependent energy density function is proposed with all the continuum mechanics-based necessities of an effective hyperelastic material model.The proposed invariant-based energy function comprises a single set of material parameters for a material subjected to several modes of loading conditions.The model solution agrees well with existing experimental results.Later,the effect of varying concentrations of filler particles in the rubber matrix is also studied.展开更多
Objective:Aerva lanata (Linn) Juss ex Schult,family Amaranthaceae,is a common wayside weed.The herb is accepted by the Ayurvedic Formulary of India.This study was undertaken to establish morphoanatomic and physiochemi...Objective:Aerva lanata (Linn) Juss ex Schult,family Amaranthaceae,is a common wayside weed.The herb is accepted by the Ayurvedic Formulary of India.This study was undertaken to establish morphoanatomic and physiochemical standards of A.lanata.Methods:Leaf constants and high-performance thin layer chromatography fingerprint profiles of A.lanata were performed.Results and conclusion:The physico-chemical,morphologic,and histologic parameters presented in this paper may be proposed as standards to establish the authenticity of A.lanata and help differentiate it from other species such as Aerva tomentosa.展开更多
The design of ellipsoidal plasma mirrors(EPMs)for the PEARL laser facility is presented.The EPMs achieve a magnification of 0.32 in focal spot size,and the corresponding increase in focused intensity is expected to be...The design of ellipsoidal plasma mirrors(EPMs)for the PEARL laser facility is presented.The EPMs achieve a magnification of 0.32 in focal spot size,and the corresponding increase in focused intensity is expected to be about 8.Designing and implementing such focusing optics for short-pulse(<100 fs)systems paves the way for their use in future high-power facilities,where they can be used to achieve intensities beyond 1023W/cm^(2).A retro-imaging-based target alignment system is also described,which is used to align solid targets at the output of the ellispoidal mirrors(with a numerical aperture of 0.75 in this case).展开更多
The general characteristic equation is derived for the helically cladded step-index optical fiber. The dispersion curves are drawn for the different pitch angles Ψ and mode order ν = 1. The effect of helix pitch ang...The general characteristic equation is derived for the helically cladded step-index optical fiber. The dispersion curves are drawn for the different pitch angles Ψ and mode order ν = 1. The effect of helix pitch angle on the dispersion characteristics and also on the modal cut-off condition is examined. Except for the lowest order mode, all the modes appear in pairs. The lowest order mode displays the negative dispersion for the some value of normalized frequency V and depends on the helix pitch angle Ψ.展开更多
A single scan has been performed in Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) at a heating rate of 15oC/min under non-isothermal conditions to investigate the crystallization kinetics of glassy Se90Sb10-xAgx alloys (whe...A single scan has been performed in Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) at a heating rate of 15oC/min under non-isothermal conditions to investigate the crystallization kinetics of glassy Se90Sb10-xAgx alloys (where x = 2, 4, 6, 8). For this purpose, Handerson’s theory based on non-isothermal method for thermal analysis of single-scan DSC data has been used. The activation energy of crystallization and order parameter has been determined and composition dependence of these parameters has been discussed.展开更多
Liquid chromatography tandem mass chromatography(LC-MS/MS)is an important hyphenated technique for quantitative analysis of drugs in biological fluids.Because of high sensitivity and selectivity,LC-MS/MS has been used...Liquid chromatography tandem mass chromatography(LC-MS/MS)is an important hyphenated technique for quantitative analysis of drugs in biological fluids.Because of high sensitivity and selectivity,LC-MS/MS has been used for pharmacokinetic studies,metabolites identification in the plasma and urine.This manuscript gives comprehensive analytical review,focusing on chromatographic separation approaches(column packing materials,column length and mobile phase)as well as different acquisition modes(SIM,MRM)for quantitative analysis of glucocorticoids and stimulants.This review is not meant to be exhaustive but rather to provide a general overview for detection and confirmation of target drugs using LC-MS/MS and thus useful in the doping analysis,toxicological studies as well as in pharmaceutical analysis.展开更多
AIM:To elucidate the influence of quasispecies on virological response and disease severity in patients with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS:Forty seven patients with hepatitis C [32 with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), ...AIM:To elucidate the influence of quasispecies on virological response and disease severity in patients with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS:Forty seven patients with hepatitis C [32 with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 9 with cirrhosis, and 6 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)] were screened for the presence of quasispecies by single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis in the hypervariable region (HVR) and non-structural 5B (NS5B) viral genes of hepatitis C virus. The 41 patients excluding those with HCC were on therapy and followed up for a year with the determination of virological response and disease severity. Virus isolated from twenty three randomly selected patients (11 non-responders and 12 showing a sustained virological response) was sequenced for the assessment of mutations. RESULTS:The occurrence of quasispecies was proportionately higher in patients with HCC and cirrhosis than in those with CAH, revealing a significant correlation between the molecular evolution of quasispecies and the severity of disease in patients with hepatitis C. The occurrence of complex quasispecies has a significant association (P < 0.05) with the non-responders, and leads to persistence of infection. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in viral load (log10 IU/mL) were observed among patients infected with complex quasispecies (CQS), those infected with simple quasispecies (SQS) and those with no quasispecies (NQS), after 12 wk (CQS-5.2 ± 2.3, SQS-3.2 ± 1.9, NQS-2.8 ± 2.4) and 24 wk (CQS-3.9 ± 2.2, SQS-3.0 ± 2.2, NQS-2.1 ± 2.3) in the HVR region. However, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the viral loads of patients infected with CQS and those infected with NQS in NS5B viral gene after 24 wk (CQS-3.9 ± 2.2, SQS-3.0 ± 2.2, and NQS-2.1 ± 2.3) and 48 wk (CQS-3.1 ± 2.7, SQS-2.3 ± 2.4, NQS-2.0 ± 2.3) of therapy. Disease severity was significantly associated with viral load during therapy. The strains isolated from non-responders showed close pairing on phylogeny based on the NS5B gene, but dissimilar HVR regions. This revealed the possibility of the selection of resistant strains during the evolution of quasispecies in NS5B. CONCLUSION:Viral quasispecies may be an important predictor of virological responses to combination therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Complex quasispecies and resistant strains may lead to high viral loads during therapy, with a concerted effect on disease severity.展开更多
Wheat rust diseases are one of the major types of fungal diseases that cause substantial yield quality losses of 15%–20%every year.The wheat rust diseases are identified either through experienced evaluators or compu...Wheat rust diseases are one of the major types of fungal diseases that cause substantial yield quality losses of 15%–20%every year.The wheat rust diseases are identified either through experienced evaluators or computerassisted techniques.The experienced evaluators take time to identify the disease which is highly laborious and too costly.If wheat rust diseases are predicted at the development stages,then fungicides are sprayed earlier which helps to increase wheat yield quality.To solve the experienced evaluator issues,a combined region extraction and cross-entropy support vector machine(CE-SVM)model is proposed for wheat rust disease identification.In the proposed system,a total of 2300 secondary source images were augmented through flipping,cropping,and rotation techniques.The augmented images are preprocessed by histogram equalization.As a result,preprocessed images have been applied to region extraction convolutional neural networks(RCNN);Fast-RCNN,Faster-RCNN,and Mask-RCNN models for wheat plant patch extraction.Different layers of region extraction models construct a feature vector that is later passed to the CE-SVM model.As a result,the Gaussian kernel function in CE-SVM achieves high F1-score(88.43%)and accuracy(93.60%)for wheat stripe rust disease classification.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate anti-psoriatic activity of Coleus forskohlii in rats with imiquimod-induced psoriasis.Methods:Imiquimod was used to induce psoriasis in rats.Body weight,skin thickness,erythema,scaling,spleen wei...Objective:To evaluate anti-psoriatic activity of Coleus forskohlii in rats with imiquimod-induced psoriasis.Methods:Imiquimod was used to induce psoriasis in rats.Body weight,skin thickness,erythema,scaling,spleen weight,and histological alternations were measured to assess the effect of Coleus forskohlii.Furthermore,an emulgel formulation containing Coleus forskohlii 10%was prepared and characterized along with its ex vivo permeation studies.Results:The emulgel formulation containing Coleus forskohlii 10%had a pH of 5.40±0.36,with optimum spreadability of(31.67±2.08)g/(cm·s)and viscosity of(15966.67±1274.10)cps,and enhanced both the rate and the extent of drug permeation through psoriatic skin.In an ex vivo study,the quantity of drug permeated(19.18%),deposited(52.38%),and drug remaining in the donor compartments(28.31%)was satisfactory.Coleus forskohlii significantly alleviated imiquimod-induced psoriasis by increasing glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity,decreasing malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels,and alleviating histological alternations in rat skin.Conclusions:Coleus forskohlii can alleviate imiquimod-induced psoriasis,which may be used as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of psoriasis.展开更多
Individuals and PCs(personal computers)can be recognized using CAPTCHAs(Completely Automated Public Turing test to distinguish Computers and Humans)which are mechanized for distinguishing them.Further,CAPTCHAs are int...Individuals and PCs(personal computers)can be recognized using CAPTCHAs(Completely Automated Public Turing test to distinguish Computers and Humans)which are mechanized for distinguishing them.Further,CAPTCHAs are intended to be solved by the people,but are unsolvable by the machines.As a result,using Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)these tests can similarly be unraveled.Moreover,the CNNs quality depends majorly on:the size of preparation set and the information that the classifier is found out on.Next,it is almost unmanageable to handle issue with CNNs.A new method of detecting CAPTCHA has been proposed,which simultaneously solves the challenges like preprocessing of images,proper segmentation of CAPTCHA using strokes,and the data training.The hyper parameters such as:Recall,Precision,Accuracy,Execution time,F-Measure(H-mean)and Error Rate are used for computation and comparison.In preprocessing,image enhancement and binarization are performed based on the stroke region of the CAPTCHA.The key points of these areas are based on the SURF feature.The exploratory outcomes show that the model has a decent acknowledgment impact on CAPTCHA with foundation commotion and character grip bending.展开更多
The present article investigates an elastic instability phenomenon for internally pressurized spherical thin balloons and thin cylindrical tubes composed of incompressible hyperelastic material.A mathematical model is...The present article investigates an elastic instability phenomenon for internally pressurized spherical thin balloons and thin cylindrical tubes composed of incompressible hyperelastic material.A mathematical model is formulated by proposing a new strain energy density function.In the family of limited elastic materials,many material models exhibit strain-stiffening.However,they fail to predict severe strainstiffening in a moderate range of deformations in the stress-strain relations.The proposed energy function contains three material parameters and shows substantially improved stain stiffening properties than the limited elastic material models.The model is further applied to explore the elastic instability phenomenon in spherical and cylindrical shells.The findings are compared with other existing models and validated with experimental results.The model shows better agreement with experimental results and exhibits a substantial strain-stiffening effect than the current models.展开更多
基金Department of Chemistry,School of Applied Sciences,REVA University,Bangalore for providing seed money(RU:EST:CH:2022/20).
文摘Modifying the surface structures of g-C_(3)N_(4) through interfacial coupling with other semiconductors has been spotlighted as an efficient approach for improving photocatalytic efficiency.With the surge of S-scheme heterojunctions,the research is intensified towards designing this kind of composite for energy-environmental-related applications.In this context,a new approach involving surface modifications of g-C_(3)N_(4) through Gd species and integrating with monoclinic-WO_(3) via a wet chemical approach to form S-scheme heterojunctions is investigated.The characterization results attested that the adopted protocol promotes the better dispersion of Gd species over the g-C_(3)N_(4) surface and rigidly integrates with WO_(3).The optical response of the composite spanned a significant portion of the visible region in the solar spec-trum.The computational studies and the findings of the Mott-Schottky plot collectively suggested that the position of band edges qualifies for the formation of S-scheme heterojunction.The results derived from photocurrent response measurements and photoluminescence technique attribute to the effective charge carrier separation in the heterostructure.The rate constant of Gd-g-C_(3)N_(4)/WO_(3) was 1.48×10^(-2) min^(-1) which was approximately 4.35 and 2.27 times greater than that of WO_(3)(0.34×10^(-2) min^(-1))and g-C_(3)N_(4)/WO_(3)(0.65×10^(-2) min^(-1))respectively.Furthermore,RhB degradation in the presence of scav-engers validated the participation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals in the degradation mechanisms.This was possible only when the conduction band electrons of WO_(3) recombined with the valence band holes of Gd-modified g-C_(3)N_(4).The present work helps to understand the S-scheme heterojunction forma-tion between surface-modified g-C_(3)N_(4) and metal oxides and retain the involvement of energetic charge carriers in the desired redox reactions.
文摘Rationale:Central nervous system(CNS)actinomycosis is rare,spreading hematogenously from distant infections.Cutaneous actinomycosis with skull/meninges spread is especially unusual.Patient concerns:A 57-year-old man presented with complaints of discharge from the back of his scalp for six months,an ataxic gait,and bilateral upper and lower limb weakness and numbness over the past 4-5 months.Diagnosis:CNS actinomycosis.Interventions:Intravenous injection of ceftriaxone followed by oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid therapy.Outcomes:The patient was able to walk without support,with complete resolution of sinus discharge.Lessons:In patients presenting with discharging sinuses especially when accompanied by CNS symptoms,actinomycosis should be considered as a differential,along with tuberculosis,non-tubercular mycobacterial infection,and aspergillosis.Microbiological confirmation should be attempted wherever possible,for accurate diagnosis and treatment,as clinic-radiological picture alone may not differentiate these infections,as treatment of each is diametrically opposite and patients can be cured with timely and appropriate treatment.
基金sponsored by Prince Sattam Bin Abulaziz University(PSAU)as part of funding for its SDG Roadmap Research Funding Programme Project Number PSAU-2023-SDG-107.
文摘The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations has released seventeen goals for sustainable development and SDG No.3 is“Good Health and Well-being”,which mainly emphasizes the strategies to be adopted for maintaining a healthy life.The Monkeypox Virus disease was first reported in 1970.Since then,various health initiatives have been taken,including by the WHO.In the present work,we attempt a fractional model of Monkeypox virus disease,which we feel is crucial for a better understanding of this disease.We use the recently introduced ABC fractional derivative to closely examine the Monkeypox virus disease model.The evaluation of this model determines the existence of two equilibrium states.These two stable points exist within the model and include a disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium.The disease-free equilibrium has undergone proof to demonstrate its stability properties.The system remains stable locally and globally whenever the effective reproduction number remains below one.The effective reproduction number becoming greater than unity makes the endemic equilibrium more stable both globally and locally than unity.To comprehensively study the model’s solutions,we employ the Picard-Lindelof approach to investigate their existence and uniqueness.We investigate the Ulam-Hyers and UlamHyers Rassias stability of the fractional order nonlinear framework for the Monkeypox virus disease model.Furthermore,the approximate solutions of the ABC fractional order Monkeypox virus disease model are obtained with the help of a numerical technique combining the Lagrange polynomial interpolation and fundamental theorem of fractional calculus with the ABC fractional derivative.
文摘Pyricularia oryzae anamorph of Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most notorious fungal pathogens causing severe economic loss in rice production worldwide. Various methods, viz. cultural, biological and molecular approaches, are utilized to counteract this pathogen. Moreover, some tolerant or resistant rice varieties have been developed with the help of breeding programmes. Isolation and molecular characterization of different blast resistance genes now open the gate for new possibilities to elucidate the actual allelic variants of these genes via various molecular breeding and transgenic approaches. However, the behavioral pattern of this fungus breakups the resistance barriers in the resistant or tolerant rice varieties. This host-pathogen barrier will be possibly countered in future research by comparative genomics data from available genome sequence data of rice and M. oryzae for durable resistance. Present review emphasized fascinating recent updates, new molecular breeding approaches, transgenic and genomics approaches(i.e. mi RNA and genome editing) for the management of blast disease in rice. The updated information will be helpful for the durable, resistance breeding programme in rice against blast pathogen.
基金financially supported by High-end Foreign Expert program(G20190022002)Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.KJZDK201900102)Chongqing Construction Science and Technology Plan Project(2019-0045),that are gratefully acknowledged。
文摘This research focuses on the application of three soft computing techniques including Minimax Probability Machine Regression(MPMR),Particle Swarm Optimization based Artificial Neural Network(ANN-PSO)and Particle Swarm Optimization based Adaptive Network Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS-PSO)to study the shallow foundation reliability based on settlement criteria.Soil is a heterogeneous medium and the involvement of its attributes for geotechnical behaviour in soil-foundation system makes the prediction of settlement of shallow a complex engineering problem.This study explores the feasibility of soft computing techniques against the deterministic approach.The settlement of shallow foundation depends on the parametersγ(unit weight),e0(void ratio)and CC(compression index).These soil parameters are taken as input variables while the settlement of shallow foundation as output.To assess the performance of models,different performance indices i.e.RMSE,VAF,R^2,Bias Factor,MAPE,LMI,U(95),RSR,NS,RPD,etc.were used.From the analysis of results,it was found that MPMR model outperformed PSO-ANFIS and PSO-ANN.Therefore,MPMR can be used as a reliable soft computing technique for non-linear problems for settlement of shallow foundations on soils.
基金the Education Department of the Government of Gujarat for providing fellowships under SHODH (Sc Heme of Developing High-Quality Researchresearch,Ref No:2021013725)for researchthe financial support received from Science and Engineering Research Board,Department of Science and Technology,Government of India (CRG/2022/008719)。
文摘The present and future energy requirements of mankind can be fulfilled with sustained research and development efforts by global scientists.The purpose of this review paper is to provide an overview of the fundamentals,recent advancements on Lithium and non-Lithium electrochemical rechargeable battery systems,and their future prospects.The initial part of this review paper is dedicated to the advancement and challenges faced by the conventional rechargeable batteries,such as lead-acid,Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries.The subsequent section of this review focuses on an in-depth analysis of two major categories of rechargeable batteries,namely lithium-based rechargeable battery systems and alternative non-Lithium rechargeable battery systems.The working principle,construction,and a few important research progress on Li-ion,Li-O_(2),Li-CO_(2) and Li-S batteries have been highlighted.The recent progress and challenges of the alternate batteries such as Na-ion,Na-S,Mg-ion,K-ion,Al-ion,Al-air,Zn-ion and Zn-air are also discussed in this review.The large gap between theoretical and practical electrochemical values for the alternate battery system must be filled by adopting a series of design architectures followed by modern instrumentation for developing next-generation batteries in a sustainable and efficient way.
文摘Nano-sized reinforcements improved the mechanical characteristics efficiently by promoting more implicit particle hardening mechanisms compared to micron-sized reinforcements.Nano-sized particles lessen the critical particle solidification velocity for swamp and thus offers better dispersal.In the present investigation,the friction stir processing(FSP)is utilized to produce AZ31/Al_(2)O_(3)nanocomposites at various tool rotation speeds(i.e.,900,1200,and 1500 rpm)with an optimized 1.5%volume alumina(Al_(2)O_(3))reinforcement ratio.The mechanical and corrosion behavior of AZ31/Al_(2)O_(3)-developed nanocomposites was investigated and compared with that of the AZ31 base alloy.The AZ31 alloy experienced a comprehensive dynamic recrystallization during FSP,causing substantial grain refinement.Grain-size strengthening is the primary factor contributed to the enhancement in the strength of the fabricated nanocomposite.Tensile strength and yield strength values were lower than those for the base metal matrix,although an upward trend in both values has been observed with an increase in tool rotation speed.An 19.72%increase in hardness along with superior corrosion resistance was achieved compared to the base alloy at a tool rotational speed of 1500 rpm.The corrosion currents(Jcorr)of all samples dropped with increase in the rotational speed,in contrast to the corrosion potentials(Ecorr),which increased.The values of Jcorr of AZ31/Al_(2)O_(3)were 42.3%,56.8%,and 65.5%lower than those of AZ31 alloy at the chosen rotating speeds of 900,1200,and 1500 rpm,respectively.The corrosion behavior of friction stir processed nanocomposites have been addressed in this manuscript which has not been given sufficient attention in the existing literature.Further,this work offers an effective choice for the quality assurance of the FSP process of AZ31/Al_(2)O_(3)nanocomposites.The obtained results are relevant to the development of lightweight automobile and aerospace structures and components.
文摘In the present scenario,tapping the unutilised hydropower potential is one of the highest priorities in developing countries of the world.Special emphasis is being imparted to run of the river(RoR)mode of power generation.However,the governments are now facing the dilemma whether to promote small hydropower projects(SHPs) or encourage large hydropower projects(LHPs).RoR large hydropower projects result into large scale cutting of mountains for constructing tunnels and access roads,generation of huge quantity of muck and large scale impact on flora and fauna due to diversion of rivers/streams.On the other hand,though SHPs are claimed to be greener and more sustainable by a section of researchers and energy planners but,they will be required to be set up in large number to generate equivalent amount of electricity.The aim of this study is to rank the most sustainable installed capacity range of RoR hydropower projects.To achieve this aim,the study proposes the use of quite popular multi-criteria decision making(MCDM)method of Operation Research named Analytical Hierarchy Process.A case study has been presented from Himachal Pradesh,a hydro rich state located in the western Himalayan region.As per sustainability assessment carried out in this study,hydropower projects in the capacity range 1 to 5 MW have been ranked to be the most sustainable.
文摘The current study evaluates the cytogenetic effects of chromium（Ⅲ） oxide nanoparticles on the root cells of Allium cepa.The root tip cells of A.cepa were treated with the aqueous dispersions of Cr2O3 nanoparticles（NPs） at five different concentrations（0.01,0.1,1,10,and 100 μg/m L） for 4 hr.The colloidal stability of the nanoparticle suspensions during the exposure period were ascertained by particle size analyses.After 4 hr exposure to Cr2O3 NPs,a significant decrease in mitotic index（MI） from 35.56%（Control） to 35.26%（0.01 μg/m L）,34.64%（0.1 μg/m L）,32.73%（1 μg/m L）,29.6%（10 μg/m L） and 20.92%（100 μg/m L） was noted.The optical,fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopic analyses demonstrated specific chromosomal aberrations such as-chromosome stickiness,chromosome breaks,laggard chromosome,clumped chromosome,multipolar phases,nuclear notch,and nuclear bud at different exposure concentrations.The concentration-dependent internalization/bio-uptake of Cr2O3 NPs may have contributed to the enhanced production of anti oxidant enzyme,superoxide dismutase to counteract the oxidative stress,which in turn resulted in observed chromosomal aberrations and cytogenetic effects.These results suggest that A.cepa root tip assay can be successfully applied for evaluating environmental risk of Cr2O3 NPs over a wide range of concentrations.
文摘The present study is focused on the constitutive modeling for the mechanical behavior of rubber reinforced with filler particles.A filler-dependent energy density function is proposed with all the continuum mechanics-based necessities of an effective hyperelastic material model.The proposed invariant-based energy function comprises a single set of material parameters for a material subjected to several modes of loading conditions.The model solution agrees well with existing experimental results.Later,the effect of varying concentrations of filler particles in the rubber matrix is also studied.
基金The authors thank the Principal of Shivalik College of Pharmacy,Nangal and BITS,Ranchi for providing the facilities for this research work.Support was also provided by Capital Application Project on Clinical Characteristics of Science and Technology Commission of Beijing Municipality(No.Z111107058811056)by the Planned Project on Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine“Inheritance of 3 t 3 Program”of the Beijing Chinese Medicine Administration Bureau.
文摘Objective:Aerva lanata (Linn) Juss ex Schult,family Amaranthaceae,is a common wayside weed.The herb is accepted by the Ayurvedic Formulary of India.This study was undertaken to establish morphoanatomic and physiochemical standards of A.lanata.Methods:Leaf constants and high-performance thin layer chromatography fingerprint profiles of A.lanata were performed.Results and conclusion:The physico-chemical,morphologic,and histologic parameters presented in this paper may be proposed as standards to establish the authenticity of A.lanata and help differentiate it from other species such as Aerva tomentosa.
基金The results of Project LQ1606 were obtained with the financial support of the Ministry of Education,Youths and Sports as part of targeted support from the National Programme of Sustainability II.This research was also sponsored by the Czech Science Foundation(Project No.18-09560S)by the project High Field Initiative(CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000449)from the European Regional Development Fund(HIFI),by the project on Advanced Research Using High Intensity Laser Produced Photons and Particles(No.CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16019/0000789)from the European Regional Development Fund(ADONIS)+1 种基金by theMinistry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation under Contract No.14.Z50.31.0007.The work was also supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation(FTP Grant#14.607.21.0196,Project ID:RFMEFI60717X0196)The work of JIHT RAS team on X-ray measurements and analysis was done with financial support fromthe Russian Science Foundation(Grant#14-50-00124).
文摘The design of ellipsoidal plasma mirrors(EPMs)for the PEARL laser facility is presented.The EPMs achieve a magnification of 0.32 in focal spot size,and the corresponding increase in focused intensity is expected to be about 8.Designing and implementing such focusing optics for short-pulse(<100 fs)systems paves the way for their use in future high-power facilities,where they can be used to achieve intensities beyond 1023W/cm^(2).A retro-imaging-based target alignment system is also described,which is used to align solid targets at the output of the ellispoidal mirrors(with a numerical aperture of 0.75 in this case).
文摘The general characteristic equation is derived for the helically cladded step-index optical fiber. The dispersion curves are drawn for the different pitch angles Ψ and mode order ν = 1. The effect of helix pitch angle on the dispersion characteristics and also on the modal cut-off condition is examined. Except for the lowest order mode, all the modes appear in pairs. The lowest order mode displays the negative dispersion for the some value of normalized frequency V and depends on the helix pitch angle Ψ.
文摘A single scan has been performed in Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) at a heating rate of 15oC/min under non-isothermal conditions to investigate the crystallization kinetics of glassy Se90Sb10-xAgx alloys (where x = 2, 4, 6, 8). For this purpose, Handerson’s theory based on non-isothermal method for thermal analysis of single-scan DSC data has been used. The activation energy of crystallization and order parameter has been determined and composition dependence of these parameters has been discussed.
文摘Liquid chromatography tandem mass chromatography(LC-MS/MS)is an important hyphenated technique for quantitative analysis of drugs in biological fluids.Because of high sensitivity and selectivity,LC-MS/MS has been used for pharmacokinetic studies,metabolites identification in the plasma and urine.This manuscript gives comprehensive analytical review,focusing on chromatographic separation approaches(column packing materials,column length and mobile phase)as well as different acquisition modes(SIM,MRM)for quantitative analysis of glucocorticoids and stimulants.This review is not meant to be exhaustive but rather to provide a general overview for detection and confirmation of target drugs using LC-MS/MS and thus useful in the doping analysis,toxicological studies as well as in pharmaceutical analysis.
基金Indian Council of Medical Research No. 485/2003/ECD-I, New Delhi, India
文摘AIM:To elucidate the influence of quasispecies on virological response and disease severity in patients with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS:Forty seven patients with hepatitis C [32 with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 9 with cirrhosis, and 6 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)] were screened for the presence of quasispecies by single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis in the hypervariable region (HVR) and non-structural 5B (NS5B) viral genes of hepatitis C virus. The 41 patients excluding those with HCC were on therapy and followed up for a year with the determination of virological response and disease severity. Virus isolated from twenty three randomly selected patients (11 non-responders and 12 showing a sustained virological response) was sequenced for the assessment of mutations. RESULTS:The occurrence of quasispecies was proportionately higher in patients with HCC and cirrhosis than in those with CAH, revealing a significant correlation between the molecular evolution of quasispecies and the severity of disease in patients with hepatitis C. The occurrence of complex quasispecies has a significant association (P < 0.05) with the non-responders, and leads to persistence of infection. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in viral load (log10 IU/mL) were observed among patients infected with complex quasispecies (CQS), those infected with simple quasispecies (SQS) and those with no quasispecies (NQS), after 12 wk (CQS-5.2 ± 2.3, SQS-3.2 ± 1.9, NQS-2.8 ± 2.4) and 24 wk (CQS-3.9 ± 2.2, SQS-3.0 ± 2.2, NQS-2.1 ± 2.3) in the HVR region. However, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the viral loads of patients infected with CQS and those infected with NQS in NS5B viral gene after 24 wk (CQS-3.9 ± 2.2, SQS-3.0 ± 2.2, and NQS-2.1 ± 2.3) and 48 wk (CQS-3.1 ± 2.7, SQS-2.3 ± 2.4, NQS-2.0 ± 2.3) of therapy. Disease severity was significantly associated with viral load during therapy. The strains isolated from non-responders showed close pairing on phylogeny based on the NS5B gene, but dissimilar HVR regions. This revealed the possibility of the selection of resistant strains during the evolution of quasispecies in NS5B. CONCLUSION:Viral quasispecies may be an important predictor of virological responses to combination therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Complex quasispecies and resistant strains may lead to high viral loads during therapy, with a concerted effect on disease severity.
文摘Wheat rust diseases are one of the major types of fungal diseases that cause substantial yield quality losses of 15%–20%every year.The wheat rust diseases are identified either through experienced evaluators or computerassisted techniques.The experienced evaluators take time to identify the disease which is highly laborious and too costly.If wheat rust diseases are predicted at the development stages,then fungicides are sprayed earlier which helps to increase wheat yield quality.To solve the experienced evaluator issues,a combined region extraction and cross-entropy support vector machine(CE-SVM)model is proposed for wheat rust disease identification.In the proposed system,a total of 2300 secondary source images were augmented through flipping,cropping,and rotation techniques.The augmented images are preprocessed by histogram equalization.As a result,preprocessed images have been applied to region extraction convolutional neural networks(RCNN);Fast-RCNN,Faster-RCNN,and Mask-RCNN models for wheat plant patch extraction.Different layers of region extraction models construct a feature vector that is later passed to the CE-SVM model.As a result,the Gaussian kernel function in CE-SVM achieves high F1-score(88.43%)and accuracy(93.60%)for wheat stripe rust disease classification.
基金supported by Researchers Supporting Project number(RSPD2024R734)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Objective:To evaluate anti-psoriatic activity of Coleus forskohlii in rats with imiquimod-induced psoriasis.Methods:Imiquimod was used to induce psoriasis in rats.Body weight,skin thickness,erythema,scaling,spleen weight,and histological alternations were measured to assess the effect of Coleus forskohlii.Furthermore,an emulgel formulation containing Coleus forskohlii 10%was prepared and characterized along with its ex vivo permeation studies.Results:The emulgel formulation containing Coleus forskohlii 10%had a pH of 5.40±0.36,with optimum spreadability of(31.67±2.08)g/(cm·s)and viscosity of(15966.67±1274.10)cps,and enhanced both the rate and the extent of drug permeation through psoriatic skin.In an ex vivo study,the quantity of drug permeated(19.18%),deposited(52.38%),and drug remaining in the donor compartments(28.31%)was satisfactory.Coleus forskohlii significantly alleviated imiquimod-induced psoriasis by increasing glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity,decreasing malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels,and alleviating histological alternations in rat skin.Conclusions:Coleus forskohlii can alleviate imiquimod-induced psoriasis,which may be used as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of psoriasis.
文摘Individuals and PCs(personal computers)can be recognized using CAPTCHAs(Completely Automated Public Turing test to distinguish Computers and Humans)which are mechanized for distinguishing them.Further,CAPTCHAs are intended to be solved by the people,but are unsolvable by the machines.As a result,using Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)these tests can similarly be unraveled.Moreover,the CNNs quality depends majorly on:the size of preparation set and the information that the classifier is found out on.Next,it is almost unmanageable to handle issue with CNNs.A new method of detecting CAPTCHA has been proposed,which simultaneously solves the challenges like preprocessing of images,proper segmentation of CAPTCHA using strokes,and the data training.The hyper parameters such as:Recall,Precision,Accuracy,Execution time,F-Measure(H-mean)and Error Rate are used for computation and comparison.In preprocessing,image enhancement and binarization are performed based on the stroke region of the CAPTCHA.The key points of these areas are based on the SURF feature.The exploratory outcomes show that the model has a decent acknowledgment impact on CAPTCHA with foundation commotion and character grip bending.
文摘The present article investigates an elastic instability phenomenon for internally pressurized spherical thin balloons and thin cylindrical tubes composed of incompressible hyperelastic material.A mathematical model is formulated by proposing a new strain energy density function.In the family of limited elastic materials,many material models exhibit strain-stiffening.However,they fail to predict severe strainstiffening in a moderate range of deformations in the stress-strain relations.The proposed energy function contains three material parameters and shows substantially improved stain stiffening properties than the limited elastic material models.The model is further applied to explore the elastic instability phenomenon in spherical and cylindrical shells.The findings are compared with other existing models and validated with experimental results.The model shows better agreement with experimental results and exhibits a substantial strain-stiffening effect than the current models.
