The clinical application of hepatocyte transplantation has been significantly hindered by the scarcity of primary hepatocytes and the functional immaturity of in vitro-pro-duced hepatocytes.By performing serial alloge...The clinical application of hepatocyte transplantation has been significantly hindered by the scarcity of primary hepatocytes and the functional immaturity of in vitro-pro-duced hepatocytes.By performing serial allogeneic hepatocyte transplantation in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Fah-knockout pigs,we successfully achieved large-scale ex-pansion of hepatocytes while maintaining their authentic biological characteristics.Particularly,the established model enables sustained in vivo liver reconstruction,concurrently ameliorating hepatic fibrosis and demonstrating functional microenvi-ronmental remodeling.Moreover,through comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic profiling of 52418 hepatocytes across transplant generations(F0-F2),we discovered that the cellular composition of these transplanted hepatocytes is similar to that of wild-type hepatocytes.The regenerated liver exhibits all six major hepatic cell types identical to the wild-type counterparts,with the characteristic lobular zonation pat-terns well preserved.Our research provides valuable insights into the large-scale expansion of physiologically functional hepatocytes in vivo without compromising their biological properties.This finding holds great promise for advancing the clinical application of human hepatocyte transplantation,potentially offering more effective treatment options for patients with liver diseases.展开更多
Swine manure was typical for the combined pollution of heavy metals and antibiotics. The effects of widely used veterinary antibiotic chlortetracycline（CTC）, Cu and their combination on swine manure anaerobic digest...Swine manure was typical for the combined pollution of heavy metals and antibiotics. The effects of widely used veterinary antibiotic chlortetracycline（CTC）, Cu and their combination on swine manure anaerobic digestion performance and microbial community have never been investigated. Thus, four 2 L anaerobic digestion reactors were established including reactor A（control）, B（CTC spiked by 0.5 g/kg dry weight, dw）, C（Cu spiked by 5 g/kg dw） and D（combination of CTC, 0.5 g/kg dw, and Cu, 5 g/kg dw）, and dynamics of bacterial and archaeal community structure was investigated using high throughput sequencing method. Results showed that addition of CTC and Cu separately could increase the total biogas production by21.6% and 15.8%, respectively, while combination of CTC and Cu severely inhibited anaerobic digestion（by 30.3%）. Furthermore, corresponding to different stages and reactors, four kinds of microbes including bacteria and archaea were described in detail, and the effects of CTC, Cu and their combination mainly occurred at hydrolysis and acidification phases. The addition of Cu alone changed the dynamics of archaeal community significantly. It was genus Methanomassiliicoccus that dominated at the active methane production for A, B and D, while it was genus Methanobrevibacter and Methanoculleus for C.展开更多
Aluminum spent potlining (SPL) was employed as both the fluxing agent and a source of carbonaceous reductant for the carbothermic reduction of chromite, aiming to allow effective separation of alloy from the slag comp...Aluminum spent potlining (SPL) was employed as both the fluxing agent and a source of carbonaceous reductant for the carbothermic reduction of chromite, aiming to allow effective separation of alloy from the slag component. The experimental results show that the carbonaceous component of the SPL is more reactive towards chromite reduction compared to graphite. The formation of refractory spinel (MgAl2O4) on chromite particles hinders further reduction and alloy growth. The slag-making components of the SPL (e.g. nepheline and NaF) form molten slags at low temperatures (~1300℃) and partly dissolve the refractory spinel as well as the chromite. Destruction of the spinel layer with enhanced mass transfer greatly improves the alloy growth, which can be further promoted by reduction at a higher temperature (e.g. 1500℃). Ferrochrome alloy particles grow large enough at 1500℃ in the presence of SPL, allowing effective separation from the slag component using elutriation separation.展开更多
The slag cleaning(or matte settling) process was experimentally investigated at 1573 K using a fayalitic nickel converter slag containing spinel and matte/alloy particles.The addition of various amounts of spent potli...The slag cleaning(or matte settling) process was experimentally investigated at 1573 K using a fayalitic nickel converter slag containing spinel and matte/alloy particles.The addition of various amounts of spent potlining(SPL) was studied in terms of its influence on matte settling and the overall metal recoveries.The slags produced were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive spectroscopy,and wet chemical analysis using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.The presence of solid spinel particles in the molten slag hindered coalescence and settling of matte/alloy droplets.Matte settling was effectively promoted with the addition of as little as 2 wt% SPL because of the reduction of spinel by the carbonaceous component of the SPL.The reduced viscosity of the molten slag in the presence of SPL also contributed to the accelerated matte settling.Greater metal recoveries were achieved with larger amounts of added SPL.Fast reduction of the molten slag at 1573 K promoted the formation of highly dispersed metal particles/clusters via accelerated nucleation in the molten slag,which increased the overall slag viscosity.This increase in viscosity,when combined with rapid gas evolution from accelerated reduction reactions,led to slag foaming.展开更多
Blastocyst complementation by pluripotent stem cell(PSC)injection is believed to be the most promising method to generate xenogeneic organs.However,ethical issues prevent the study of human chimeras in the late embryo...Blastocyst complementation by pluripotent stem cell(PSC)injection is believed to be the most promising method to generate xenogeneic organs.However,ethical issues prevent the study of human chimeras in the late embryonic stage of development.Primate embryonic stem cells(ESCs),which have similar pluripotency to human ESCs,are a good model for studying interspecies chimerism and organ generation.However,whether primate ESCs can be used in xenogenous grafts remains unclear.In this study,we evaluated the chimeric ability of cynomolgus monkey(Macaca fascicularis)ESCs(cmESCs)in pigs,which are excellent hosts because of their many similarities to humans.We report an optimized culture medium that enhanced the anti-apoptotic ability of cmESCs and improved the development of chimeric embryos,in which domesticated cmESCs(D-ESCs)injected into pig blastocysts differentiated into cells of all three germ layers.In addition,we obtained two neonatal interspecies chimeras,in which we observed tissue-specific D-ESC differentiation.Taken together,the results demonstrate the capability of D-ESCs to integrate and differentiate into functional cells in a porcine model,with a chimeric ratio of 0.001-0.0001 in different neonate tissues.We believe this work will facilitate future developments in xenogeneic organogenesis,bringing us one step closer to producing tissue-specific functional cells and organs in a large animal model through interspecies blastocyst complementation.展开更多
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated gene(Cas) system is continually optimized to achieve the most efficient gene editing effect. The Cas12i^(Max), a Cas12i variant, ...The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated gene(Cas) system is continually optimized to achieve the most efficient gene editing effect. The Cas12i^(Max), a Cas12i variant, exhibits powerful DNA editing activity and enriches the gene editing toolbox. However, the application of Cas12i^(Max)in large domestic animals has not yet been reported. To verify the efficiency and feasibility of multiple gene editing in large animals, we generated porcine fibroblasts with simultaneous knockouts of IGF2, ANPEP, CD163,and MSTN via Cas12i^(Max)in one step. Phenotypically stable pigs were created through somatic cell nuclear transfer technology. They exhibited improved growth performance and muscle quality. Furthermore, we simultaneously edited three genes in bovine fibroblasts. A knockout of MSTN and PRNP was created and the amino acid Q-G in CD18 was precisely substituted. Meanwhile, no off-target phenomenon was observed by sum-type analysis or off-target detection. These results verified the effectiveness of Cas12i^(Max)for gene editing in livestock animals and demonstrated the potential application of Cas12i^(Max)in the field of animal trait improvement for agricultural production.展开更多
Development of thoracolumbar vertebra(TLV)and rib primordium(RP)is a common evolutionary feature across vertebrates,although whole-organism analysis of the expression dynamics of TLV-and RP-related genes has been lack...Development of thoracolumbar vertebra(TLV)and rib primordium(RP)is a common evolutionary feature across vertebrates,although whole-organism analysis of the expression dynamics of TLV-and RP-related genes has been lacking.Here,we investigated the single-cell transcriptome landscape of thoracic vertebra(TV),lumbar vertebra(LV),and RP cells from a pig embryo at 27 days post-fertilization(dpf)and identified six cell types with distinct gene expression signatures.In-depth dissection of the gene expression dynamics and RNA velocity revealed a coupled process of osteogenesis and angiogenesis during TLV and RP development.Further analysis of cell type-specific and strand-specific expression uncovered the extremely high level of HOXA103′-UTR sequence specific to osteoblasts of LV cells,which may function as anti-HOXA10-antisense by counteracting the HOXA10-antisense effect to determine TLV transition.Thus,this work provides a valuable resource for understanding embryonic osteogenesis and angiogenesis underlying vertebrate TLV and RP development at the cell type-specific resolution,which serves as a comprehensive view on the transcriptional profile of animal embryo development.展开更多
A cost sensitivity analysis was performed for an industrial membrane bioreactor to quantify the effects of hydraulic retention times and related operational parameters on cost.Different hydraulic retention times(72-24...A cost sensitivity analysis was performed for an industrial membrane bioreactor to quantify the effects of hydraulic retention times and related operational parameters on cost.Different hydraulic retention times(72-24 h)were subjected to a flat-sheet membrane bioreactor updated from an existing 72 h oxidation ditch treating antibiotic production wastewater.Field experimental data from the membrane bioreactor,both full-scale(500 m/d)and pilot(1.0 m3/d),were used to calculate the net present value(NPV),incorporating both capital expenditure(CAPEX)and operating expenditure.The results showed that the tank cost was estimated above membrane cost in the 38.2%,where capital expenditure contributed 24.2%more than operational expenditure.Tank construction cost was decisive in determining the net present value contributed 62.1%to the capital expenditure.The membrane bioreactor has the advantage of a longer lifespan flat-sheet membrane,while flux decline was tolerable.The antibiotics decreased to 1.87±0.33 mg/L in the MBR effluent.The upgrade to the membrane bioreactor also benefited further treatments by 10.1%-44.7%lower direct investment.展开更多
This study was carried out to reveal the browning path of ready-to-eat(RTE)crayfish tails during thermal treatment and storage using path analysis.Maillard reactions,lipid oxidation,and phenol oxidation were evaluated...This study was carried out to reveal the browning path of ready-to-eat(RTE)crayfish tails during thermal treatment and storage using path analysis.Maillard reactions,lipid oxidation,and phenol oxidation were evaluated in combination with free radical content and FTIR analysis,and direct path coefficients as well as determination coefficients were obtained based on these parameters,such as the absorbance at 294 nm(A294),5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF),thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(TBARS),and total phenols(TP).The result showed that the browning of seasoned RTE crayfish tails was ascribe to the synergistic effect of Maillard reaction and lipid oxidation by the order of determination coefficient.After the crayfish hepatopancreas were removed,the content of A294,5-HMF,TBARS,and TP declined more than 30%,specifically affecting the direct pathway from lipid oxidation to Maillard reaction and alleviating the browning.However,no significant change of color was observed in the group without thirteen-spices,while TBARS and free radical content increased by at least 16.7%.The removal of hepatopancreas and the control of Maillard reaction were deemed to be a good measure for inhibiting the non-enzymatic browning of RTE crayfish tails.展开更多
Fermentation has been found as an effective method to decrease the hypersensitive reactions of consumers by freshwater fish,but the reason is not clear.Therefore,the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ...Fermentation has been found as an effective method to decrease the hypersensitive reactions of consumers by freshwater fish,but the reason is not clear.Therefore,the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of pH and acid-activated proteases on the decrease of immunological properties of parvalbumin from freshwater fish,by the indicators of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,western blotting,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,surface hydrophobicity and circular dichroism.The results showed that black carp(Mylopharyngodon piceus)had the highest level of immunological properties reflected by quantitation,the content of linear epitopes and conformational epitopes of parvalbumin,and IgE-binding rate.Afterwards,purified parvalbumin from black carp was obtained with purity higher than 95%.Then,for acidification and enzyme models,it indicated that acid-activated proteases were the reason for the decrease of immunological properties.Ulteriorly,the mechanism on the level of protein structure was provided,which showed the decrease ofα-helix and the increase ofβ-turn and random coil,as well as the decrease of surface hydrophobicity had joint contribution for the breaking of conformational epitopes.This study could provide a novel guidance for the decrease of immunological properties of fish and promote fish processing industry further.展开更多
Flesh quality changes during postmortem condition are involved with apoptosis initiation.Therefore,flesh quality evaluation based on the alteration of apoptosis process is quite important.Mitochondria,the regulation p...Flesh quality changes during postmortem condition are involved with apoptosis initiation.Therefore,flesh quality evaluation based on the alteration of apoptosis process is quite important.Mitochondria,the regulation place of apoptosis,undergo profound changes in fish muscle during postmortem.Thus,this study aimed to investigate whether mitochondrial related parameters during apoptosis process constitutes a putative early fish freshness marker.Mitochondrial profound impairments during postmortem at 4◦C for 5 days demonstrated that the structural changes[double layer membranes and cristae,volume,swelling,membrane potential(ΔΨm),MPTP opening and membrane fluidity]and dysfunctional changes[energy deficiency and disharmony of Ca2+homeostasis]were occurred during postmortem alteration for energy deficiency and the oxidation by ROS accumulation.Study also investigated energy metabolism related products,TVB-N,lipid and protein oxidation.Compared with the insignificantly increased traditional freshness indicators(except K value)at the initial stage(day 1),the most sensitive parameters based on mitochondrial impairment were[mitochondrial swelling,depolarization ofΔΨm,and membrane fluidity].Therefore,these above parameters might be considered as suitable and early indicators for freshness evaluation.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFA0805905,2023YFC3404305 and 2024YFA1107900the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant/Award Number:XDB1150000+1 种基金the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research,Grant/Award Number:YSBR-012Bingtuan Science and Technology Project,Grant/Award Number:NYHXGG2023AA01。
文摘The clinical application of hepatocyte transplantation has been significantly hindered by the scarcity of primary hepatocytes and the functional immaturity of in vitro-pro-duced hepatocytes.By performing serial allogeneic hepatocyte transplantation in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Fah-knockout pigs,we successfully achieved large-scale ex-pansion of hepatocytes while maintaining their authentic biological characteristics.Particularly,the established model enables sustained in vivo liver reconstruction,concurrently ameliorating hepatic fibrosis and demonstrating functional microenvi-ronmental remodeling.Moreover,through comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic profiling of 52418 hepatocytes across transplant generations(F0-F2),we discovered that the cellular composition of these transplanted hepatocytes is similar to that of wild-type hepatocytes.The regenerated liver exhibits all six major hepatic cell types identical to the wild-type counterparts,with the characteristic lobular zonation pat-terns well preserved.Our research provides valuable insights into the large-scale expansion of physiologically functional hepatocytes in vivo without compromising their biological properties.This finding holds great promise for advancing the clinical application of human hepatocyte transplantation,potentially offering more effective treatment options for patients with liver diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21377151,21577161 and 21677161)the State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control of China(No.16Z04ESPCR)+1 种基金the National Major Science&Technology Projects for Water Pollution Control and Management of China(No.2015ZX07203-007)the National Key R&D program(No.2016YFD0501405)
文摘Swine manure was typical for the combined pollution of heavy metals and antibiotics. The effects of widely used veterinary antibiotic chlortetracycline（CTC）, Cu and their combination on swine manure anaerobic digestion performance and microbial community have never been investigated. Thus, four 2 L anaerobic digestion reactors were established including reactor A（control）, B（CTC spiked by 0.5 g/kg dry weight, dw）, C（Cu spiked by 5 g/kg dw） and D（combination of CTC, 0.5 g/kg dw, and Cu, 5 g/kg dw）, and dynamics of bacterial and archaeal community structure was investigated using high throughput sequencing method. Results showed that addition of CTC and Cu separately could increase the total biogas production by21.6% and 15.8%, respectively, while combination of CTC and Cu severely inhibited anaerobic digestion（by 30.3%）. Furthermore, corresponding to different stages and reactors, four kinds of microbes including bacteria and archaea were described in detail, and the effects of CTC, Cu and their combination mainly occurred at hydrolysis and acidification phases. The addition of Cu alone changed the dynamics of archaeal community significantly. It was genus Methanomassiliicoccus that dominated at the active methane production for A, B and D, while it was genus Methanobrevibacter and Methanoculleus for C.
基金funded by NRCan under the Rare Earth Elements and Chromite R&D Program
文摘Aluminum spent potlining (SPL) was employed as both the fluxing agent and a source of carbonaceous reductant for the carbothermic reduction of chromite, aiming to allow effective separation of alloy from the slag component. The experimental results show that the carbonaceous component of the SPL is more reactive towards chromite reduction compared to graphite. The formation of refractory spinel (MgAl2O4) on chromite particles hinders further reduction and alloy growth. The slag-making components of the SPL (e.g. nepheline and NaF) form molten slags at low temperatures (~1300℃) and partly dissolve the refractory spinel as well as the chromite. Destruction of the spinel layer with enhanced mass transfer greatly improves the alloy growth, which can be further promoted by reduction at a higher temperature (e.g. 1500℃). Ferrochrome alloy particles grow large enough at 1500℃ in the presence of SPL, allowing effective separation from the slag component using elutriation separation.
文摘The slag cleaning(or matte settling) process was experimentally investigated at 1573 K using a fayalitic nickel converter slag containing spinel and matte/alloy particles.The addition of various amounts of spent potlining(SPL) was studied in terms of its influence on matte settling and the overall metal recoveries.The slags produced were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive spectroscopy,and wet chemical analysis using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.The presence of solid spinel particles in the molten slag hindered coalescence and settling of matte/alloy droplets.Matte settling was effectively promoted with the addition of as little as 2 wt% SPL because of the reduction of spinel by the carbonaceous component of the SPL.The reduced viscosity of the molten slag in the presence of SPL also contributed to the accelerated matte settling.Greater metal recoveries were achieved with larger amounts of added SPL.Fast reduction of the molten slag at 1573 K promoted the formation of highly dispersed metal particles/clusters via accelerated nucleation in the molten slag,which increased the overall slag viscosity.This increase in viscosity,when combined with rapid gas evolution from accelerated reduction reactions,led to slag foaming.
基金This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA16030400 to W.L.)the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFA0100202 and 2017YFA0104401 to T.H.,2018YFA0109701 to R.F.)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31621004 to Q.Z.and W.L.,31571533 to H.W.,and 31701286 to G.F.)the Key Research Projects of the Frontier Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDY-SSWSMC002 to Q.Z.).
文摘Blastocyst complementation by pluripotent stem cell(PSC)injection is believed to be the most promising method to generate xenogeneic organs.However,ethical issues prevent the study of human chimeras in the late embryonic stage of development.Primate embryonic stem cells(ESCs),which have similar pluripotency to human ESCs,are a good model for studying interspecies chimerism and organ generation.However,whether primate ESCs can be used in xenogenous grafts remains unclear.In this study,we evaluated the chimeric ability of cynomolgus monkey(Macaca fascicularis)ESCs(cmESCs)in pigs,which are excellent hosts because of their many similarities to humans.We report an optimized culture medium that enhanced the anti-apoptotic ability of cmESCs and improved the development of chimeric embryos,in which domesticated cmESCs(D-ESCs)injected into pig blastocysts differentiated into cells of all three germ layers.In addition,we obtained two neonatal interspecies chimeras,in which we observed tissue-specific D-ESC differentiation.Taken together,the results demonstrate the capability of D-ESCs to integrate and differentiate into functional cells in a porcine model,with a chimeric ratio of 0.001-0.0001 in different neonate tissues.We believe this work will facilitate future developments in xenogeneic organogenesis,bringing us one step closer to producing tissue-specific functional cells and organs in a large animal model through interspecies blastocyst complementation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFE0201100,2021YFA0805905,2021YFA0805701,2022YFA1103101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102549)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of Ningxia(2021BEF02023)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-36)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP-IAS06)the project from The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and Foundation of State Key Laboratory for Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production(2021ZD04)。
文摘The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated gene(Cas) system is continually optimized to achieve the most efficient gene editing effect. The Cas12i^(Max), a Cas12i variant, exhibits powerful DNA editing activity and enriches the gene editing toolbox. However, the application of Cas12i^(Max)in large domestic animals has not yet been reported. To verify the efficiency and feasibility of multiple gene editing in large animals, we generated porcine fibroblasts with simultaneous knockouts of IGF2, ANPEP, CD163,and MSTN via Cas12i^(Max)in one step. Phenotypically stable pigs were created through somatic cell nuclear transfer technology. They exhibited improved growth performance and muscle quality. Furthermore, we simultaneously edited three genes in bovine fibroblasts. A knockout of MSTN and PRNP was created and the amino acid Q-G in CD18 was precisely substituted. Meanwhile, no off-target phenomenon was observed by sum-type analysis or off-target detection. These results verified the effectiveness of Cas12i^(Max)for gene editing in livestock animals and demonstrated the potential application of Cas12i^(Max)in the field of animal trait improvement for agricultural production.
基金This work was supported by the Strategic Pioneer Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA24010107)the Ministry of Agriculture of China(Grant No.2016ZX08009003-006)+2 种基金the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-35)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project,China(Grant No.ASTIP-IAS02)This work was supported by the Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Chinese Academy of Sciences(the Large Research Infrastructure Funding).
文摘Development of thoracolumbar vertebra(TLV)and rib primordium(RP)is a common evolutionary feature across vertebrates,although whole-organism analysis of the expression dynamics of TLV-and RP-related genes has been lacking.Here,we investigated the single-cell transcriptome landscape of thoracic vertebra(TV),lumbar vertebra(LV),and RP cells from a pig embryo at 27 days post-fertilization(dpf)and identified six cell types with distinct gene expression signatures.In-depth dissection of the gene expression dynamics and RNA velocity revealed a coupled process of osteogenesis and angiogenesis during TLV and RP development.Further analysis of cell type-specific and strand-specific expression uncovered the extremely high level of HOXA103′-UTR sequence specific to osteoblasts of LV cells,which may function as anti-HOXA10-antisense by counteracting the HOXA10-antisense effect to determine TLV transition.Thus,this work provides a valuable resource for understanding embryonic osteogenesis and angiogenesis underlying vertebrate TLV and RP development at the cell type-specific resolution,which serves as a comprehensive view on the transcriptional profile of animal embryo development.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFD0501405)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21677161)Major Science&Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment of China(Nos.2017ZX07102-002 and 2018ZX07105-001).
文摘A cost sensitivity analysis was performed for an industrial membrane bioreactor to quantify the effects of hydraulic retention times and related operational parameters on cost.Different hydraulic retention times(72-24 h)were subjected to a flat-sheet membrane bioreactor updated from an existing 72 h oxidation ditch treating antibiotic production wastewater.Field experimental data from the membrane bioreactor,both full-scale(500 m/d)and pilot(1.0 m3/d),were used to calculate the net present value(NPV),incorporating both capital expenditure(CAPEX)and operating expenditure.The results showed that the tank cost was estimated above membrane cost in the 38.2%,where capital expenditure contributed 24.2%more than operational expenditure.Tank construction cost was decisive in determining the net present value contributed 62.1%to the capital expenditure.The membrane bioreactor has the advantage of a longer lifespan flat-sheet membrane,while flux decline was tolerable.The antibiotics decreased to 1.87±0.33 mg/L in the MBR effluent.The upgrade to the membrane bioreactor also benefited further treatments by 10.1%-44.7%lower direct investment.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1606002).
文摘This study was carried out to reveal the browning path of ready-to-eat(RTE)crayfish tails during thermal treatment and storage using path analysis.Maillard reactions,lipid oxidation,and phenol oxidation were evaluated in combination with free radical content and FTIR analysis,and direct path coefficients as well as determination coefficients were obtained based on these parameters,such as the absorbance at 294 nm(A294),5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF),thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(TBARS),and total phenols(TP).The result showed that the browning of seasoned RTE crayfish tails was ascribe to the synergistic effect of Maillard reaction and lipid oxidation by the order of determination coefficient.After the crayfish hepatopancreas were removed,the content of A294,5-HMF,TBARS,and TP declined more than 30%,specifically affecting the direct pathway from lipid oxidation to Maillard reaction and alleviating the browning.However,no significant change of color was observed in the group without thirteen-spices,while TBARS and free radical content increased by at least 16.7%.The removal of hepatopancreas and the control of Maillard reaction were deemed to be a good measure for inhibiting the non-enzymatic browning of RTE crayfish tails.
基金financially supported by the earmarked fund for Jiangsu Key R&D Project(BE2021319)Jiangsu Natural Science Fund(BK20170185)+1 种基金the earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System(JATS[2022]507)China Agricultures Research System(CARS-45).
文摘Fermentation has been found as an effective method to decrease the hypersensitive reactions of consumers by freshwater fish,but the reason is not clear.Therefore,the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of pH and acid-activated proteases on the decrease of immunological properties of parvalbumin from freshwater fish,by the indicators of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,western blotting,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,surface hydrophobicity and circular dichroism.The results showed that black carp(Mylopharyngodon piceus)had the highest level of immunological properties reflected by quantitation,the content of linear epitopes and conformational epitopes of parvalbumin,and IgE-binding rate.Afterwards,purified parvalbumin from black carp was obtained with purity higher than 95%.Then,for acidification and enzyme models,it indicated that acid-activated proteases were the reason for the decrease of immunological properties.Ulteriorly,the mechanism on the level of protein structure was provided,which showed the decrease ofα-helix and the increase ofβ-turn and random coil,as well as the decrease of surface hydrophobicity had joint contribution for the breaking of conformational epitopes.This study could provide a novel guidance for the decrease of immunological properties of fish and promote fish processing industry further.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 32102028)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-45-27)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190588)Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System(JATS[2021]508).
文摘Flesh quality changes during postmortem condition are involved with apoptosis initiation.Therefore,flesh quality evaluation based on the alteration of apoptosis process is quite important.Mitochondria,the regulation place of apoptosis,undergo profound changes in fish muscle during postmortem.Thus,this study aimed to investigate whether mitochondrial related parameters during apoptosis process constitutes a putative early fish freshness marker.Mitochondrial profound impairments during postmortem at 4◦C for 5 days demonstrated that the structural changes[double layer membranes and cristae,volume,swelling,membrane potential(ΔΨm),MPTP opening and membrane fluidity]and dysfunctional changes[energy deficiency and disharmony of Ca2+homeostasis]were occurred during postmortem alteration for energy deficiency and the oxidation by ROS accumulation.Study also investigated energy metabolism related products,TVB-N,lipid and protein oxidation.Compared with the insignificantly increased traditional freshness indicators(except K value)at the initial stage(day 1),the most sensitive parameters based on mitochondrial impairment were[mitochondrial swelling,depolarization ofΔΨm,and membrane fluidity].Therefore,these above parameters might be considered as suitable and early indicators for freshness evaluation.
