High-pressure and high-temperature(HPHT)experiments in large-volume presses(LVPs)benefit from reliable,available,and affordable heaters to achieve stable and homogeneous heating and,in some circumstances,X-ray transpa...High-pressure and high-temperature(HPHT)experiments in large-volume presses(LVPs)benefit from reliable,available,and affordable heaters to achieve stable and homogeneous heating and,in some circumstances,X-ray transparency for monitoring of properties of an in situ experiment using X-ray diffraction and contrast imaging techniques.We have developed heaters meeting the above requirements,and we screen the ternary system TiB2–SiC–hexagonal(h)BN(denoted as TSB)to enable manufacture of X-ray transparent heaters for HPHT runs.Heaters fabricated using optimized TSB-631(60%TiB2–30%SiC–10%hBN by weight)have been tested in modified truncated assemblies,showing excellent performance up to 22 GPa and 2395 K in HPHT runs.TSB-631 has good ceramic machinability,outstanding reproducibility,high stability,and negligible temperature gradient for runs at 3–7 GPa with cell assemblies with truncated edge lengths of 8–12 mm.The fabricated heaters not only show excellent performance in HPHT runs,but also demonstrate high X-ray transparency over a wide X-ray wavelength region,indicating potential applications for in situ X-ray diffraction/imaging under HPHT conditions in LVPs and other high-pressure apparatus.展开更多
Objectives:Sleep loss decreases working memory(WM)performance in young adults.The mechanisms that regulate WM performance during sleep loss are integrative and likely depend on the duration of perturbed sleep.The aim ...Objectives:Sleep loss decreases working memory(WM)performance in young adults.The mechanisms that regulate WM performance during sleep loss are integrative and likely depend on the duration of perturbed sleep.The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of a single night of partial sleep restriction(PSR)on WM,and the extent to which factors such as cardiorespiratory fitness and brainderived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)influence WM performance following one night of PSR.Methods:We measured WM performance after one night of PSR in twenty-two young adults(n=13 females)with otherwise normal sleep habits.Participants completed an N-back test following one night of normal sleep(6–9 h sleep duration)and after one night of PSR(3 h sleep duration).To account for learning effects due to repeated cognitive testing,a time-matched normal sleep control group was also collected(n=22).Plasma BDNF was measured after normal sleep and PSR.Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed via an incremental test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer.Results:3-back reaction time was slightly slower after PSR compared to the control group(P_(Interaction)=0.038;η_(p)^(2)=0.10).No changes in BDNF were observed between sleep conditions(p=0.720;Cohen’s d=−0.04).WMperformance after acute PSR was inversely related to cardiorespiratory fitness(p=0.025;Pearson’s r=-0.48);and these associations were observed without changes in plasma BDNF.Conclusions:Our data suggest that a single night of PSR may acutely impair WM in young adults and contribute to an understanding about the incipient cognitive consequences of shortened sleep.展开更多
This erratum1 is issued by the authors to note that the caption of Fig.10 refers the reader to Table III in the published version of the manuscript,while the correct reference is to Table II.REFERENCE 1D.Walker and J....This erratum1 is issued by the authors to note that the caption of Fig.10 refers the reader to Table III in the published version of the manuscript,while the correct reference is to Table II.REFERENCE 1D.Walker and J.Li,“Castable solid pressure media for multianvil devices,”Matter Radiat.Extremes 5,018402(2020).展开更多
Castable solids from Aremco(http://www.aremco.com/potting-casting-materials/)are convenient media for pressure transmission in multianvil geometries of complex shape.A zirconia-based castable ceramic,Aremco Ceramacast...Castable solids from Aremco(http://www.aremco.com/potting-casting-materials/)are convenient media for pressure transmission in multianvil geometries of complex shape.A zirconia-based castable ceramic,Aremco Ceramacast 646,is introduced and compared to MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-based Aremco Ceramacast 584.Ceramacast 646 has some advantages over the widely used Ceramacast 584;these include ease of consistent fabrication and better thermal insulation.Some disadvantages are poorer efficiency in converting press thrust to sample pressure and slower quenching rates.Potential applications are informed by these differences.展开更多
Corn harvested as grain is a relatively new crop for the province of New Brunswick. The recent availability of local corn has the potential to improve the sustainability of the dairy industry in New Brunswick, but the...Corn harvested as grain is a relatively new crop for the province of New Brunswick. The recent availability of local corn has the potential to improve the sustainability of the dairy industry in New Brunswick, but there is debate within the industry concerning the value and best use of the grain. This experiment was conducted to assess the feeding value of locally-produced corn grain stored as dry grain, ensiled high moisture corn, or ensiled as high moisture corncob meal (HMCCM, unhusked ears sometimes referred to as snaplage) relative to dry grain obtained from Ontario. Three samples of each were evaluated In Sacco. Rates and extent of digestion were similar for local and Ontario corn regardless of presentation for crude protein and starch, but acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and dry matter digestibility values were lower for HMCCM than other treatments. A 4 × 4 Latin square study was conducted with 16 Holstein cows and 28 day feeding periods. Milk production and milk protein production were higher (P < 0.05) with the locally produced dry corn than with other treatments. Energy corrected milk was lowest with the HMCCM diet. These results indicated that the value of corn produced in New Brunswick is similar to that produced in Ontario.展开更多
Several recent business reports have described the global growth in demand for optical and photonic components,paralleled by technical reports on the growing shortage of skilled manufacturing staff to meet this demand...Several recent business reports have described the global growth in demand for optical and photonic components,paralleled by technical reports on the growing shortage of skilled manufacturing staff to meet this demand.It is remarkable that producing ultraprecision surfaces remains so dependent on people,in contrast to other sectors of the economy,e.g.,car manufacturing.Clearly,training can play some role,but ultimately,only process automation can provide the solution.This paper explores why automation is a challenge and summarizes multidisciplinary work aiming to assemble the building blocks required to realize automation.展开更多
The novel lead-free ferroelectric relaxor system x(Bi(Zn_(2/3) Nb_(1/3))O_(3))(1−x)BaTiO3(xBZN(1−x)BT)has received interest as a high-capacity relaxor dielectric material.Small quantities(<10.0 mol.%)of BZN-based d...The novel lead-free ferroelectric relaxor system x(Bi(Zn_(2/3) Nb_(1/3))O_(3))(1−x)BaTiO3(xBZN(1−x)BT)has received interest as a high-capacity relaxor dielectric material.Small quantities(<10.0 mol.%)of BZN-based dopant had significant impacts on the structure of the BaTiO_(3) host.This study evaluates the effect of BZN additions to the BaTiO_(3) host up to xBZN=10.0%.Initial additions of BZN were observed to stabilize tetragonal and orthorhombic coexistence at 295 K,alongside increasing dielectric constant.Peak dielectric constant and polarization were observed at x<4.0%,coinciding with maximum orthorhombic intensity and a local minima in tetragonal intensity.Compositions 0<x<4.0%showed increasing polarization and a drop in Tm and classi-cal ferroelectric properties.No significant dielectric dispersion was observed for compositions x<4.0%over the frequency range 5-640 kHz.Compositions at x>4.0%showed the onset of dielectric relaxation alongside a drop in polarization coincident with a drop in the tetragonal c_(T)/a_(T) ratio and the onset of the cubic phase at 295 K.Peak piezoelectric,dielectric and polarization values occurred over the range 3.8%<x<4.0%,alongside maximum orthorhombic intensity.Subsequent BZN additions showed a rapid onset of dielectric relaxation,alongside an increase in cubic intensity and a continuous drop in T_(m) with a minima near x=7.0%.Tetragonal presence at 295 K also vanished to zero at x=7.0%.Polarization loops ceased showing ferroelectric characteristics at x>5.0%,showing a transition from lossy relaxor dielectric to low-loss relaxor dielectric at x>10.0%.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22090041 and 22401297)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2022B1515120014).
文摘High-pressure and high-temperature(HPHT)experiments in large-volume presses(LVPs)benefit from reliable,available,and affordable heaters to achieve stable and homogeneous heating and,in some circumstances,X-ray transparency for monitoring of properties of an in situ experiment using X-ray diffraction and contrast imaging techniques.We have developed heaters meeting the above requirements,and we screen the ternary system TiB2–SiC–hexagonal(h)BN(denoted as TSB)to enable manufacture of X-ray transparent heaters for HPHT runs.Heaters fabricated using optimized TSB-631(60%TiB2–30%SiC–10%hBN by weight)have been tested in modified truncated assemblies,showing excellent performance up to 22 GPa and 2395 K in HPHT runs.TSB-631 has good ceramic machinability,outstanding reproducibility,high stability,and negligible temperature gradient for runs at 3–7 GPa with cell assemblies with truncated edge lengths of 8–12 mm.The fabricated heaters not only show excellent performance in HPHT runs,but also demonstrate high X-ray transparency over a wide X-ray wavelength region,indicating potential applications for in situ X-ray diffraction/imaging under HPHT conditions in LVPs and other high-pressure apparatus.
基金supported by an Ontario Graduate Scholarship(OGS)funded by the Natural Engineering and Sciences Research Council of Canada(NSERC DG:#20011033)+1 种基金funded by the Natural Engineering and Sciences Research Council of Canada(NSERC DG:RGPIN-2021-03522)Canada Foundation for Innovation(CFI John R.Evans Leader’s Fund).
文摘Objectives:Sleep loss decreases working memory(WM)performance in young adults.The mechanisms that regulate WM performance during sleep loss are integrative and likely depend on the duration of perturbed sleep.The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of a single night of partial sleep restriction(PSR)on WM,and the extent to which factors such as cardiorespiratory fitness and brainderived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)influence WM performance following one night of PSR.Methods:We measured WM performance after one night of PSR in twenty-two young adults(n=13 females)with otherwise normal sleep habits.Participants completed an N-back test following one night of normal sleep(6–9 h sleep duration)and after one night of PSR(3 h sleep duration).To account for learning effects due to repeated cognitive testing,a time-matched normal sleep control group was also collected(n=22).Plasma BDNF was measured after normal sleep and PSR.Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed via an incremental test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer.Results:3-back reaction time was slightly slower after PSR compared to the control group(P_(Interaction)=0.038;η_(p)^(2)=0.10).No changes in BDNF were observed between sleep conditions(p=0.720;Cohen’s d=−0.04).WMperformance after acute PSR was inversely related to cardiorespiratory fitness(p=0.025;Pearson’s r=-0.48);and these associations were observed without changes in plasma BDNF.Conclusions:Our data suggest that a single night of PSR may acutely impair WM in young adults and contribute to an understanding about the incipient cognitive consequences of shortened sleep.
文摘This erratum1 is issued by the authors to note that the caption of Fig.10 refers the reader to Table III in the published version of the manuscript,while the correct reference is to Table II.REFERENCE 1D.Walker and J.Li,“Castable solid pressure media for multianvil devices,”Matter Radiat.Extremes 5,018402(2020).
文摘Castable solids from Aremco(http://www.aremco.com/potting-casting-materials/)are convenient media for pressure transmission in multianvil geometries of complex shape.A zirconia-based castable ceramic,Aremco Ceramacast 646,is introduced and compared to MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-based Aremco Ceramacast 584.Ceramacast 646 has some advantages over the widely used Ceramacast 584;these include ease of consistent fabrication and better thermal insulation.Some disadvantages are poorer efficiency in converting press thrust to sample pressure and slower quenching rates.Potential applications are informed by these differences.
文摘Corn harvested as grain is a relatively new crop for the province of New Brunswick. The recent availability of local corn has the potential to improve the sustainability of the dairy industry in New Brunswick, but there is debate within the industry concerning the value and best use of the grain. This experiment was conducted to assess the feeding value of locally-produced corn grain stored as dry grain, ensiled high moisture corn, or ensiled as high moisture corncob meal (HMCCM, unhusked ears sometimes referred to as snaplage) relative to dry grain obtained from Ontario. Three samples of each were evaluated In Sacco. Rates and extent of digestion were similar for local and Ontario corn regardless of presentation for crude protein and starch, but acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and dry matter digestibility values were lower for HMCCM than other treatments. A 4 × 4 Latin square study was conducted with 16 Holstein cows and 28 day feeding periods. Milk production and milk protein production were higher (P < 0.05) with the locally produced dry corn than with other treatments. Energy corrected milk was lowest with the HMCCM diet. These results indicated that the value of corn produced in New Brunswick is similar to that produced in Ontario.
基金Funding was provided by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(Grant Nos.EP/V029304/1,EP/V029274/1,EP/V029266/1,EP/V029401/1)Innovate UK(Grant No.10029272).
文摘Several recent business reports have described the global growth in demand for optical and photonic components,paralleled by technical reports on the growing shortage of skilled manufacturing staff to meet this demand.It is remarkable that producing ultraprecision surfaces remains so dependent on people,in contrast to other sectors of the economy,e.g.,car manufacturing.Clearly,training can play some role,but ultimately,only process automation can provide the solution.This paper explores why automation is a challenge and summarizes multidisciplinary work aiming to assemble the building blocks required to realize automation.
文摘The novel lead-free ferroelectric relaxor system x(Bi(Zn_(2/3) Nb_(1/3))O_(3))(1−x)BaTiO3(xBZN(1−x)BT)has received interest as a high-capacity relaxor dielectric material.Small quantities(<10.0 mol.%)of BZN-based dopant had significant impacts on the structure of the BaTiO_(3) host.This study evaluates the effect of BZN additions to the BaTiO_(3) host up to xBZN=10.0%.Initial additions of BZN were observed to stabilize tetragonal and orthorhombic coexistence at 295 K,alongside increasing dielectric constant.Peak dielectric constant and polarization were observed at x<4.0%,coinciding with maximum orthorhombic intensity and a local minima in tetragonal intensity.Compositions 0<x<4.0%showed increasing polarization and a drop in Tm and classi-cal ferroelectric properties.No significant dielectric dispersion was observed for compositions x<4.0%over the frequency range 5-640 kHz.Compositions at x>4.0%showed the onset of dielectric relaxation alongside a drop in polarization coincident with a drop in the tetragonal c_(T)/a_(T) ratio and the onset of the cubic phase at 295 K.Peak piezoelectric,dielectric and polarization values occurred over the range 3.8%<x<4.0%,alongside maximum orthorhombic intensity.Subsequent BZN additions showed a rapid onset of dielectric relaxation,alongside an increase in cubic intensity and a continuous drop in T_(m) with a minima near x=7.0%.Tetragonal presence at 295 K also vanished to zero at x=7.0%.Polarization loops ceased showing ferroelectric characteristics at x>5.0%,showing a transition from lossy relaxor dielectric to low-loss relaxor dielectric at x>10.0%.
