Ruminant livestock provide a rich source of products,such as meat,milk,and wool,and play a critical role in global food security and nutrition.Over the past few decades,genomic studies of ruminant livestock have provi...Ruminant livestock provide a rich source of products,such as meat,milk,and wool,and play a critical role in global food security and nutrition.Over the past few decades,genomic studies of ruminant livestock have provided valuable insights into their domestication and the genetic basis of economically important traits,facilitating the breeding of elite varieties.In this review,we summarize the main advancements for domestic ruminants in reference genome assemblies,population genomics,and the identification of functional genes or variants for phenotypic traits.These traits include meat and carcass quality,reproduction,milk production,feed efficiency,wool and cashmere yield,horn development,tail type,coat color,environmental adaptation,and disease resistance.Functional genomic research is entering a new era with the advancements of graphical pangenomics and telomere-to-telomere(T2T)gap-free genome assembly.These advancements promise to improve our understanding of domestication and the molecular mechanisms underlying economically important traits in ruminant livestock.Finally,we provide new perspectives and future directions for genomic research on ruminant genomes.We suggest how ever-increasing multiomics datasets will facilitate future studies and molecular breeding in livestock,including the potential to uncover novel genetic mechanisms underlying phenotypic traits,to enable more accurate genomic prediction models,and to accelerate genetic improvement programs.展开更多
基金supported by the Project of Northern Agriculture and Livestock Husbandry Technology Innovation Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(BFGJ2022002)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1200900,2023YFF1001003,and 2023YFF1000900)+3 种基金Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0407106)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102511,31661143014,31972527,32320103006,and 32272845)Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2024TC162)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2023-NHLHCRF-YXHZ-TJMS-09)。
文摘Ruminant livestock provide a rich source of products,such as meat,milk,and wool,and play a critical role in global food security and nutrition.Over the past few decades,genomic studies of ruminant livestock have provided valuable insights into their domestication and the genetic basis of economically important traits,facilitating the breeding of elite varieties.In this review,we summarize the main advancements for domestic ruminants in reference genome assemblies,population genomics,and the identification of functional genes or variants for phenotypic traits.These traits include meat and carcass quality,reproduction,milk production,feed efficiency,wool and cashmere yield,horn development,tail type,coat color,environmental adaptation,and disease resistance.Functional genomic research is entering a new era with the advancements of graphical pangenomics and telomere-to-telomere(T2T)gap-free genome assembly.These advancements promise to improve our understanding of domestication and the molecular mechanisms underlying economically important traits in ruminant livestock.Finally,we provide new perspectives and future directions for genomic research on ruminant genomes.We suggest how ever-increasing multiomics datasets will facilitate future studies and molecular breeding in livestock,including the potential to uncover novel genetic mechanisms underlying phenotypic traits,to enable more accurate genomic prediction models,and to accelerate genetic improvement programs.
