Betula L.(birch)is a pioneer hardwood tree species with ecological,economic,and evolutionary importance in the Northern Hemisphere.We sequenced the Betula platyphylla genome and assembled the sequences into 14 chromos...Betula L.(birch)is a pioneer hardwood tree species with ecological,economic,and evolutionary importance in the Northern Hemisphere.We sequenced the Betula platyphylla genome and assembled the sequences into 14 chromosomes.The Betula genome lacks evidence of recent whole-genome duplication and has the same paleoploidy level as Vitis vinifera and Prunus mume.Phylogenetic analysis of lignin pathway genes coupled with tissue-specific expression patterns provided clues for understanding the formation of higher ratios of syringyl to guaiacyl lignin observed in Betula species.Our transcriptome analysis of leaf tissues under a time-series cold stress experiment revealed the presence of the MEKK1–MKK2–MPK4 cascade and six additional mitogen-activated protein kinases that can be linked to a gene regulatory network involving many transcription factors and cold tolerance genes.Our genomic and transcriptome analyses provide insight into the structures,features,and evolution of the B.platyphylla genome.The chromosome-level genome and gene resources of B.platyphylla obtained in this study will facilitate the identification of important and essential genes governing important traits of trees and genetic improvement of B.platyphylla.展开更多
As genomes evolve over hundreds of millions years,the chromosomes become rearranged,with segments of some chromosomes inverted,while other chromosomes reciprocally exchange chunks from their ends.These rearrangements ...As genomes evolve over hundreds of millions years,the chromosomes become rearranged,with segments of some chromosomes inverted,while other chromosomes reciprocally exchange chunks from their ends.These rearrangements lead to the scrambling of the elements of one genome with respect to another descended from a common ancestor.Multidisciplinary work undertakes to mathematically model these processes and to develop statistical analyses and mathematical algorithms to understand the scrambling in the chromosomes of two or more related genomes.A major focus is the reconstruction of the gene order of the ancestral genomes.展开更多
基金Forestry Industry Research Special Funds for Public Welfare Projects(No.201004046)the National High Technology Research and Development Program(“863”Program)of China(2011AA100202)+1 种基金Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program(Tree Genetics and Breeding Innovation Team)the 111 Project(B16010).
文摘Betula L.(birch)is a pioneer hardwood tree species with ecological,economic,and evolutionary importance in the Northern Hemisphere.We sequenced the Betula platyphylla genome and assembled the sequences into 14 chromosomes.The Betula genome lacks evidence of recent whole-genome duplication and has the same paleoploidy level as Vitis vinifera and Prunus mume.Phylogenetic analysis of lignin pathway genes coupled with tissue-specific expression patterns provided clues for understanding the formation of higher ratios of syringyl to guaiacyl lignin observed in Betula species.Our transcriptome analysis of leaf tissues under a time-series cold stress experiment revealed the presence of the MEKK1–MKK2–MPK4 cascade and six additional mitogen-activated protein kinases that can be linked to a gene regulatory network involving many transcription factors and cold tolerance genes.Our genomic and transcriptome analyses provide insight into the structures,features,and evolution of the B.platyphylla genome.The chromosome-level genome and gene resources of B.platyphylla obtained in this study will facilitate the identification of important and essential genes governing important traits of trees and genetic improvement of B.platyphylla.
基金supported in part by grants and fellowships from the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada(NSERC)
文摘As genomes evolve over hundreds of millions years,the chromosomes become rearranged,with segments of some chromosomes inverted,while other chromosomes reciprocally exchange chunks from their ends.These rearrangements lead to the scrambling of the elements of one genome with respect to another descended from a common ancestor.Multidisciplinary work undertakes to mathematically model these processes and to develop statistical analyses and mathematical algorithms to understand the scrambling in the chromosomes of two or more related genomes.A major focus is the reconstruction of the gene order of the ancestral genomes.
