A newly discovered enzyme, that can catalyze the formation of phosphotriester/-diester bonds between nucleic acids, was found to be associated with plant and animal viruses; （i.e. southern bean mosaic virus, brome mo...A newly discovered enzyme, that can catalyze the formation of phosphotriester/-diester bonds between nucleic acids, was found to be associated with plant and animal viruses; （i.e. southern bean mosaic virus, brome mosaic virus, influenza virus, avian virus and mouse retrovirus）. A partially purified enzyme from maize developing endosperms was prepared through 15%-35% ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose anion exchange column chromatography and Sephadex GI50 gel filtration. The enzyme preparation was then used to demonstrate its main functional characteristics. The enzyme can use varieties of short and long chain length of nucleotides as substrates. However, the enzyme requires at least a minimum of 3 to 4 units of nucleotide chain length for the reaction to occur. The enzyme activity shows an optimum reaction in 50 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 5.4 and is significantly inhibited by 6-azauridine as compared to other nucleotide analogs. By analyzing the data documented in literature and the results from the present study of the association of this enzyme with viruses and the distinctive inhibitory effect of 6-azauridine, it is speculated that this enzyme is likely associated with many other plant and animal viruses. The association of this enzyme on the surface of virus particles can be explored as a common antigen for developing a versatile antiviral vaccine.展开更多
Partnerships have become a comer stone of contemporary research that recognizes working across disciplines and co-production with intended users as essential to enabling sustainable resilience-building.Furthermore,res...Partnerships have become a comer stone of contemporary research that recognizes working across disciplines and co-production with intended users as essential to enabling sustainable resilience-building.Furthermore,research that addresses sustainable development challenges brings an urgent need to reflect on the ways that partnerships are supported,and for the disaster risk management and resilience communities,efforts to support realization of the wider 2030 Agenda for sustainable development bring particular pressures.In November 2019,the UK Disasters Research Group(DRG)brought together a number of key stakeholders focused on disaster risk,resilience,and sustainability research relevant to Official DevelopmeAssistance to consider how fit for purpose existing partnership models are for the pace of change required to deliver the priorities of the wider 2030 Agenda.Participants were invited to discuss how research partnerships across three levels(individual and project-based;national and institutional;and international)could be improved based on elements that facilitate robust partnerships and learning from aspects that hinder them.From the discussions,participanls emphasized the importance of effective communication mechanisms in building partnerships,co-designing projects,and establishing shared objectives.Enhanced approaches to addressing equitable partnerships and funding more substantive timelines will be key to responding to the challenges of the 2030 Agenda.展开更多
文摘A newly discovered enzyme, that can catalyze the formation of phosphotriester/-diester bonds between nucleic acids, was found to be associated with plant and animal viruses; （i.e. southern bean mosaic virus, brome mosaic virus, influenza virus, avian virus and mouse retrovirus）. A partially purified enzyme from maize developing endosperms was prepared through 15%-35% ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose anion exchange column chromatography and Sephadex GI50 gel filtration. The enzyme preparation was then used to demonstrate its main functional characteristics. The enzyme can use varieties of short and long chain length of nucleotides as substrates. However, the enzyme requires at least a minimum of 3 to 4 units of nucleotide chain length for the reaction to occur. The enzyme activity shows an optimum reaction in 50 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 5.4 and is significantly inhibited by 6-azauridine as compared to other nucleotide analogs. By analyzing the data documented in literature and the results from the present study of the association of this enzyme with viruses and the distinctive inhibitory effect of 6-azauridine, it is speculated that this enzyme is likely associated with many other plant and animal viruses. The association of this enzyme on the surface of virus particles can be explored as a common antigen for developing a versatile antiviral vaccine.
文摘Partnerships have become a comer stone of contemporary research that recognizes working across disciplines and co-production with intended users as essential to enabling sustainable resilience-building.Furthermore,research that addresses sustainable development challenges brings an urgent need to reflect on the ways that partnerships are supported,and for the disaster risk management and resilience communities,efforts to support realization of the wider 2030 Agenda for sustainable development bring particular pressures.In November 2019,the UK Disasters Research Group(DRG)brought together a number of key stakeholders focused on disaster risk,resilience,and sustainability research relevant to Official DevelopmeAssistance to consider how fit for purpose existing partnership models are for the pace of change required to deliver the priorities of the wider 2030 Agenda.Participants were invited to discuss how research partnerships across three levels(individual and project-based;national and institutional;and international)could be improved based on elements that facilitate robust partnerships and learning from aspects that hinder them.From the discussions,participanls emphasized the importance of effective communication mechanisms in building partnerships,co-designing projects,and establishing shared objectives.Enhanced approaches to addressing equitable partnerships and funding more substantive timelines will be key to responding to the challenges of the 2030 Agenda.
