Significant performance failures by athletes can have detrimental psychological effects,potentially leading to maladaptive coping mechanisms,performance anxiety,and psychological distress.The current study investigate...Significant performance failures by athletes can have detrimental psychological effects,potentially leading to maladaptive coping mechanisms,performance anxiety,and psychological distress.The current study investigated if a brief writing intervention could combat the negative impact of recalled performance failures in a sample of competitive athletes.Initially,the athletes recalled an instance of a significant performance failure.Next,an Intervention group completed an expressive writing task based on the principles of cognitive restructuring and reframing,and a Control group completed a neutral writing task.The results indicated that both groups showed improvements in the outcome measures from pre-test to post-test.However,the magnitude of the reduced self-critical rumination behaviors,increased positive affect,and reduced negative affect was greater in the Intervention group than in the Control group.The current study highlights how an expressive writing task can combat negative rumination thoughts and affective reactions.Such brief interventions could be used by athletes during a break in a game or immediately following a game to address performance failures as they happen.展开更多
Empathy is sharing and understanding others’emotions.Recently,researchers identified larger Western-Asian cultural differences in self-report empathy with females relative to males(i.e.,the culture-sex interaction th...Empathy is sharing and understanding others’emotions.Recently,researchers identified larger Western-Asian cultural differences in self-report empathy with females relative to males(i.e.,the culture-sex interaction theory).Neglecting this phenomenon,previous researchers focused on identifying the cultural impact on empathy per se and reported divergent results.This meta-analysis aims to reveal the heterogeneity of the earlier publications and decode the heterogeneity as per the culture-sex interaction.The current results suggested the following:First,the cultural impact on empathy increased along with three sex stratification categories(male-only,mixed-sex,and female-only,in that order).Second,the effect size statistically differed between the binary classifications of sex(femaleonly>male-only).Third,the mixed-sex samples’effect size was positively regressed on the samples’sex ratio(i.e.,percentage of females).The current results revealed the heterogeneity of previous publications and highlighted the significance of the culture-sex interaction effect on empathy for future investigations.展开更多
This study aimed to examine verbal and visual-spatial working memory(WM)dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia.We compared 60 patients with schizophrenia with 57 healthy controls(matched for age,educational level,...This study aimed to examine verbal and visual-spatial working memory(WM)dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia.We compared 60 patients with schizophrenia with 57 healthy controls(matched for age,educational level,and IQ)on three WM tasks.Patients with schizophrenia performed significantly more poorly than healthy controls on verbal,visual,and spatial WM tests.Moreover,WM deficits were inversely associated with both the positive and negative symptoms of the patients.Taken together,these findings suggest that there are pervasive WM impairments in patients with schizophrenia.In addition,clinical features may play a significant role in the expression of WM deficits.展开更多
文摘Significant performance failures by athletes can have detrimental psychological effects,potentially leading to maladaptive coping mechanisms,performance anxiety,and psychological distress.The current study investigated if a brief writing intervention could combat the negative impact of recalled performance failures in a sample of competitive athletes.Initially,the athletes recalled an instance of a significant performance failure.Next,an Intervention group completed an expressive writing task based on the principles of cognitive restructuring and reframing,and a Control group completed a neutral writing task.The results indicated that both groups showed improvements in the outcome measures from pre-test to post-test.However,the magnitude of the reduced self-critical rumination behaviors,increased positive affect,and reduced negative affect was greater in the Intervention group than in the Control group.The current study highlights how an expressive writing task can combat negative rumination thoughts and affective reactions.Such brief interventions could be used by athletes during a break in a game or immediately following a game to address performance failures as they happen.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:32071061,to LHKey projects of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:cstc2020jcyj-zdxmX0009+3 种基金The Youth start-up fund of the Institute of Psychology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant/Award Number:E1CX4815CXThe Griffith University Postgraduate Research ScholarshipThe Griffith University International Postgraduate Research Scholarshipthe International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols(INPLASY2020110097).
文摘Empathy is sharing and understanding others’emotions.Recently,researchers identified larger Western-Asian cultural differences in self-report empathy with females relative to males(i.e.,the culture-sex interaction theory).Neglecting this phenomenon,previous researchers focused on identifying the cultural impact on empathy per se and reported divergent results.This meta-analysis aims to reveal the heterogeneity of the earlier publications and decode the heterogeneity as per the culture-sex interaction.The current results suggested the following:First,the cultural impact on empathy increased along with three sex stratification categories(male-only,mixed-sex,and female-only,in that order).Second,the effect size statistically differed between the binary classifications of sex(femaleonly>male-only).Third,the mixed-sex samples’effect size was positively regressed on the samples’sex ratio(i.e.,percentage of females).The current results revealed the heterogeneity of previous publications and highlighted the significance of the culture-sex interaction effect on empathy for future investigations.
基金supported partially by the National Science Fund China(81088001,91132701)a grant from the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-EW-J-8)+1 种基金the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams(Y2CX131003)the Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology.
文摘This study aimed to examine verbal and visual-spatial working memory(WM)dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia.We compared 60 patients with schizophrenia with 57 healthy controls(matched for age,educational level,and IQ)on three WM tasks.Patients with schizophrenia performed significantly more poorly than healthy controls on verbal,visual,and spatial WM tests.Moreover,WM deficits were inversely associated with both the positive and negative symptoms of the patients.Taken together,these findings suggest that there are pervasive WM impairments in patients with schizophrenia.In addition,clinical features may play a significant role in the expression of WM deficits.
