The gut microbiota has important functions in the regulation of normal body functions.Alterations of the microbiota are being increasingly linked to various disease states.The microbiome has been manipulated via the a...The gut microbiota has important functions in the regulation of normal body functions.Alterations of the microbiota are being increasingly linked to various disease states.The microbiome has been manipulated via the administration of stool from animals or humans,for more than 1000 years.Currently,fecal microbiota transplantation can be performed via endoscopic administration of fecal matter to the duodenum or colon or via capsules of lyophilized stools.More recently fecal microbial transplantation has been shown to be very effective for recurrent Clostridoides difficile infection(CDI).In addition there is some evidence of efficacy in the metabolic syndrome and its hepatic manifestation,metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).We review the current literature regarding the microbiome and the pathogenesis and treatment of CDI,MAFLD,IBS and IBD.展开更多
Infectious diseases are the common enemies of mankind.In the course of historical development,they persistently threaten human health and safety.Even today,despite the developments in medical science,we cannot escape ...Infectious diseases are the common enemies of mankind.In the course of historical development,they persistently threaten human health and safety.Even today,despite the developments in medical science,we cannot escape the fear and suffering caused by infectious diseases.Whether in ancient or modern times,the source of infection,route of transmission,and a susceptible population are the three key conditions for the prevalence and spread of infectious diseases.All factors closely related to these three conditions can affect the prevalence of infectious diseases.China is one of the cradles of world civilization.The ancient people accumulated a great deal of experience and lessons in the long struggle against infectious diseases.In the face of the current threat posed by widespread infectious disease,it is imperative to review and summarize ancient Chinese ideas and health policies on epidemic prevention and control to inspire contemporary efforts in the prevention and control of infectious disease.The combination of prevention-oriented epidemic prevention ideology and traditional medicine provides valuable insights,especially for impoverished and medically underserved regions.展开更多
The capillaries of the brain are particularly special,as they are not simply conduits for blood,but are primarily responsible to ensure that the neurons function in a strictly regulated homeostatic interstitium.Brain ...The capillaries of the brain are particularly special,as they are not simply conduits for blood,but are primarily responsible to ensure that the neurons function in a strictly regulated homeostatic interstitium.Brain endothelial cells(BECs)express a plethora of ion channels on its luminal and abluminal surfaces,namely:potassium(K^+)channels(i.e.,Kir2 and Kv1),chloride(Cl^)/bicarbonate(HCO3^–)channels,as well as a number of ion-solute exchangers(Redzic et al.,2011).展开更多
Objective:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)presents substantial genetic and phenotypic diversity,making it challenging to predict patient outcomes.There is a clear need for novel biomarkers to better identify high-risk in...Objective:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)presents substantial genetic and phenotypic diversity,making it challenging to predict patient outcomes.There is a clear need for novel biomarkers to better identify high-risk individuals.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are known to play key roles in cell cycle regulation and genomic stability,and their dysregulation has been closely linked to HCC progression.Developing a prognostic model based on cell cycle-related lncRNAs could open up new possibilities for immunotherapy in HCC patients.Methods:Transcriptomic data and clinical samples were obtained from the TCGA-HCC dataset.Cell cycle-related gene sets were sourced from existing studies,and coexpression analysis identified relevant lncRNAs(correlation coefficient>0.4,P<0.001).Univariate analysis identified prognostic lncRNAs,which were then used in a LASSO regression model to create a risk score.This model was validated via cross-validation.HCC samples were classified on the basis of their risk scores.Correlations between the risk score and tumor mutational burden(TMB),tumor immune infiltration,immune checkpoint gene expression,and immunotherapy response were evaluated via R packages and various methods(TIMER,CIBERSORT,CIBERSORT-ABS,QUANTISEQ,MCP-COUNTER,XCELL,and EPIC).Results:Four cell cycle-related lncRNAs(AC009549.1,AC090018.2,PKD1P6-NPIPP1,and TMCC1-AS1)were significantly upregulated in HCC.These lncRNAs were used to create a risk score(risk score=0.492×AC009549.1+1.390×AC090018.2+1.622×PKD1P6-NPIPP1+0.858×TMCC1-AS1).This risk score had superior predictive value compared to traditional clinical factors(AUC=0.738).A nomogram was developed to illustrate the 1-year,3-year,and 5-year overall survival(OS)rates for individual HCC patients.Significant differences in TMB,immune response,immune cell infiltration,immune checkpoint gene expression,and drug responsiveness were observed between the high-risk and low-risk groups.Conclusion:The risk score model we developed enhances the prognostication of HCC patients by identifying those at high risk for poor outcomes.This model could lead to new immunotherapy strategies for HCC patients.展开更多
All cells in the body metabolize oxygen in a series of reactions in the mitochondria to generate energy.A by-product of these reactions is the production of highly reactive oxygen radicals which have the potential to ...All cells in the body metabolize oxygen in a series of reactions in the mitochondria to generate energy.A by-product of these reactions is the production of highly reactive oxygen radicals which have the potential to cause irreparable damage to cellular components,and have been linked to mutagenic and neurotoxicity of the nervous system.展开更多
The Holocene is probably the most intensively studied series/epoch within the geological record,and embodies a wide array of geomorphological,climatic,biotic and archaeological evidence;yet little attention has hither...The Holocene is probably the most intensively studied series/epoch within the geological record,and embodies a wide array of geomorphological,climatic,biotic and archaeological evidence;yet little attention has hitherto been paid to a formal subdivision of this series/epoch.Here we report a tripartite division of the Holocene into the Greenlandian,Northgrippian and Meghalayan stages/ages and their corresponding Lower/Early,Middle,Upper/Late subseries/subepochs,each supported by a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point(GSSP).The GSSP for the lowermost stage,the Greenlandian,is that of the Holocene as previously defined in the NGRIP2 Greenland ice core,and dated at 11,700 yr b2k(before 2000 CE).The GSSP for the Northgrippian is in the NGRIP1 Greenland ice core,and dated at 8236 yr b2k,whereas that for the Meghalayan is located in a speleothem from Mawmluh Cave,Meghalaya,northeast India with a date of 4250 yr b2k.The proposal on which this subdivision is based was submitted by the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy,approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy,and formally ratified by the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences on 14th June 2018.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Billions of gallons of water are used annually to flush toilets in the United States.Consequences of this usage include consumption of natural resources and construction of new infrastructure to treat and...INTRODUCTION Billions of gallons of water are used annually to flush toilets in the United States.Consequences of this usage include consumption of natural resources and construction of new infrastructure to treat and transmit potable water and wastewater.Waterless,or no-flush urinals,may help mitigate these effects and offer other advantages,including lower utility charges,improved restroom hygiene,and decreased fixture maintenance.Some notable caveats include possible lack of acceptance by users,odor control problems,and rejection by code officials.As urine is about 96%liquid,no additional water is really needed to wash it down the drain.The waterless,urinal,looking much like its conventional counterpart,takes advantage of this concept with generally positive results.This paper will discuss the design,applications,operation,maintenance,advantages,and disadvantages of waterless urinals.The results of two surveys of current users will be shared.A case study from a Texas school district will be also presented.展开更多
文摘The gut microbiota has important functions in the regulation of normal body functions.Alterations of the microbiota are being increasingly linked to various disease states.The microbiome has been manipulated via the administration of stool from animals or humans,for more than 1000 years.Currently,fecal microbiota transplantation can be performed via endoscopic administration of fecal matter to the duodenum or colon or via capsules of lyophilized stools.More recently fecal microbial transplantation has been shown to be very effective for recurrent Clostridoides difficile infection(CDI).In addition there is some evidence of efficacy in the metabolic syndrome and its hepatic manifestation,metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).We review the current literature regarding the microbiome and the pathogenesis and treatment of CDI,MAFLD,IBS and IBD.
文摘Infectious diseases are the common enemies of mankind.In the course of historical development,they persistently threaten human health and safety.Even today,despite the developments in medical science,we cannot escape the fear and suffering caused by infectious diseases.Whether in ancient or modern times,the source of infection,route of transmission,and a susceptible population are the three key conditions for the prevalence and spread of infectious diseases.All factors closely related to these three conditions can affect the prevalence of infectious diseases.China is one of the cradles of world civilization.The ancient people accumulated a great deal of experience and lessons in the long struggle against infectious diseases.In the face of the current threat posed by widespread infectious disease,it is imperative to review and summarize ancient Chinese ideas and health policies on epidemic prevention and control to inspire contemporary efforts in the prevention and control of infectious disease.The combination of prevention-oriented epidemic prevention ideology and traditional medicine provides valuable insights,especially for impoverished and medically underserved regions.
文摘The capillaries of the brain are particularly special,as they are not simply conduits for blood,but are primarily responsible to ensure that the neurons function in a strictly regulated homeostatic interstitium.Brain endothelial cells(BECs)express a plethora of ion channels on its luminal and abluminal surfaces,namely:potassium(K^+)channels(i.e.,Kir2 and Kv1),chloride(Cl^)/bicarbonate(HCO3^–)channels,as well as a number of ion-solute exchangers(Redzic et al.,2011).
文摘Objective:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)presents substantial genetic and phenotypic diversity,making it challenging to predict patient outcomes.There is a clear need for novel biomarkers to better identify high-risk individuals.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are known to play key roles in cell cycle regulation and genomic stability,and their dysregulation has been closely linked to HCC progression.Developing a prognostic model based on cell cycle-related lncRNAs could open up new possibilities for immunotherapy in HCC patients.Methods:Transcriptomic data and clinical samples were obtained from the TCGA-HCC dataset.Cell cycle-related gene sets were sourced from existing studies,and coexpression analysis identified relevant lncRNAs(correlation coefficient>0.4,P<0.001).Univariate analysis identified prognostic lncRNAs,which were then used in a LASSO regression model to create a risk score.This model was validated via cross-validation.HCC samples were classified on the basis of their risk scores.Correlations between the risk score and tumor mutational burden(TMB),tumor immune infiltration,immune checkpoint gene expression,and immunotherapy response were evaluated via R packages and various methods(TIMER,CIBERSORT,CIBERSORT-ABS,QUANTISEQ,MCP-COUNTER,XCELL,and EPIC).Results:Four cell cycle-related lncRNAs(AC009549.1,AC090018.2,PKD1P6-NPIPP1,and TMCC1-AS1)were significantly upregulated in HCC.These lncRNAs were used to create a risk score(risk score=0.492×AC009549.1+1.390×AC090018.2+1.622×PKD1P6-NPIPP1+0.858×TMCC1-AS1).This risk score had superior predictive value compared to traditional clinical factors(AUC=0.738).A nomogram was developed to illustrate the 1-year,3-year,and 5-year overall survival(OS)rates for individual HCC patients.Significant differences in TMB,immune response,immune cell infiltration,immune checkpoint gene expression,and drug responsiveness were observed between the high-risk and low-risk groups.Conclusion:The risk score model we developed enhances the prognostication of HCC patients by identifying those at high risk for poor outcomes.This model could lead to new immunotherapy strategies for HCC patients.
文摘All cells in the body metabolize oxygen in a series of reactions in the mitochondria to generate energy.A by-product of these reactions is the production of highly reactive oxygen radicals which have the potential to cause irreparable damage to cellular components,and have been linked to mutagenic and neurotoxicity of the nervous system.
文摘The Holocene is probably the most intensively studied series/epoch within the geological record,and embodies a wide array of geomorphological,climatic,biotic and archaeological evidence;yet little attention has hitherto been paid to a formal subdivision of this series/epoch.Here we report a tripartite division of the Holocene into the Greenlandian,Northgrippian and Meghalayan stages/ages and their corresponding Lower/Early,Middle,Upper/Late subseries/subepochs,each supported by a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point(GSSP).The GSSP for the lowermost stage,the Greenlandian,is that of the Holocene as previously defined in the NGRIP2 Greenland ice core,and dated at 11,700 yr b2k(before 2000 CE).The GSSP for the Northgrippian is in the NGRIP1 Greenland ice core,and dated at 8236 yr b2k,whereas that for the Meghalayan is located in a speleothem from Mawmluh Cave,Meghalaya,northeast India with a date of 4250 yr b2k.The proposal on which this subdivision is based was submitted by the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy,approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy,and formally ratified by the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences on 14th June 2018.
文摘INTRODUCTION Billions of gallons of water are used annually to flush toilets in the United States.Consequences of this usage include consumption of natural resources and construction of new infrastructure to treat and transmit potable water and wastewater.Waterless,or no-flush urinals,may help mitigate these effects and offer other advantages,including lower utility charges,improved restroom hygiene,and decreased fixture maintenance.Some notable caveats include possible lack of acceptance by users,odor control problems,and rejection by code officials.As urine is about 96%liquid,no additional water is really needed to wash it down the drain.The waterless,urinal,looking much like its conventional counterpart,takes advantage of this concept with generally positive results.This paper will discuss the design,applications,operation,maintenance,advantages,and disadvantages of waterless urinals.The results of two surveys of current users will be shared.A case study from a Texas school district will be also presented.
