Food consumption is one of the key exposure routes of humans to contaminants. This article evaluated the residue levels of 51 pesticides and 16 polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） in selected fish and food items which ...Food consumption is one of the key exposure routes of humans to contaminants. This article evaluated the residue levels of 51 pesticides and 16 polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） in selected fish and food items which were commonly consumed in the Nantong area of Jiangsu Province, Southeast China. The 51 pesticides and 16 PCBs were analyzed by highly sensitive gas chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry （GC-MS/MS）. The results showed that organochlorine pesticides such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes （DDTs）, hexachlorocyclohexanes （I-ICHs）, hexachlorobenzene （HCB） and mirex and other pesticides including chlorpyrifos, pyrethroid pesticides, metolachlor, pyridaben and trifluralin were frequently detected in the samples, which was consistent with the accumulation level and characteristics of these toxic chemicals in human adipose tissue of people living in Nantong. Meanwhile, correlation of the residue level of toxic chemicals with their physical chemical properties and historic use pattern in Nantong area was observed. Combined with dietary survey results at the same sampling locations, human health risk assessment of ingestion through the dietary route was performed. The results suggested that the non-cancer risks of the chemicals investigated can be considered negligible in the Nantong area, however, the cancer risks from lifetime dietary exposure to DDTs and HCB have exceeded the acceptable levels.展开更多
This paper reviews the usage and emissions of endosulfan, the newest member of the persistent organic pollutants （POPs）, in China, and its fate and behavior in Chinese environment. Endosulfan usage in China has been...This paper reviews the usage and emissions of endosulfan, the newest member of the persistent organic pollutants （POPs）, in China, and its fate and behavior in Chinese environment. Endosulfan usage in China has been estimated to be approximately 25700 t between 1994 and 2004. Concentrations of endosulfan in different environ- mental compartments in China, such as air, soil, water, and biota, but focusing at air and surface soil, have been summarized. Concentrations of total endosulfan in surface soil across China were ranged from below detection limit （BDL） to 19000 pg.g^-1 dry weight （dw）, with geometric mean of 120pg.g^-1dw. The results indicated that endo- sulfan sulfate had highest concentration in Chinese soil, followed by r- and α-endosulfan. Air concentrations of endosulfan in China were ranged 0-340 pg.m3 for a- endosulfan and 0-121 pg. m--3 for β-endosulfan, with high concentrations occurred in the cotton production areas. Gridded usage inventories of endosulfan on a fine gridded system with a 1/4° longitude by 1/6° latitude resolution were compiled, from which, emission to air and residues in soil of endosulfan were calculated in each grid by using a modified simplified gridded pesticide emission and residue model （SGPERM）, an integrated modeling system combining mathematical model, database management system, and geographic information system. Total emissions were around 10800 t from 1994 to 2004. Based on the emission and residue inventories, concentrations of α- and β- endosulfan in Chinese air and agricultural surface soil were also calculated for each grid cell, which are in general consistent with the published monitoring data.展开更多
基金supported by the 2008 Commonwealand Environmental protection Project of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China (MEP) (No. 200809102)"333 High-level Talent Cultivation Project" research funding of Jiangsu Province-"Research on human health risk assessment of pesticides"
文摘Food consumption is one of the key exposure routes of humans to contaminants. This article evaluated the residue levels of 51 pesticides and 16 polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） in selected fish and food items which were commonly consumed in the Nantong area of Jiangsu Province, Southeast China. The 51 pesticides and 16 PCBs were analyzed by highly sensitive gas chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry （GC-MS/MS）. The results showed that organochlorine pesticides such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes （DDTs）, hexachlorocyclohexanes （I-ICHs）, hexachlorobenzene （HCB） and mirex and other pesticides including chlorpyrifos, pyrethroid pesticides, metolachlor, pyridaben and trifluralin were frequently detected in the samples, which was consistent with the accumulation level and characteristics of these toxic chemicals in human adipose tissue of people living in Nantong. Meanwhile, correlation of the residue level of toxic chemicals with their physical chemical properties and historic use pattern in Nantong area was observed. Combined with dietary survey results at the same sampling locations, human health risk assessment of ingestion through the dietary route was performed. The results suggested that the non-cancer risks of the chemicals investigated can be considered negligible in the Nantong area, however, the cancer risks from lifetime dietary exposure to DDTs and HCB have exceeded the acceptable levels.
文摘This paper reviews the usage and emissions of endosulfan, the newest member of the persistent organic pollutants （POPs）, in China, and its fate and behavior in Chinese environment. Endosulfan usage in China has been estimated to be approximately 25700 t between 1994 and 2004. Concentrations of endosulfan in different environ- mental compartments in China, such as air, soil, water, and biota, but focusing at air and surface soil, have been summarized. Concentrations of total endosulfan in surface soil across China were ranged from below detection limit （BDL） to 19000 pg.g^-1 dry weight （dw）, with geometric mean of 120pg.g^-1dw. The results indicated that endo- sulfan sulfate had highest concentration in Chinese soil, followed by r- and α-endosulfan. Air concentrations of endosulfan in China were ranged 0-340 pg.m3 for a- endosulfan and 0-121 pg. m--3 for β-endosulfan, with high concentrations occurred in the cotton production areas. Gridded usage inventories of endosulfan on a fine gridded system with a 1/4° longitude by 1/6° latitude resolution were compiled, from which, emission to air and residues in soil of endosulfan were calculated in each grid by using a modified simplified gridded pesticide emission and residue model （SGPERM）, an integrated modeling system combining mathematical model, database management system, and geographic information system. Total emissions were around 10800 t from 1994 to 2004. Based on the emission and residue inventories, concentrations of α- and β- endosulfan in Chinese air and agricultural surface soil were also calculated for each grid cell, which are in general consistent with the published monitoring data.
