Clean air is fundamental to human health.Approximately 99%of the global population has been exposed to concentrations higher than the World Health Organization’s recommendations.Moreover,adverse health effects have b...Clean air is fundamental to human health.Approximately 99%of the global population has been exposed to concentrations higher than the World Health Organization’s recommendations.Moreover,adverse health effects have been observed at much lower pollution levels than previously studied.China has experienced periods of severe air pollution over the past few decades.To improve air quality and safeguard public health,the government has implemented several progressively tightened policies.Emission control policies were first proposed in 2005.展开更多
Crop productivity may be affected by soil salinization from brackish water irrigation.Plants host species-specific soil microorganisms that can enhance plant adaptability to salt stress.However,it is unclear whether t...Crop productivity may be affected by soil salinization from brackish water irrigation.Plants host species-specific soil microorganisms that can enhance plant adaptability to salt stress.However,it is unclear whether these specific microorganisms recruited under brackish water irrigation are related to microbial resistance,which has been proven to promote crop production.A field experiment was conducted using five local wheat varieties,each of which was exposed to brackish or fresh water irrigation for four years.Brackish water irrigation tended to increase wheat yield by 6.38%–19.40%,although the increase in yield under brackish water relative to fresh water irrigation varied with wheat variety.The compositions of the bacterial and fungal communities in the bulk soil and rhizosphere were measured,and the taxa enriched following brackish water irrigation were isolated to investigate microbial resistance.We found that the resistance of each wheat variety was determined by specifically recruited microbial taxa with relevant functions.The yield incremental rates were positively regulated by microbial resistance from the bulk soil and rhizosphere.Moreover,the resistance from the bulk soil and rhizosphere had similar effects,and microbial consortia containing both beneficial and harmful taxa determined microbial resistance.These results indicated that brackish water irrigation-induced recruitment of specific microbial taxa from either the bulk soil or the rhizosphere or both positively contributed to the yield incremental rate and provided a list of key taxa linked to the magnitude of yield variation caused by brackish water irrigation.展开更多
Severe lithium dendrite growth and elevated thermal runaway risks pose significant hurdles for fast-charging lithium metal batteries(LMBs)This study reports a polydopamine-functionalized hydroxyapatite/aramid(PDA@HA)h...Severe lithium dendrite growth and elevated thermal runaway risks pose significant hurdles for fast-charging lithium metal batteries(LMBs)This study reports a polydopamine-functionalized hydroxyapatite/aramid(PDA@HA)hybrid nanofibers separator to synchronously improve th fast-charging LMB's stability and safety.(1)The separator's surface,enriched with lithiophilic carbonyl and hydroxyl groups,accelerates Li~+ion desolvation,while electrophilic imine groups impede anion movement.This dual mechanism optimizes the Li^(+)-ion flux distribution on th anode,mitigating dendrite formation.(2)The polar PDA modification layer fosters the development of a Li_(3)N/LiF-rich solid electrolyt interface,further enhancing Li anode stability.Consequently,Li//Li symmetric cells with PDA@HA separators exhibit extended cycle life in L plating/stripping tests:5000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)and 700 h at 20 mA cm^(-2),respectively,outperforming PP separators(80 h and 8 h).In LiFePO_(4)(LFP,^(2.1)mg cm^(-2))//Li full cell evaluation,the PDA@HA separator enables stable operation for 11,000 cycles at 18.2C with 87%capacity retention,significantly outperforming existing fast-charging LMB counterparts in literature.At a high LFP loading of 15.5 mg cm^(-2),the cel maintains 137.6 mAh g^(-1)(2.13 mAh cm^(-2))over 250 cycles at 3C,achieving 98%capacity retention.Moreover,the PDA@HA separato increases threshold temperature for thermal runaway and reduces the exothermic rate,intensifying the battery's thermal safety.This research underscores the importance of functional separator design in improving Li metal anode reversibility,fast-charging performance,and therma safety of LMBs.展开更多
Poor Li plating reversibility and high thermal runaway risks are key challenges for fast charging lithiumion batteries with graphite anodes.Herein,a dielectric and fire-resistant separator based on hybrid nanofibers o...Poor Li plating reversibility and high thermal runaway risks are key challenges for fast charging lithiumion batteries with graphite anodes.Herein,a dielectric and fire-resistant separator based on hybrid nanofibers of barium sulfate(BS)and bacterial cellulose(BC)is developed to synchronously enhance the battery's fast charging and thermal-safety performances.The regulation mechanism of the dielectric BS/BC separator in enhancing the Li^(+)ion transport and Li plating reversibility is revealed.(1)The Max-Wagner polarization electric field of the dielectric BS/BC separator can accelerate the desolvation of solvated Li^(+)ions,enhancing their transport kinetics.(2)Moreover,due to the charge balancing effect,the dielectric BS/BC separator homogenizes the electric field/Li^(+)ion flux at the graphite anode-separator interface,facilitating uniform Li plating and suppressing Li dendrite growth.Consequently,the fast-charge graphite anode with the BS/BC separator shows higher Coulombic efficiency(99.0%vs.96.9%)and longer cycling lifespan(100 cycles vs.59 cycles)than that with the polypropylene(PP)separator in the constantlithiation cycling test at 2 mA cm^(-2).The high-loading LiFePO4(15.5 mg cm^(-2))//graphite(7.5 mg cm^(-2))full cell with the BS/BC separator exhibits excellent fast charging performance,retaining 70%of its capacity after 500 cycles at a high rate of 2C,which is significantly better than that of the cell with the PP separator(retaining only 27%of its capacity after 500 cycles).More importantly,the thermally stable BS/BC separator effectively elevates the critical temperature and reduces the heat release rate during thermal runaway,thereby significantly enhancing the battery's safety.展开更多
Solid-state polymer electrolytes are crucial for advancing solid-state lithium-metal batteries owing to their flexibility,excellent manufacturability,and strong interfacial compatibility.However,their widespread appli...Solid-state polymer electrolytes are crucial for advancing solid-state lithium-metal batteries owing to their flexibility,excellent manufacturability,and strong interfacial compatibility.However,their widespread applications are hindered by low ionic conductivity at room temperature and lithium dendrite growth.Herein,we report a novel solid-state composite membrane electrolyte design that combines the vertically aligned channel structure and copolymer with a radial gradient composition.Within the vertically aligned channels,the composition of poly(vinyl ethylene carbonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate)(P(VEC-PEGDA)varies in a gradient along the radial direction:from the center to the wall of vertically aligned channels,the proportion of vinyl ethylene carbonate(VEC)in the copolymer decreases,while the proportion of poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate(PEGDA)increases accordingly.It can be functionally divided into a mechanical-reinforcement layer and a fast-ion-conducting layer.The resulting solid-state composite membrane electrolyte achieves a high critical current density of 1.2 mA cm^(-2)and high ionic conductivity of 2.03 mS cm^(-1)at room temperature.Employing this composite membrane electrolyte,a Li//Li symmetric cell exhibits stable cycling for over 1850 h at 0.2 m A cm^(-2)/0.2 m A h cm^(-2),and a Li//LiFePO4(LFP)battery maintains 77.3% capacity retention at 2 C after 300 cycles.Our work provides insight into the rational design of safer and more efficient solidstate batteries through electrolyte structural engineering.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries with attractive capacity give remarkable potential for prospective high-capacity application scenarios but suffer a fatal flaw of short cyclability before large-scale commercialization es...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries with attractive capacity give remarkable potential for prospective high-capacity application scenarios but suffer a fatal flaw of short cyclability before large-scale commercialization especially owing to polysulfide(Li_(2)S_(n))transmembrane shuttling.To efficiently restrain chronic Li_(2)S_(n) shuttle and expedite Li^(+)transfer,herein,a novel electriferous charge-mosaic S(TMC@Lys-Li)separator preparation approach is recommended.Interfacial polymerizations of lithiated lysine and trimesoyl chloride establish an electriferous charge-mosaic polyamide functional layer.Substituted Li within the charge-mosaic layer offers transition or replacement sites for smoothing Li^(+)migrations,which constructs efficient Li^(+)fast-transfer private channels and accelerates the Li^(+)transfer rate to 9.4 times.Negatively charged polyamide skeleton synchronously heightens Li_(2)S_(n) rejections by combining Donnan and steric effects.S(TMC@Lys-Li)replenishes Li for homogenizing Li nucleation and growth,endowing stable plating/stripping behaviors over 250 cycles for Li-Cu batteries.Assembled Li-S cells thus exhibit excellent specific capacity and cyclability at multiple application scenarios such as long periods,high areal capacity,and fast charge,holding 78.1%retention after 500 cycles at 1 C.The superior thermal stability and self-discharge of S(TMC@Lys-Li)dramatically strengthen battery thermal runaway resistance even at155℃,which ensures security for Li-S battery high-power and high-temperature operations.Above alluring features enable charge-mosaic separators to be potentially adopted in practical Li-S batteries demanding strict security,high-capacity density,and fast charge technology.展开更多
UV-B application enhances the aroma quality of oolong tea;however,the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear.This study investigates the regulatory role of UV-B in the biosynthesis of a-farnesene,an important...UV-B application enhances the aroma quality of oolong tea;however,the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear.This study investigates the regulatory role of UV-B in the biosynthesis of a-farnesene,an important floral and fruity characteristic aroma.UV-B treatment significantly improved the aroma quality of‘Foshou’and‘Yuquan’oolong teas,increasing a-farnesene levels by 1.8-and 1.4-fold,respectively.The a-farnesene synthase(CsAFS),ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5(CsHY5),and myelocytomatosis protein 2(CsMYC2)exhibited a highly correlated expression pattern closely associated with a-farnesene accumulation.Single-factor treatment revealed that CsAFS expression was induced by both UV-B and mechanical wounding,with CsHY5 predominantly responding to UV-B radiation,while CsMYC2 primarily responded to tumbling-induced mechanical wounding signal.Transient suppression of CsHY5 in tea leaves reduced the expression of both CsAFS and CsMYC2 whereas CsMYC2 suppression decreased CsAFS expression.G-box motifs were identified in promoters of CsMYC2 and CsAFS,and the dual-luciferase reporter assay(LUC)and electrophoretic mobility shift assays(EMSA)demonstrated direct binding functions of CsHY5 to CsAFS and CsMYC2 promoters,as well as CsMYC2 to the CsAFS promoter.Based on sensory evaluation,odourant quantification,gene expression,and molecular functional analysis,we propose that UV-B radiation and tumbling-induced wounding signals synergistically regulate a-farnesene biosynthesis through a coordinated interaction of CsHY5 and CsMYC2 during oolong tea processing.These findings improve our understanding of flavour formation during oolong tea production and also provide novel insights into artificial light application in tea manufacturing.展开更多
Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)form a stable gel-like structure to combine with water molecules through steric hindrance,making the mechanical dewatering of wastewater sludge considerably difficult.Coagulation...Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)form a stable gel-like structure to combine with water molecules through steric hindrance,making the mechanical dewatering of wastewater sludge considerably difficult.Coagulation/flocculation has been widely applied in improving the sludge dewatering performance,while sludge properties(organic fraction and solution chemistry conditions)are highly changeable and have important effects on sludge flocculation process.In this work,the alkalinity effects on sludge conditioning with hydroxy-aluminum were comprehensively investigated,and the interaction mechanisms between EPS and hydroxy-aluminum with different speciation were unraveled.The results showed that the effectiveness of hydroxy-aluminum conditioning gradually deteriorated with increase in alkalinity.Meanwhile,the polymeric hydroxy-aluminum(Al 13)and highly polymerized hydroxy-aluminum(Al 30)were hydrolysed and converted into amorphous aluminum hydroxide(Al(OH)3),which changed the flocculation mechanism from charge neutralization and complexing adsorption to hydrogen bond interaction.Additionally,both Al 13 and Al 30 showed higher binding capacity for proteins and polysaccharides in EPS than monomeric aluminum and Al(OH)3.Al 13 and Al 30 coagulation changed the secondary structure of proteins in EPS,which caused a gelation reaction to increase molecular hydrophobicity of proteins and consequently sludge dewaterability.This study provided a guidance for optimizing the hydroxy-aluminum flocculation conditioning of sludge with high solution alkalinity.展开更多
The current pandemic of COVID-19 caused by a novel coronavirus,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2),threatens human health around the world.Of particular concern is that bats are recognized as o...The current pandemic of COVID-19 caused by a novel coronavirus,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2),threatens human health around the world.Of particular concern is that bats are recognized as one of the most potential natural hosts of SARS-CoV-2;however,coronavirus ecology in bats is still nascent.Here,we performed a degenerate primer screening and next-generation sequencing analysis of 112 bats,collected from Hainan Province,China.Three coronaviruses,namely bat betacoronavirus(Bat CoV)CD35,Bat CoV CD36 and bat alpha-coronavirus CD30 were identified.Bat CoV CD35 genome had 99.5%identity with Bat CoV CD36,both sharing the highest nucleotide identity with Bat Hp-betacoronavirus Zhejiang2013(71.4%),followed by SARS-CoV-2(54.0%).Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Bat CoV CD35 formed a distinct clade,and together with Bat Hp-betacoronavirus Zhejiang2013,was basal to the lineage of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2.Notably,Bat CoV CD35 harbored a canonical furin-like S1/S2 cleavage site that resembles the corresponding sites of SARS-CoV-2.The furin cleavage sites between CD35 and CD36 are identical.In addition,the receptor-binding domain of Bat CoV CD35 showed a highly similar structure to that of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2,especially in one binding loop.In conclusion,this study deepens our understanding of the diversity of coronaviruses and provides clues about the natural origin of the furin cleavage site of SARS-CoV-2.展开更多
Fresh-cut roses(Rosa hybrida)are one of the most important ornamental crops worldwide,with annual trade in the billions of dollars.Gray mold disease caused by the pathogen Botrytis cinerea is the most serious fungal t...Fresh-cut roses(Rosa hybrida)are one of the most important ornamental crops worldwide,with annual trade in the billions of dollars.Gray mold disease caused by the pathogen Botrytis cinerea is the most serious fungal threat to cut roses,causing extensive postharvest losses.In this study,we optimized a detached petal disc assay(DPDA)for artificial B.cinerea inoculation and quantification of disease symptoms in rose petals.Furthermore,as the identification of rose genes involved in B.cinerea resistance could provide useful genetic and genomic resources,we devised a virusinduced gene silencing(VIGS)procedure for the functional analysis of B.cinerea resistance genes in rose petals.We used RhPR10.1 as a reporter of silencing efficiency and found that the rose cultivar‘Samantha’showed the greatest decrease in RhPR10.1 expression among the cultivars tested.To determine whether jasmonic acid and ethylene are required for B.cinerea resistance in rose petals,we used VIGS to silence the expression of RhLOX5 and RhEIN3(encoding a jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathway protein and an ethylene regulatory protein,respectively)and found that petal susceptibility to B.cinerea was affected.Finally,a VIGS screen of B.cinerea-induced rose transcription factors demonstrated the potential benefits of this method for the high-throughput identification of gene function in B.cinerea resistance.Collectively,our data show that the combination of the DPDA and VIGS is a reliable and highthroughput method for studying B.cinerea resistance in rose.展开更多
Decreased functional β-cell mass is the hallmark of diabetes, but the cause of this metabolic defect remains elusive. Here, we show that the levels of the growth factor receptor-bound protein 10(GRB10), a negative re...Decreased functional β-cell mass is the hallmark of diabetes, but the cause of this metabolic defect remains elusive. Here, we show that the levels of the growth factor receptor-bound protein 10(GRB10), a negative regulator of insulin and m TORC1 signaling, are markedly induced in islets of diabetic mice and high glucose-treated insulinoma cell line INS-1 cells. β-cell-specific knockout of Grb10 in mice increased β-cell mass and improved β-cell function. Grb10-deficient β-cells exhibit enhanced m TORC1 signaling and reduced β-cell dedifferentiation, which could be blocked by rapamycin. On the contrary, Grb10 overexpression induced β-cell dedifferentiation in MIN6 cells. Our study identifies GRB10 as a critical regulator of β-cell dedifferentiation and β-cell mass, which exerts its effect by inhibiting m TORC1 signaling.展开更多
Proanthocyanidins(PAs)are the most broadly distributed secondary metabolites that play important roles in various aspects of plant development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses.In this study,we cloned a R2R3...Proanthocyanidins(PAs)are the most broadly distributed secondary metabolites that play important roles in various aspects of plant development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses.In this study,we cloned a R2R3 MYB gene LoMYB29,which has a full-length coding sequence of 921 bp identified in Larix olgensis.Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis indicates that LoMYB29 is expressed under mechanical wounding,high light intensity,and NaCl,PEG6000,Methyl Jasmonate,and abscisic acid treatments.Subcellular localization analysis and yeast twohybrid assay localized LoMYB29 to the nucleus,acting as a transcriptional activator.Staining with 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde showed a darker blue-purple color in LoMYB29-overexpressing Arabidopsis seeds compared to that of wild seeds.LoMYB29-overexpression resulted in a significant increase in leaf PA content.The expression of early flavonoid biosynthesis-related gene CHI and late flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes,including DFR,LDOX,and ANR(PA branch gene),were also activated in transgenic plants overexpressing LoMYB29.The results indicate that LoMYB29 plays a positive role in the regulation of PA biosynthesis by activating the expression of PA biosynthetic genes.展开更多
Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children,characterized by social interaction,communication difficulties,and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors.Existing intervention methods ha...Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children,characterized by social interaction,communication difficulties,and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors.Existing intervention methods have limitations,such as requiring long treatment periods and needing to be more convenient to implement.Extended Reality(XR)technology offers a virtual environment to enhance children's social,communication,and self-regulation skills.This paper compares XR theoretical models,application examples,and intervention effects.The study reveals that XR intervention therapy is mainly based on cognitive rehabilitation,teaching,and social-emotional learning theories.It utilizes algorithms,models,artificial intelligence(AI),eye-tracking,and other technologies for interaction,achieving diverse intervention outcomes.Participants showed effective improvement in competency barriers using XR-based multimodal interactive platforms.However,Mixed Reality(MR)technology still requires further development.Future research should explore multimsodal interaction technologies combining XR and AI,optimize models,prioritize the development of MR intervention scenarios,and sustain an optimal intervention level.展开更多
Gibberellin(GA)functions in plant growth and development.However,genes involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of GA in crop plants are poorly understood.We isolated the mutant gad5-1(GAAssociated Dwarf 5),charact...Gibberellin(GA)functions in plant growth and development.However,genes involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of GA in crop plants are poorly understood.We isolated the mutant gad5-1(GAAssociated Dwarf 5),characterized by dwarfing,short internodes,and dark green and short leaves.Map-based gene cloning and allelic verification confirmed that ZmGAD5 encodes ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase(KAO),which catalyzes KA(ent-kaurenoic acid)to GA12 conversion during GA biosynthesis in maize.ZmGAD5 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and is present in multiple maize organs.In gad5-1,the expression of ZmGAD5 is severely reduced,and the levels of the direct substrate of KAO,KA,is increased,leading to a reduction in GA content.The abnormal phenotype of gad5-1 was restored by exogenous application of GA3.The biomass,plant height,and levels of GA12 and GA3 in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing ZmGAD5 were increased in comparison with the corresponding controls Col-0.These findings deepen our understanding of genes involved in GA biosynthesis,and could lead to the development of maize lines with improved architecture and higher planting-density tolerance.展开更多
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma(KIRC)is a malignant tumor that carries a substantial risk of morbidity and mortality.The MMP family assumes a crucial role in tumor invasion and metastasis.This study aimed to uncover...Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma(KIRC)is a malignant tumor that carries a substantial risk of morbidity and mortality.The MMP family assumes a crucial role in tumor invasion and metastasis.This study aimed to uncover the mechanistic relevance of the MMP gene family as a therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma(KIRC)through a comprehensive approach encompassing both computational and molecular analyses.STRING,Cytoscape,UALCAN,GEPIA,OncoDB,HPA,cBioPortal,GSEA,TIMER,ENCORI,DrugBank,targeted bisulfite sequencing(bisulfite-seq),conventional PCR,Sanger sequencing,and RT-qPCR based analyses were used in the present study to analyze MMP gene family members to accurately determine a few hub genes that can be utilized as both therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers for KIRC.By performing STRING and Cytohubba analyses of the 24 MMP gene family members,MMP2(matrix metallopeptidase 2),MMP9(matrix metallopeptidase 9),MMP12(matrix metallopeptidase 12),and MMP16(matrix metallopeptidase 16)genes were denoted as hub genes having highest degree scores.After analyzing MMP2,MMP9,MMP12,and MMP16 via various TCGA databases and RT-qPCR technique across clinical samples and KIRC cell lines,interestingly,all these hub genes were found significantly overexpressed at mRNA and protein levels in KIRC samples relative to controls.The notable effect of the up-regulated MMP2,MMP9,MMP12,and MMP16 was also documented on the overall survival(OS)of the KIRC patients.Moreover,targeted bisulfite-sequencing(bisulfite-seq)analysis revealed that promoter hypomethylation pattern was associated with up-regulation of hub genes(MMP2,MMP9,MMP12,and MMP16).In addition to this,hub genes were involved in various diverse oncogenic pathways.The MMP gene family members(MMP2,MMP9,MMP12,and MMP16)may serve as therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in KIRC.展开更多
The influence of low-vacuum helium cold plasma treatment on the rooting percentage,root growth and physiochemical properties of zoysiagrass stolon cuttings was studied.Zoysiagrass stolon cuttings were pre-treated with...The influence of low-vacuum helium cold plasma treatment on the rooting percentage,root growth and physiochemical properties of zoysiagrass stolon cuttings was studied.Zoysiagrass stolon cuttings were pre-treated with 0,100,200,300 and 400 W of cold plasma for 15 s.The cold plasma positively stimulated rooting and improved the root growth of the zoysiagrass stolon cuttings,and the 300 W treatment produced the best effect.The rooting percentage and root growth parameters,including the root length,total root surface area,total root volume,average root diameter,and root dry weight,significantly improved in response to the cold plasma treatment.In addition,the water uptake and relative conductivity of the stolon cuttings increased significantly in response to the cold plasma treatment.The results revealed that cold plasma-stimulated rooting and root growth appear to be a consequence of the improvement in permeability and water absorbing capacity of zoysiagrass stolon cuttings.The results of the present study will provide inspiration and support for the application of cold plasma in the vegetative propagation of plants.展开更多
Boosting of rechargeable lithium metal batteries(LMBs) holds challenges because of lithium dendrites germination and high-reactive surface feature.Separators may experience structure-determined chemical deterioration ...Boosting of rechargeable lithium metal batteries(LMBs) holds challenges because of lithium dendrites germination and high-reactive surface feature.Separators may experience structure-determined chemical deterioration and worsen Li plating-stripping behaviors when smoothly shifting from lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) to LMBs.This study precisely regulations the crystal structure of β-polypropylene and separator porous construction to investigate the intrinsic porous structure and mechanical properties determined electrochemical performances and cycling durability of LMBs.Crystal structure characterizations,porous structure analyses,and electrochemical cycling tests uncover appropriate annealing thermal stimulation concentrates β-lamellae thickness and enhances lamellae thermal stability by rearranging molecular chain in inferior β-lamellae,maximally homogenizing biaxial tensile deformation and resultant porous constructions.These even pores with high connectivity lower ion migration barriers,alleviate heterogeneous Li^(+) flux dispersion,stabilize reversible Li plating-stripping behaviors,and hinder coursing and branching of Li dendrites,endowing steady cell cycling durability,especially at higher currents due to the highlighted uncontrollable cumulation of dead Li,which offers new insights for the current pursuit of high-power density battery and fast charging technology.The suggested separator structure-chemical nature functions in ensuring cyclic cell stability and builds reliable relationships between separator structure design and practical LMBs applications.展开更多
2,4-dinitroanisole(DNAN)is a good replacement for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT)in melt-cast explosives due to its superior insensitivity.With the increasing use of DNAN-based melt-cast explosives,the prediction of reacti...2,4-dinitroanisole(DNAN)is a good replacement for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT)in melt-cast explosives due to its superior insensitivity.With the increasing use of DNAN-based melt-cast explosives,the prediction of reaction violence and hazard assessment of the explosives subjected to shock is of great significance.This study investigated the shock initiation characteristics for a DNAN-based melt-cast explosive,DHFA,using the one-dimensional Lagrangian apparatus.The embedded manganin gauges in the apparatus record the pressure histories at four Lagrangian positions and show that shock-todetonation transition in DHFA needs a high input shock pressure.The experimental data are analyzed to calibrate the Ignition and Growth model.The calibration is performed using an objective function based on both pressure history and the arrival time of shock.Good agreement between experimental and calculated pressure histories indicates the high accuracy of the calibrated parameters with the optimization method.展开更多
The genus Brassica contains a rich diversity of species and morphological types,including leaf,root,and oil crops,all of which show substantial phenotypic variation.Both Chinese cabbage and cabbage are typical leaf-ty...The genus Brassica contains a rich diversity of species and morphological types,including leaf,root,and oil crops,all of which show substantial phenotypic variation.Both Chinese cabbage and cabbage are typical leaf-type crops with normal roots.We created translocation lines based on interspecific crosses between Chinese cabbage and cabbage and identified qdh225,which exhibited a swollen-root phenotype.The swollen root of qdh225 contained a large number of granular substances,and the formation of its irregular morphological tissue was caused by a thickening of the phloem.Transcriptomic and metabolomic data suggested that differential expression of genes encoding nine types of enzymes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism caused changes in starch synthesis and degradation in the swollen root.These genes jointly regulated sucrose and starch levels,leading to significant enrichment of starch and soluble proteins in the swollen root and a reduction in the content of soluble sugars such as d-glucose and trehalose 6-phosphate.A significant increase in auxin(IAA)and abscisic acid(ABA)contents and a decrease in gibberellin(GA)content in the swollen root likely promoted the differential expression of genes associated with hormone signal transduction,thereby regulating the development of the swollen root.Taken together,our data suggest that accumulation of IAA and ABA and reduction in GA promote swollen root formation by regulating hormone-mediated signaling,leading to a thickening of phloem,root enlargement,and substantial accumulation of starch and soluble proteins.The latter provide materials,energy,and nutrient sources for the development of swollen roots.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3702702)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82103871).
文摘Clean air is fundamental to human health.Approximately 99%of the global population has been exposed to concentrations higher than the World Health Organization’s recommendations.Moreover,adverse health effects have been observed at much lower pollution levels than previously studied.China has experienced periods of severe air pollution over the past few decades.To improve air quality and safeguard public health,the government has implemented several progressively tightened policies.Emission control policies were first proposed in 2005.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFD1500502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277347)+1 种基金the Development Program of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China(No.NMKJXM202401-01)China Agriculture Research System of Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(No.CARS–03).
文摘Crop productivity may be affected by soil salinization from brackish water irrigation.Plants host species-specific soil microorganisms that can enhance plant adaptability to salt stress.However,it is unclear whether these specific microorganisms recruited under brackish water irrigation are related to microbial resistance,which has been proven to promote crop production.A field experiment was conducted using five local wheat varieties,each of which was exposed to brackish or fresh water irrigation for four years.Brackish water irrigation tended to increase wheat yield by 6.38%–19.40%,although the increase in yield under brackish water relative to fresh water irrigation varied with wheat variety.The compositions of the bacterial and fungal communities in the bulk soil and rhizosphere were measured,and the taxa enriched following brackish water irrigation were isolated to investigate microbial resistance.We found that the resistance of each wheat variety was determined by specifically recruited microbial taxa with relevant functions.The yield incremental rates were positively regulated by microbial resistance from the bulk soil and rhizosphere.Moreover,the resistance from the bulk soil and rhizosphere had similar effects,and microbial consortia containing both beneficial and harmful taxa determined microbial resistance.These results indicated that brackish water irrigation-induced recruitment of specific microbial taxa from either the bulk soil or the rhizosphere or both positively contributed to the yield incremental rate and provided a list of key taxa linked to the magnitude of yield variation caused by brackish water irrigation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52202328,52372099,52271222)the Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1455500)。
文摘Severe lithium dendrite growth and elevated thermal runaway risks pose significant hurdles for fast-charging lithium metal batteries(LMBs)This study reports a polydopamine-functionalized hydroxyapatite/aramid(PDA@HA)hybrid nanofibers separator to synchronously improve th fast-charging LMB's stability and safety.(1)The separator's surface,enriched with lithiophilic carbonyl and hydroxyl groups,accelerates Li~+ion desolvation,while electrophilic imine groups impede anion movement.This dual mechanism optimizes the Li^(+)-ion flux distribution on th anode,mitigating dendrite formation.(2)The polar PDA modification layer fosters the development of a Li_(3)N/LiF-rich solid electrolyt interface,further enhancing Li anode stability.Consequently,Li//Li symmetric cells with PDA@HA separators exhibit extended cycle life in L plating/stripping tests:5000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)and 700 h at 20 mA cm^(-2),respectively,outperforming PP separators(80 h and 8 h).In LiFePO_(4)(LFP,^(2.1)mg cm^(-2))//Li full cell evaluation,the PDA@HA separator enables stable operation for 11,000 cycles at 18.2C with 87%capacity retention,significantly outperforming existing fast-charging LMB counterparts in literature.At a high LFP loading of 15.5 mg cm^(-2),the cel maintains 137.6 mAh g^(-1)(2.13 mAh cm^(-2))over 250 cycles at 3C,achieving 98%capacity retention.Moreover,the PDA@HA separato increases threshold temperature for thermal runaway and reduces the exothermic rate,intensifying the battery's thermal safety.This research underscores the importance of functional separator design in improving Li metal anode reversibility,fast-charging performance,and therma safety of LMBs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52202328,52372099)the Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1455500).
文摘Poor Li plating reversibility and high thermal runaway risks are key challenges for fast charging lithiumion batteries with graphite anodes.Herein,a dielectric and fire-resistant separator based on hybrid nanofibers of barium sulfate(BS)and bacterial cellulose(BC)is developed to synchronously enhance the battery's fast charging and thermal-safety performances.The regulation mechanism of the dielectric BS/BC separator in enhancing the Li^(+)ion transport and Li plating reversibility is revealed.(1)The Max-Wagner polarization electric field of the dielectric BS/BC separator can accelerate the desolvation of solvated Li^(+)ions,enhancing their transport kinetics.(2)Moreover,due to the charge balancing effect,the dielectric BS/BC separator homogenizes the electric field/Li^(+)ion flux at the graphite anode-separator interface,facilitating uniform Li plating and suppressing Li dendrite growth.Consequently,the fast-charge graphite anode with the BS/BC separator shows higher Coulombic efficiency(99.0%vs.96.9%)and longer cycling lifespan(100 cycles vs.59 cycles)than that with the polypropylene(PP)separator in the constantlithiation cycling test at 2 mA cm^(-2).The high-loading LiFePO4(15.5 mg cm^(-2))//graphite(7.5 mg cm^(-2))full cell with the BS/BC separator exhibits excellent fast charging performance,retaining 70%of its capacity after 500 cycles at a high rate of 2C,which is significantly better than that of the cell with the PP separator(retaining only 27%of its capacity after 500 cycles).More importantly,the thermally stable BS/BC separator effectively elevates the critical temperature and reduces the heat release rate during thermal runaway,thereby significantly enhancing the battery's safety.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372099,52202328,22461142135,22479046)the Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1455500)the Shanghai Magnolia Talent Plan Pujiang Project(24PJD128)。
文摘Solid-state polymer electrolytes are crucial for advancing solid-state lithium-metal batteries owing to their flexibility,excellent manufacturability,and strong interfacial compatibility.However,their widespread applications are hindered by low ionic conductivity at room temperature and lithium dendrite growth.Herein,we report a novel solid-state composite membrane electrolyte design that combines the vertically aligned channel structure and copolymer with a radial gradient composition.Within the vertically aligned channels,the composition of poly(vinyl ethylene carbonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate)(P(VEC-PEGDA)varies in a gradient along the radial direction:from the center to the wall of vertically aligned channels,the proportion of vinyl ethylene carbonate(VEC)in the copolymer decreases,while the proportion of poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate(PEGDA)increases accordingly.It can be functionally divided into a mechanical-reinforcement layer and a fast-ion-conducting layer.The resulting solid-state composite membrane electrolyte achieves a high critical current density of 1.2 mA cm^(-2)and high ionic conductivity of 2.03 mS cm^(-1)at room temperature.Employing this composite membrane electrolyte,a Li//Li symmetric cell exhibits stable cycling for over 1850 h at 0.2 m A cm^(-2)/0.2 m A h cm^(-2),and a Li//LiFePO4(LFP)battery maintains 77.3% capacity retention at 2 C after 300 cycles.Our work provides insight into the rational design of safer and more efficient solidstate batteries through electrolyte structural engineering.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QB050)the Liaocheng University Doctoral Initial Fund(318052137)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries with attractive capacity give remarkable potential for prospective high-capacity application scenarios but suffer a fatal flaw of short cyclability before large-scale commercialization especially owing to polysulfide(Li_(2)S_(n))transmembrane shuttling.To efficiently restrain chronic Li_(2)S_(n) shuttle and expedite Li^(+)transfer,herein,a novel electriferous charge-mosaic S(TMC@Lys-Li)separator preparation approach is recommended.Interfacial polymerizations of lithiated lysine and trimesoyl chloride establish an electriferous charge-mosaic polyamide functional layer.Substituted Li within the charge-mosaic layer offers transition or replacement sites for smoothing Li^(+)migrations,which constructs efficient Li^(+)fast-transfer private channels and accelerates the Li^(+)transfer rate to 9.4 times.Negatively charged polyamide skeleton synchronously heightens Li_(2)S_(n) rejections by combining Donnan and steric effects.S(TMC@Lys-Li)replenishes Li for homogenizing Li nucleation and growth,endowing stable plating/stripping behaviors over 250 cycles for Li-Cu batteries.Assembled Li-S cells thus exhibit excellent specific capacity and cyclability at multiple application scenarios such as long periods,high areal capacity,and fast charge,holding 78.1%retention after 500 cycles at 1 C.The superior thermal stability and self-discharge of S(TMC@Lys-Li)dramatically strengthen battery thermal runaway resistance even at155℃,which ensures security for Li-S battery high-power and high-temperature operations.Above alluring features enable charge-mosaic separators to be potentially adopted in practical Li-S batteries demanding strict security,high-capacity density,and fast charge technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32072623)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFD1601103).
文摘UV-B application enhances the aroma quality of oolong tea;however,the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear.This study investigates the regulatory role of UV-B in the biosynthesis of a-farnesene,an important floral and fruity characteristic aroma.UV-B treatment significantly improved the aroma quality of‘Foshou’and‘Yuquan’oolong teas,increasing a-farnesene levels by 1.8-and 1.4-fold,respectively.The a-farnesene synthase(CsAFS),ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5(CsHY5),and myelocytomatosis protein 2(CsMYC2)exhibited a highly correlated expression pattern closely associated with a-farnesene accumulation.Single-factor treatment revealed that CsAFS expression was induced by both UV-B and mechanical wounding,with CsHY5 predominantly responding to UV-B radiation,while CsMYC2 primarily responded to tumbling-induced mechanical wounding signal.Transient suppression of CsHY5 in tea leaves reduced the expression of both CsAFS and CsMYC2 whereas CsMYC2 suppression decreased CsAFS expression.G-box motifs were identified in promoters of CsMYC2 and CsAFS,and the dual-luciferase reporter assay(LUC)and electrophoretic mobility shift assays(EMSA)demonstrated direct binding functions of CsHY5 to CsAFS and CsMYC2 promoters,as well as CsMYC2 to the CsAFS promoter.Based on sensory evaluation,odourant quantification,gene expression,and molecular functional analysis,we propose that UV-B radiation and tumbling-induced wounding signals synergistically regulate a-farnesene biosynthesis through a coordinated interaction of CsHY5 and CsMYC2 during oolong tea processing.These findings improve our understanding of flavour formation during oolong tea production and also provide novel insights into artificial light application in tea manufacturing.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51678546 and 41630318)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund of China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(No.2018 ZX 07110004)。
文摘Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)form a stable gel-like structure to combine with water molecules through steric hindrance,making the mechanical dewatering of wastewater sludge considerably difficult.Coagulation/flocculation has been widely applied in improving the sludge dewatering performance,while sludge properties(organic fraction and solution chemistry conditions)are highly changeable and have important effects on sludge flocculation process.In this work,the alkalinity effects on sludge conditioning with hydroxy-aluminum were comprehensively investigated,and the interaction mechanisms between EPS and hydroxy-aluminum with different speciation were unraveled.The results showed that the effectiveness of hydroxy-aluminum conditioning gradually deteriorated with increase in alkalinity.Meanwhile,the polymeric hydroxy-aluminum(Al 13)and highly polymerized hydroxy-aluminum(Al 30)were hydrolysed and converted into amorphous aluminum hydroxide(Al(OH)3),which changed the flocculation mechanism from charge neutralization and complexing adsorption to hydrogen bond interaction.Additionally,both Al 13 and Al 30 showed higher binding capacity for proteins and polysaccharides in EPS than monomeric aluminum and Al(OH)3.Al 13 and Al 30 coagulation changed the secondary structure of proteins in EPS,which caused a gelation reaction to increase molecular hydrophobicity of proteins and consequently sludge dewaterability.This study provided a guidance for optimizing the hydroxy-aluminum flocculation conditioning of sludge with high solution alkalinity.
基金the National Key R&D Pro-gram of China(2019YFC1200501)Research Units of Discovery of Un-known Bacteria and Function(2018RU010)the Golden Seed Program of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital(CYJZ202220).
文摘The current pandemic of COVID-19 caused by a novel coronavirus,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2),threatens human health around the world.Of particular concern is that bats are recognized as one of the most potential natural hosts of SARS-CoV-2;however,coronavirus ecology in bats is still nascent.Here,we performed a degenerate primer screening and next-generation sequencing analysis of 112 bats,collected from Hainan Province,China.Three coronaviruses,namely bat betacoronavirus(Bat CoV)CD35,Bat CoV CD36 and bat alpha-coronavirus CD30 were identified.Bat CoV CD35 genome had 99.5%identity with Bat CoV CD36,both sharing the highest nucleotide identity with Bat Hp-betacoronavirus Zhejiang2013(71.4%),followed by SARS-CoV-2(54.0%).Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Bat CoV CD35 formed a distinct clade,and together with Bat Hp-betacoronavirus Zhejiang2013,was basal to the lineage of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2.Notably,Bat CoV CD35 harbored a canonical furin-like S1/S2 cleavage site that resembles the corresponding sites of SARS-CoV-2.The furin cleavage sites between CD35 and CD36 are identical.In addition,the receptor-binding domain of Bat CoV CD35 showed a highly similar structure to that of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2,especially in one binding loop.In conclusion,this study deepens our understanding of the diversity of coronaviruses and provides clues about the natural origin of the furin cleavage site of SARS-CoV-2.
基金Z.Z.is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772344 and 31501791)funded in part by a grant from the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(6162017)to Z.Z.
文摘Fresh-cut roses(Rosa hybrida)are one of the most important ornamental crops worldwide,with annual trade in the billions of dollars.Gray mold disease caused by the pathogen Botrytis cinerea is the most serious fungal threat to cut roses,causing extensive postharvest losses.In this study,we optimized a detached petal disc assay(DPDA)for artificial B.cinerea inoculation and quantification of disease symptoms in rose petals.Furthermore,as the identification of rose genes involved in B.cinerea resistance could provide useful genetic and genomic resources,we devised a virusinduced gene silencing(VIGS)procedure for the functional analysis of B.cinerea resistance genes in rose petals.We used RhPR10.1 as a reporter of silencing efficiency and found that the rose cultivar‘Samantha’showed the greatest decrease in RhPR10.1 expression among the cultivars tested.To determine whether jasmonic acid and ethylene are required for B.cinerea resistance in rose petals,we used VIGS to silence the expression of RhLOX5 and RhEIN3(encoding a jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathway protein and an ethylene regulatory protein,respectively)and found that petal susceptibility to B.cinerea was affected.Finally,a VIGS screen of B.cinerea-induced rose transcription factors demonstrated the potential benefits of this method for the high-throughput identification of gene function in B.cinerea resistance.Collectively,our data show that the combination of the DPDA and VIGS is a reliable and highthroughput method for studying B.cinerea resistance in rose.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91749118, 82070807, 81770775, 81730022)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (2021JJ30976)National Key Research and Development Program (2019YFA0801903, 2018YFC2000100)。
文摘Decreased functional β-cell mass is the hallmark of diabetes, but the cause of this metabolic defect remains elusive. Here, we show that the levels of the growth factor receptor-bound protein 10(GRB10), a negative regulator of insulin and m TORC1 signaling, are markedly induced in islets of diabetic mice and high glucose-treated insulinoma cell line INS-1 cells. β-cell-specific knockout of Grb10 in mice increased β-cell mass and improved β-cell function. Grb10-deficient β-cells exhibit enhanced m TORC1 signaling and reduced β-cell dedifferentiation, which could be blocked by rapamycin. On the contrary, Grb10 overexpression induced β-cell dedifferentiation in MIN6 cells. Our study identifies GRB10 as a critical regulator of β-cell dedifferentiation and β-cell mass, which exerts its effect by inhibiting m TORC1 signaling.
基金supported by the Genetically Modified Organisms Breeding Major Projects of China(2018ZX08022001)111 Project(B16010)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program,2013AA102704)
文摘Proanthocyanidins(PAs)are the most broadly distributed secondary metabolites that play important roles in various aspects of plant development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses.In this study,we cloned a R2R3 MYB gene LoMYB29,which has a full-length coding sequence of 921 bp identified in Larix olgensis.Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis indicates that LoMYB29 is expressed under mechanical wounding,high light intensity,and NaCl,PEG6000,Methyl Jasmonate,and abscisic acid treatments.Subcellular localization analysis and yeast twohybrid assay localized LoMYB29 to the nucleus,acting as a transcriptional activator.Staining with 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde showed a darker blue-purple color in LoMYB29-overexpressing Arabidopsis seeds compared to that of wild seeds.LoMYB29-overexpression resulted in a significant increase in leaf PA content.The expression of early flavonoid biosynthesis-related gene CHI and late flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes,including DFR,LDOX,and ANR(PA branch gene),were also activated in transgenic plants overexpressing LoMYB29.The results indicate that LoMYB29 plays a positive role in the regulation of PA biosynthesis by activating the expression of PA biosynthetic genes.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82301735)The University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(GXXT-2021-003)The Basic and Clinical Collaborative Research Enhancement Programme of Anhui Medical University(2022xkjT016).
文摘Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children,characterized by social interaction,communication difficulties,and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors.Existing intervention methods have limitations,such as requiring long treatment periods and needing to be more convenient to implement.Extended Reality(XR)technology offers a virtual environment to enhance children's social,communication,and self-regulation skills.This paper compares XR theoretical models,application examples,and intervention effects.The study reveals that XR intervention therapy is mainly based on cognitive rehabilitation,teaching,and social-emotional learning theories.It utilizes algorithms,models,artificial intelligence(AI),eye-tracking,and other technologies for interaction,achieving diverse intervention outcomes.Participants showed effective improvement in competency barriers using XR-based multimodal interactive platforms.However,Mixed Reality(MR)technology still requires further development.Future research should explore multimsodal interaction technologies combining XR and AI,optimize models,prioritize the development of MR intervention scenarios,and sustain an optimal intervention level.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20206,Chun-Peng Song)the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(SCKJJYRC-2022-78,Baozhu Li)+1 种基金the Program for Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)in University of Henan Province(21IRTSTHN019,Siyi Guo)the 111 Project of China(D16014).
文摘Gibberellin(GA)functions in plant growth and development.However,genes involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of GA in crop plants are poorly understood.We isolated the mutant gad5-1(GAAssociated Dwarf 5),characterized by dwarfing,short internodes,and dark green and short leaves.Map-based gene cloning and allelic verification confirmed that ZmGAD5 encodes ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase(KAO),which catalyzes KA(ent-kaurenoic acid)to GA12 conversion during GA biosynthesis in maize.ZmGAD5 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and is present in multiple maize organs.In gad5-1,the expression of ZmGAD5 is severely reduced,and the levels of the direct substrate of KAO,KA,is increased,leading to a reduction in GA content.The abnormal phenotype of gad5-1 was restored by exogenous application of GA3.The biomass,plant height,and levels of GA12 and GA3 in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing ZmGAD5 were increased in comparison with the corresponding controls Col-0.These findings deepen our understanding of genes involved in GA biosynthesis,and could lead to the development of maize lines with improved architecture and higher planting-density tolerance.
基金The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSP2023R457),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma(KIRC)is a malignant tumor that carries a substantial risk of morbidity and mortality.The MMP family assumes a crucial role in tumor invasion and metastasis.This study aimed to uncover the mechanistic relevance of the MMP gene family as a therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma(KIRC)through a comprehensive approach encompassing both computational and molecular analyses.STRING,Cytoscape,UALCAN,GEPIA,OncoDB,HPA,cBioPortal,GSEA,TIMER,ENCORI,DrugBank,targeted bisulfite sequencing(bisulfite-seq),conventional PCR,Sanger sequencing,and RT-qPCR based analyses were used in the present study to analyze MMP gene family members to accurately determine a few hub genes that can be utilized as both therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers for KIRC.By performing STRING and Cytohubba analyses of the 24 MMP gene family members,MMP2(matrix metallopeptidase 2),MMP9(matrix metallopeptidase 9),MMP12(matrix metallopeptidase 12),and MMP16(matrix metallopeptidase 16)genes were denoted as hub genes having highest degree scores.After analyzing MMP2,MMP9,MMP12,and MMP16 via various TCGA databases and RT-qPCR technique across clinical samples and KIRC cell lines,interestingly,all these hub genes were found significantly overexpressed at mRNA and protein levels in KIRC samples relative to controls.The notable effect of the up-regulated MMP2,MMP9,MMP12,and MMP16 was also documented on the overall survival(OS)of the KIRC patients.Moreover,targeted bisulfite-sequencing(bisulfite-seq)analysis revealed that promoter hypomethylation pattern was associated with up-regulation of hub genes(MMP2,MMP9,MMP12,and MMP16).In addition to this,hub genes were involved in various diverse oncogenic pathways.The MMP gene family members(MMP2,MMP9,MMP12,and MMP16)may serve as therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in KIRC.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Public Institutions Program for Research Conditions and Building Capacity(No.BM2015019)the Foundation of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources(Institute of Botany,Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.JSPKLB201606)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31572155)
文摘The influence of low-vacuum helium cold plasma treatment on the rooting percentage,root growth and physiochemical properties of zoysiagrass stolon cuttings was studied.Zoysiagrass stolon cuttings were pre-treated with 0,100,200,300 and 400 W of cold plasma for 15 s.The cold plasma positively stimulated rooting and improved the root growth of the zoysiagrass stolon cuttings,and the 300 W treatment produced the best effect.The rooting percentage and root growth parameters,including the root length,total root surface area,total root volume,average root diameter,and root dry weight,significantly improved in response to the cold plasma treatment.In addition,the water uptake and relative conductivity of the stolon cuttings increased significantly in response to the cold plasma treatment.The results revealed that cold plasma-stimulated rooting and root growth appear to be a consequence of the improvement in permeability and water absorbing capacity of zoysiagrass stolon cuttings.The results of the present study will provide inspiration and support for the application of cold plasma in the vegetative propagation of plants.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022QB050)the Liaocheng University Doctoral Initial Fund (318052137) for Financial Support。
文摘Boosting of rechargeable lithium metal batteries(LMBs) holds challenges because of lithium dendrites germination and high-reactive surface feature.Separators may experience structure-determined chemical deterioration and worsen Li plating-stripping behaviors when smoothly shifting from lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) to LMBs.This study precisely regulations the crystal structure of β-polypropylene and separator porous construction to investigate the intrinsic porous structure and mechanical properties determined electrochemical performances and cycling durability of LMBs.Crystal structure characterizations,porous structure analyses,and electrochemical cycling tests uncover appropriate annealing thermal stimulation concentrates β-lamellae thickness and enhances lamellae thermal stability by rearranging molecular chain in inferior β-lamellae,maximally homogenizing biaxial tensile deformation and resultant porous constructions.These even pores with high connectivity lower ion migration barriers,alleviate heterogeneous Li^(+) flux dispersion,stabilize reversible Li plating-stripping behaviors,and hinder coursing and branching of Li dendrites,endowing steady cell cycling durability,especially at higher currents due to the highlighted uncontrollable cumulation of dead Li,which offers new insights for the current pursuit of high-power density battery and fast charging technology.The suggested separator structure-chemical nature functions in ensuring cyclic cell stability and builds reliable relationships between separator structure design and practical LMBs applications.
基金Scientific Research Foundation for High-level Talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology(Grant No.2021yjrc38)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2208085QA27)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11972046,12002266)the authors would like to thank these foundations for financial support.
文摘2,4-dinitroanisole(DNAN)is a good replacement for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT)in melt-cast explosives due to its superior insensitivity.With the increasing use of DNAN-based melt-cast explosives,the prediction of reaction violence and hazard assessment of the explosives subjected to shock is of great significance.This study investigated the shock initiation characteristics for a DNAN-based melt-cast explosive,DHFA,using the one-dimensional Lagrangian apparatus.The embedded manganin gauges in the apparatus record the pressure histories at four Lagrangian positions and show that shock-todetonation transition in DHFA needs a high input shock pressure.The experimental data are analyzed to calibrate the Ignition and Growth model.The calibration is performed using an objective function based on both pressure history and the arrival time of shock.Good agreement between experimental and calculated pressure histories indicates the high accuracy of the calibrated parameters with the optimization method.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31930098 and 32172560)the Hebei Provincial Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.C2020204063)the Innovative Research Group Project of Hebei Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.C2020204111).
文摘The genus Brassica contains a rich diversity of species and morphological types,including leaf,root,and oil crops,all of which show substantial phenotypic variation.Both Chinese cabbage and cabbage are typical leaf-type crops with normal roots.We created translocation lines based on interspecific crosses between Chinese cabbage and cabbage and identified qdh225,which exhibited a swollen-root phenotype.The swollen root of qdh225 contained a large number of granular substances,and the formation of its irregular morphological tissue was caused by a thickening of the phloem.Transcriptomic and metabolomic data suggested that differential expression of genes encoding nine types of enzymes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism caused changes in starch synthesis and degradation in the swollen root.These genes jointly regulated sucrose and starch levels,leading to significant enrichment of starch and soluble proteins in the swollen root and a reduction in the content of soluble sugars such as d-glucose and trehalose 6-phosphate.A significant increase in auxin(IAA)and abscisic acid(ABA)contents and a decrease in gibberellin(GA)content in the swollen root likely promoted the differential expression of genes associated with hormone signal transduction,thereby regulating the development of the swollen root.Taken together,our data suggest that accumulation of IAA and ABA and reduction in GA promote swollen root formation by regulating hormone-mediated signaling,leading to a thickening of phloem,root enlargement,and substantial accumulation of starch and soluble proteins.The latter provide materials,energy,and nutrient sources for the development of swollen roots.
