BACKGROUND Islets of Langerhans beta cells diminish in autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).Teplizumab,a humanized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody,may help T1DM.Its long-term implications on clinical T1DM developmen...BACKGROUND Islets of Langerhans beta cells diminish in autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).Teplizumab,a humanized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody,may help T1DM.Its long-term implications on clinical T1DM development,safety,and efficacy are unknown.AIM To assess the effectiveness and safety of teplizumab as a therapeutic intervention for individuals with T1DM.METHODS A systematic search was conducted using four electronic databases(PubMed,Embase,Scopus,and Cochrane Library)to select publications published in peerreviewed journals written in English.The odds ratio(OR)and risk ratio(RR)were calculated,along with their 95%CI.We assessed heterogeneity using Cochrane Q and I2 statistics and the appropriate P value.RESULTS There were 8 randomized controlled trials(RCTs)in the current meta-analysis with a total of 1908 T1DM patients from diverse age cohorts,with 1361 patients receiving Teplizumab and 547 patients receiving a placebo.Teplizumab was found to have a substantial link with a decrease in insulin consumption,with an OR of 4.13(95%CI:1.72 to 9.90).Teplizumab is associated with an improved Cpeptide response(OR 2.49;95%CI:1.62 to 3.81)and a significant change in Glycated haemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels in people with type 1 diabetes[OR 1.75(95%CI:1.03 to 2.98)],and it has a RR of 0.71(95%CI:0.53 to 0.95).CONCLUSION In type 1 diabetics,teplizumab decreased insulin consumption,improved C-peptide response,and significantly changed HbA1c levels with negligible side effects.Teplizumab appears to improve glycaemic control and diabetes management with good safety and efficacy.展开更多
Hydrogel-based electronic skins or triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)are considered ideal candidates for flexible electronics.However,current hydrogels face limitations that lead to suboptimal performance,and their rel...Hydrogel-based electronic skins or triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)are considered ideal candidates for flexible electronics.However,current hydrogels face limitations that lead to suboptimal performance,and their reliance on external power sources hampers their practical application.A two-step washing approach comprising of“salt soaking”and“salt washing”is introduced to fabricate the multifunctional hydrogel.Initially,the hydrogel framework(SAC_(2)Z)-acrylamide(AM)and silk fibroin(SF)hydrogel is formed via salt soaking.Subsequently,the crosslinking degree is fine-tuned by adjusting the salt ion concentration through salt washing.The obtained hydrogel SAC_(2)ZC possesses excellent mechanical properties(a 15-fold increase in fracture strength to 320 kPa)and excellent cold resistance up to-80℃.Compared to conventional water-dispersible hydrogels,strain sensors based on SAC_(2)ZC are capable of sensing up to-30℃.The flexible antifreeze battery based on SAC_(2)ZC has excellent dendrite resistance and could supply power under high pressure(30 MPa)and severe bending(180°).The SAC_(2)ZC-based TENG(C-TENG)enables energy harvesting,eliminating reliance on external power sources.This innovation paves the way for flexible sensing systems that integrate energy collection and storage,facilitating all-weather human-smartphone signal interaction.This research provides a new strategy to develop multifunctional SAC_(2)ZC hydrogel for flexible wearable devices,especially in extremely cold complex environments.展开更多
Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)hydrogels are widely used for flexible sensors by adding various conductive substances due to their excellent mechanical properties and self-healing properties.However,most of the conductive subs...Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)hydrogels are widely used for flexible sensors by adding various conductive substances due to their excellent mechanical properties and self-healing properties.However,most of the conductive substances added to PVA hydrogel sensors are currently complicated to prepare,costly,and environmentally unfriendly.Herein,to overcome this challenge,we successfully prepared intrinsic conductive cellulose nanofiber(G-CNF)by simply applying sulfuric acid and a low-energy water bath with heat treatment,and obtained a powerful multifunctional self-healing PGC hydrogel biosensor using dynamic chemical cross-linking of PVA and borax with glycerol and G-CNF.The obtained PGC hydrogels have excellent mechanical properties(strain:950%),good adhesion ability,robust self-healing properties,and room-temperature reversibility,due to the presence of conductive networks and hydrogen bonds within PGC hydrogel.Especially,PGC hydrogels with the graphene structured G-CNF have a fast response to various signals and good stability with gauge factor(GF)values up to 1.83,as well as a sensitive response to temperature(temperature coefficient of resistance(TCR)up to 1.9),which can be designed as a variety of biosensors,such as human motion monitoring,information encryption/transmission,and real-time temperature monitoring biosensors.Thus,PGC hydrogels as multifunctional self-healing hydrogel biosensors pave the way for the development of flexible biosensors in wearable devices,human–computer interaction,and artificial-related applications.展开更多
Silk fibroin(SF)with skin-like features and function shows great prospects in wearable electronics and smart dressing.However,the traditional method of loading conductive materials on physical interfaces can easily le...Silk fibroin(SF)with skin-like features and function shows great prospects in wearable electronics and smart dressing.However,the traditional method of loading conductive materials on physical interfaces can easily lead to the detachment of conductive materials,poor mechanical properties,and unstable conductivity,which hinder their practical application.Herein,simple wet spinning was utilized to fabricate multifunctional regenerated silk fibers reinforced with different contents of intrinsically conductive cellulose nanofibril(CNFene).Significant enhancements in fiber homogeneity,thermal stability,conductivity,mechanical strength,and sensing ability were achieved due to more regular orientation of silk fibroin molecules and strong intermolecular interactions with CNFene.The optimized sample(SF_(1))with high sensitivity(100 ms),excellent washing/rubbing resistance,and superb waterproof properties(22 days)can comprehensively monitor human motion and weak signals.Surprisingly,inspired by the different humidity levels around wounds at different stages of healing,SF1 with favorable humidity sensitivity can be developed as a smart dressing for monitoring wound healing.Therefore,this work provides a simple preparation route of smart high-performance fiber for flexible electronic devices,smart dressing,and underwater smart textiles.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Islets of Langerhans beta cells diminish in autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).Teplizumab,a humanized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody,may help T1DM.Its long-term implications on clinical T1DM development,safety,and efficacy are unknown.AIM To assess the effectiveness and safety of teplizumab as a therapeutic intervention for individuals with T1DM.METHODS A systematic search was conducted using four electronic databases(PubMed,Embase,Scopus,and Cochrane Library)to select publications published in peerreviewed journals written in English.The odds ratio(OR)and risk ratio(RR)were calculated,along with their 95%CI.We assessed heterogeneity using Cochrane Q and I2 statistics and the appropriate P value.RESULTS There were 8 randomized controlled trials(RCTs)in the current meta-analysis with a total of 1908 T1DM patients from diverse age cohorts,with 1361 patients receiving Teplizumab and 547 patients receiving a placebo.Teplizumab was found to have a substantial link with a decrease in insulin consumption,with an OR of 4.13(95%CI:1.72 to 9.90).Teplizumab is associated with an improved Cpeptide response(OR 2.49;95%CI:1.62 to 3.81)and a significant change in Glycated haemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels in people with type 1 diabetes[OR 1.75(95%CI:1.03 to 2.98)],and it has a RR of 0.71(95%CI:0.53 to 0.95).CONCLUSION In type 1 diabetics,teplizumab decreased insulin consumption,improved C-peptide response,and significantly changed HbA1c levels with negligible side effects.Teplizumab appears to improve glycaemic control and diabetes management with good safety and efficacy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52273095)the Outstanding Youth Project of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LR22E030002)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C01049)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology(SKL202301)the State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials(KF2314)。
文摘Hydrogel-based electronic skins or triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)are considered ideal candidates for flexible electronics.However,current hydrogels face limitations that lead to suboptimal performance,and their reliance on external power sources hampers their practical application.A two-step washing approach comprising of“salt soaking”and“salt washing”is introduced to fabricate the multifunctional hydrogel.Initially,the hydrogel framework(SAC_(2)Z)-acrylamide(AM)and silk fibroin(SF)hydrogel is formed via salt soaking.Subsequently,the crosslinking degree is fine-tuned by adjusting the salt ion concentration through salt washing.The obtained hydrogel SAC_(2)ZC possesses excellent mechanical properties(a 15-fold increase in fracture strength to 320 kPa)and excellent cold resistance up to-80℃.Compared to conventional water-dispersible hydrogels,strain sensors based on SAC_(2)ZC are capable of sensing up to-30℃.The flexible antifreeze battery based on SAC_(2)ZC has excellent dendrite resistance and could supply power under high pressure(30 MPa)and severe bending(180°).The SAC_(2)ZC-based TENG(C-TENG)enables energy harvesting,eliminating reliance on external power sources.This innovation paves the way for flexible sensing systems that integrate energy collection and storage,facilitating all-weather human-smartphone signal interaction.This research provides a new strategy to develop multifunctional SAC_(2)ZC hydrogel for flexible wearable devices,especially in extremely cold complex environments.
基金supported by Outstanding Youth Project of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.LR22E030002)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Key Foundation of China(No.LZ20E030003/LGG22E030005)the National Natural Science Key Foundation of China(No.52273095).
文摘Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)hydrogels are widely used for flexible sensors by adding various conductive substances due to their excellent mechanical properties and self-healing properties.However,most of the conductive substances added to PVA hydrogel sensors are currently complicated to prepare,costly,and environmentally unfriendly.Herein,to overcome this challenge,we successfully prepared intrinsic conductive cellulose nanofiber(G-CNF)by simply applying sulfuric acid and a low-energy water bath with heat treatment,and obtained a powerful multifunctional self-healing PGC hydrogel biosensor using dynamic chemical cross-linking of PVA and borax with glycerol and G-CNF.The obtained PGC hydrogels have excellent mechanical properties(strain:950%),good adhesion ability,robust self-healing properties,and room-temperature reversibility,due to the presence of conductive networks and hydrogen bonds within PGC hydrogel.Especially,PGC hydrogels with the graphene structured G-CNF have a fast response to various signals and good stability with gauge factor(GF)values up to 1.83,as well as a sensitive response to temperature(temperature coefficient of resistance(TCR)up to 1.9),which can be designed as a variety of biosensors,such as human motion monitoring,information encryption/transmission,and real-time temperature monitoring biosensors.Thus,PGC hydrogels as multifunctional self-healing hydrogel biosensors pave the way for the development of flexible biosensors in wearable devices,human–computer interaction,and artificial-related applications.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52273095)Outstanding Youth Project of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LR22E030002)+1 种基金the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology(SKL202301)State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials(KF2314).
文摘Silk fibroin(SF)with skin-like features and function shows great prospects in wearable electronics and smart dressing.However,the traditional method of loading conductive materials on physical interfaces can easily lead to the detachment of conductive materials,poor mechanical properties,and unstable conductivity,which hinder their practical application.Herein,simple wet spinning was utilized to fabricate multifunctional regenerated silk fibers reinforced with different contents of intrinsically conductive cellulose nanofibril(CNFene).Significant enhancements in fiber homogeneity,thermal stability,conductivity,mechanical strength,and sensing ability were achieved due to more regular orientation of silk fibroin molecules and strong intermolecular interactions with CNFene.The optimized sample(SF_(1))with high sensitivity(100 ms),excellent washing/rubbing resistance,and superb waterproof properties(22 days)can comprehensively monitor human motion and weak signals.Surprisingly,inspired by the different humidity levels around wounds at different stages of healing,SF1 with favorable humidity sensitivity can be developed as a smart dressing for monitoring wound healing.Therefore,this work provides a simple preparation route of smart high-performance fiber for flexible electronic devices,smart dressing,and underwater smart textiles.
