In a series of laboratory incubations using soils of two contrasting sitesfrom a temperate marsh on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, potential methane (CH_4) oxidation rates weremeasured to study the effects of inorganic N ...In a series of laboratory incubations using soils of two contrasting sitesfrom a temperate marsh on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, potential methane (CH_4) oxidation rates weremeasured to study the effects of inorganic N inputs on CH_4 oxidation. For adrained site, subsurfacepeat (5--15 cm) at an initial 20 mu L CH_4 L^(-1) showed a significantly different (P < 0.05) CH_4oxidation rate compared to other soil depths, with a maximal rate of 20.9 ng CH_4 gDW (dryweight)^(-1) h^(-1); the underlying mineral soil layers (15--30 and 30--50 cm) also had a strongCH_4 oxidation capacity at about an initial 2 000 mu L CH_4 L^(-1). With a waterlogged site, theCH_4 oxidation rate in an aerobic incubation was significantly greater (P < 0 05) in the surfacesoil layer (0--5 cm) compared to the 15--30 and 30--50 cm depths. There was generally no or a veryweak effect from addition of NO_3^- on CH_4 oxidation. In marked contrast, NH_4^+ salts, such as(NH_4)_2SO_4, NH_4Cl and NH_4NO_3, exhibited strong inhibitions, which varied as a function of theadded salts and the initial CH_4 level Increasing NH_4^+ usually resulted in greater inhibition andincreasing initial CH_4 concentrations resulted in less NH_4^+ inhibition on CH4 oxidation innatural high-altitude, low-latitude wetlands could be as important as has been reported foragricultural and forest soils. The NH_4^+ effects on the CH_4 oxidation rate need to be furtherinvestigated in a wide range of natural wetland soil types.展开更多
Various branched and cyclic hydrocarbons are isolated from the Fushun oil shale and their carbon isotopes are determined. The analytical results show that the branched and cyclic hydrocarbons are fully separated from ...Various branched and cyclic hydrocarbons are isolated from the Fushun oil shale and their carbon isotopes are determined. The analytical results show that the branched and cyclic hydrocarbons are fully separated from n-alkanes by 5 molecular-sieve adduction using long time and cold solvent. The branched and cyclic hydrocarbon frac-tion obtained by this method is able to satisfy the analytic requests of GC-IRMS. The carbon isotopic compositions of these branched and cyclic hydrocarbons obtained from the sample indicate that they are derived from photoautotrophic algae, chemoautotrophic bacteria (-33.4—-39.0) and methanotrophic bacteria (-38.4—-46.3). However the long-chain 2-methyl-branched alkanes indicate that their carbon isotopic compositions reflect biological origin from higher plants. The carbon isotopic composition of C30 4-methyl sterane (-22.1? is the heaviest in all studied ste- ranes, showing that the carbon source or growth condition for its precursor, dinoflagellate, may be different from that of regular steranes. The variation trend of d 13C values between isomers of hopanes shows that 13C-enriched precursors take precedence in process of their epimerization. Methanotro-phic hopanes presented reveal the processes of strong trans-formation of organic matter and cycling of organic carbon in the water column and early diagenesis of oil shale.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project in Resource and Environment Fields, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX3-SW-128), the Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry (SJJ-01-07), and the National Key Basic Research
文摘In a series of laboratory incubations using soils of two contrasting sitesfrom a temperate marsh on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, potential methane (CH_4) oxidation rates weremeasured to study the effects of inorganic N inputs on CH_4 oxidation. For adrained site, subsurfacepeat (5--15 cm) at an initial 20 mu L CH_4 L^(-1) showed a significantly different (P < 0.05) CH_4oxidation rate compared to other soil depths, with a maximal rate of 20.9 ng CH_4 gDW (dryweight)^(-1) h^(-1); the underlying mineral soil layers (15--30 and 30--50 cm) also had a strongCH_4 oxidation capacity at about an initial 2 000 mu L CH_4 L^(-1). With a waterlogged site, theCH_4 oxidation rate in an aerobic incubation was significantly greater (P < 0 05) in the surfacesoil layer (0--5 cm) compared to the 15--30 and 30--50 cm depths. There was generally no or a veryweak effect from addition of NO_3^- on CH_4 oxidation. In marked contrast, NH_4^+ salts, such as(NH_4)_2SO_4, NH_4Cl and NH_4NO_3, exhibited strong inhibitions, which varied as a function of theadded salts and the initial CH_4 level Increasing NH_4^+ usually resulted in greater inhibition andincreasing initial CH_4 concentrations resulted in less NH_4^+ inhibition on CH4 oxidation innatural high-altitude, low-latitude wetlands could be as important as has been reported foragricultural and forest soils. The NH_4^+ effects on the CH_4 oxidation rate need to be furtherinvestigated in a wide range of natural wetland soil types.
基金This work wassupported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academyof Sciences (Grant No.KZCx3-sw-128), the “973”Programme ofChina (Grant No.2002CB211701), and the Foundation of the State KeyLaboratory of Gas Geochemistry.
文摘Various branched and cyclic hydrocarbons are isolated from the Fushun oil shale and their carbon isotopes are determined. The analytical results show that the branched and cyclic hydrocarbons are fully separated from n-alkanes by 5 molecular-sieve adduction using long time and cold solvent. The branched and cyclic hydrocarbon frac-tion obtained by this method is able to satisfy the analytic requests of GC-IRMS. The carbon isotopic compositions of these branched and cyclic hydrocarbons obtained from the sample indicate that they are derived from photoautotrophic algae, chemoautotrophic bacteria (-33.4—-39.0) and methanotrophic bacteria (-38.4—-46.3). However the long-chain 2-methyl-branched alkanes indicate that their carbon isotopic compositions reflect biological origin from higher plants. The carbon isotopic composition of C30 4-methyl sterane (-22.1? is the heaviest in all studied ste- ranes, showing that the carbon source or growth condition for its precursor, dinoflagellate, may be different from that of regular steranes. The variation trend of d 13C values between isomers of hopanes shows that 13C-enriched precursors take precedence in process of their epimerization. Methanotro-phic hopanes presented reveal the processes of strong trans-formation of organic matter and cycling of organic carbon in the water column and early diagenesis of oil shale.
