目的本研究测算了糖尿病员工归因于吸烟、饮酒和肥胖的伤残负担,是油田企业员工较为全面的主要慢性病归因负担测算,能为其危险因素防控提供科学依据。方法采用伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability,YLD)作为员工糖尿病的负担指...目的本研究测算了糖尿病员工归因于吸烟、饮酒和肥胖的伤残负担,是油田企业员工较为全面的主要慢性病归因负担测算,能为其危险因素防控提供科学依据。方法采用伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability,YLD)作为员工糖尿病的负担指标。基于比较风险评估框架中的反事实归因法,估计了油田员工糖尿病与不同行为方式的危险因素的人群归因分值(population attribution fraction,PAF),利用危险因素暴露率及其与相关疾病关联强度(relative risk,RR)计算归因危险度,进而计算了YLD的归因。采用比例改变模型预测2030年油田员工在不同危险因素防控场景下慢性病的YLD率,计算危险因素防控可避免的糖尿病的YLD。结果根据比例风险评估框架计算的人群归因分值可得男性员工由于吸烟、饮酒和肥胖导致糖尿病的归因分值均高于女性,女性在老年人群中归因负担较高,而男性在中青年时期归因负担较高。就男性而言,如果实现吸烟、饮酒和肥胖防控目标2030年的糖尿病YLD率较自然趋势分别下降17.53%、3.52%和56.20%。女性实现吸烟、饮酒和肥胖目标后的YLD率分别下降1.18%、1.32%和26.47%。糖尿病男性和女性员工均在肥胖防控假设达成后YLD率降幅最大。结论油田企业可以通过对员工健康危险因素和疾病负担的研究,制定和实施有针对性的健康管理计划,加强对员工健康的保障,提高员工的工作效率和生产力。展开更多
目的评估症状性盆腔器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)患者子宫托治疗前后抑郁状态的改变。方法前瞻性纳入2018年12月至2020年1月北京协和医院妇科行子宫托治疗的症状性POP患者。所有患者均提供环形带膜和牛角型子宫托,对试戴成功的...目的评估症状性盆腔器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)患者子宫托治疗前后抑郁状态的改变。方法前瞻性纳入2018年12月至2020年1月北京协和医院妇科行子宫托治疗的症状性POP患者。所有患者均提供环形带膜和牛角型子宫托,对试戴成功的患者随访3个月。采用中文验证后的抑郁症筛查量表(Patient Health Questionnare,PHQ-9)评估患者治疗前后的抑郁状态,得分越高表示抑郁症状越严重,总分为27分。患者得分≥10分为中度及以上抑郁,定义为抑郁组;<10分为无或轻微抑郁,定义为非抑郁组。结果218例症状性POP患者接受子宫托治疗,其中5例患者因无法回答问卷被排除,50例患者治疗失败,最终163例患者试戴成功并完成3个月随访。抑郁患者在治疗成功组(30/163,18.4%)和失败组(7/50,14.0%)的比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.108)。完成随访的163例患者中,治疗前抑郁组合并泌尿系症状的患者比例明显高于非抑郁组。抑郁组合并尿失禁、尿急患者为60%;非抑郁组合并尿失禁患者36.8%,合并尿急患者39.1%;两者差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。子宫托治疗3个月后,抑郁障碍患病率明显下降,由治疗前的18.4%降为4.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。抑郁障碍患者PHQ-9评分由治疗前的中位数14.5分降至治疗后5分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。戴托并发症发生最多的是阴道分泌物增多,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.648)。结论症状性POP患者中抑郁障碍的患病率为18.4%,合并尿失禁、尿急等泌尿系症状可能增加抑郁障碍的发生。子宫托治疗对缓解患者抑郁状态有效,子宫托治疗3个月后,POP患者抑郁障碍的患病率接近一般老年群体患病率。展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract on amino acid levels in the cerebral cortex of cerebral ischemia model rats induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).METHODS: A rat model of ...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract on amino acid levels in the cerebral cortex of cerebral ischemia model rats induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).METHODS: A rat model of cerebral ischemia was established by MCAO. Male rats were divided into a negative control group(Control), a sham-operated group(Sham), an ischemic group(MCAO), and an ischemic group treated with Ginkgo biloba leaf extract(MCAO_D). All groups were divided into two subgroups with occlusion times of 12 and 24 h, respectively. The levels of 18 endogenous amino acids in the cerebral cortex were quantified by triple quadrupole-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.RESULTS: Compared with the MCAO group, behavioral performance, neurological deficit score, and cerebral infarct volume were significantly improved in the MCAO_D group(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the sham group, the levels of 17 amino acids in the cerebral cortex were markedly changed in the MCAO group. The levels of Alanine(Ala), Isoleucine(Ile), Glutamic acid(Glu), Serine(Ser), Valine(Val), Phenylalanine(Phe), Proline(Pro),Threonine(Thr), Lysine(Lys), Tyrosine(Tyr), Hydroxyproline(Hyp), Arginine(Arg), Leucine(Leu),Tryptophan(Trp), and Glycine(Gly) were increased(P < 0.001, P < 0.05), while levels of Gln and Tau were decreased(P < 0.001, P < 0.05). Compared with the MCAO group, Ginkgo biloba extract treatment in the MCAO_D group significantly down-regulated the levels of 11 amino acids, especially those of Arg, Thr, and Ser in 12 or 24 h.CONCLUSION: Injection of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract has a therapeutic effect on model rats with MCAO-induced cerebral ischemia by acting on amino acids in the cerebral cortex. This effect might be associated with the regulation of amino acid metabolism in the cerebral cortex.展开更多
文摘目的:先天性出生缺陷是中国5岁以下儿童疾病负担的主要来源。本研究旨在通过分析1990年至2019年间中国5岁以下儿童不同先天性出生缺陷的疾病负担变化趋势,为加强出生缺陷综合防治提供科学依据。方法:基于2019年全球疾病负担研究(global burden disease,GBD)数据库,选取1990年至2019年中国5岁以下儿童先天性出生缺陷的发病率、死亡率及伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALYs)率作为评价指标,采用Joinpoint回归模型分析1990年至2019年30年间,不同类型先天性出生缺陷疾病负担的变化趋势,并按性别比较5岁以下儿童先天性出生缺陷疾病负担的差异。结果:与1990年相比,2019年中国5岁以下儿童先天性心脏异常(1931.91/10万)、先天性消化系统畸形(364.63/10万)、神经管畸形(277.20/10万)、先天性肌肉骨骼和肢体异常(133.33/10万)及唐氏综合征(128.22/10万)的DALYs率分别降低了70.78%、71.61%、86.21%、36.84%及73.65%。1990年至2019年,中国5岁以下儿童不同先天性出生缺陷的死亡率和DALYs率总体上均呈下降趋势,但先天性消化系统畸形和唐氏综合征的发病率分别在2005年和2001年后开始呈现逐渐上升趋势;除先天性肌肉骨骼和肢体异常外,其余几类出生缺陷的发病率均是男童高于女童。结论:1990年至2019年中国5岁以下儿童先天性出生缺陷的疾病负担大幅度下降,但先天性心脏异常疾病负担仍很严重且有些出生缺陷的发病率有上升趋势,需继续加强儿童出生缺陷的防治并根据其性别特征提出针对性措施。
文摘目的评估症状性盆腔器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)患者子宫托治疗前后抑郁状态的改变。方法前瞻性纳入2018年12月至2020年1月北京协和医院妇科行子宫托治疗的症状性POP患者。所有患者均提供环形带膜和牛角型子宫托,对试戴成功的患者随访3个月。采用中文验证后的抑郁症筛查量表(Patient Health Questionnare,PHQ-9)评估患者治疗前后的抑郁状态,得分越高表示抑郁症状越严重,总分为27分。患者得分≥10分为中度及以上抑郁,定义为抑郁组;<10分为无或轻微抑郁,定义为非抑郁组。结果218例症状性POP患者接受子宫托治疗,其中5例患者因无法回答问卷被排除,50例患者治疗失败,最终163例患者试戴成功并完成3个月随访。抑郁患者在治疗成功组(30/163,18.4%)和失败组(7/50,14.0%)的比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.108)。完成随访的163例患者中,治疗前抑郁组合并泌尿系症状的患者比例明显高于非抑郁组。抑郁组合并尿失禁、尿急患者为60%;非抑郁组合并尿失禁患者36.8%,合并尿急患者39.1%;两者差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。子宫托治疗3个月后,抑郁障碍患病率明显下降,由治疗前的18.4%降为4.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。抑郁障碍患者PHQ-9评分由治疗前的中位数14.5分降至治疗后5分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。戴托并发症发生最多的是阴道分泌物增多,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.648)。结论症状性POP患者中抑郁障碍的患病率为18.4%,合并尿失禁、尿急等泌尿系症状可能增加抑郁障碍的发生。子宫托治疗对缓解患者抑郁状态有效,子宫托治疗3个月后,POP患者抑郁障碍的患病率接近一般老年群体患病率。
基金supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (81330086)the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (81573726, 81403210)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2017-JYB-JS-054)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract on amino acid levels in the cerebral cortex of cerebral ischemia model rats induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).METHODS: A rat model of cerebral ischemia was established by MCAO. Male rats were divided into a negative control group(Control), a sham-operated group(Sham), an ischemic group(MCAO), and an ischemic group treated with Ginkgo biloba leaf extract(MCAO_D). All groups were divided into two subgroups with occlusion times of 12 and 24 h, respectively. The levels of 18 endogenous amino acids in the cerebral cortex were quantified by triple quadrupole-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.RESULTS: Compared with the MCAO group, behavioral performance, neurological deficit score, and cerebral infarct volume were significantly improved in the MCAO_D group(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the sham group, the levels of 17 amino acids in the cerebral cortex were markedly changed in the MCAO group. The levels of Alanine(Ala), Isoleucine(Ile), Glutamic acid(Glu), Serine(Ser), Valine(Val), Phenylalanine(Phe), Proline(Pro),Threonine(Thr), Lysine(Lys), Tyrosine(Tyr), Hydroxyproline(Hyp), Arginine(Arg), Leucine(Leu),Tryptophan(Trp), and Glycine(Gly) were increased(P < 0.001, P < 0.05), while levels of Gln and Tau were decreased(P < 0.001, P < 0.05). Compared with the MCAO group, Ginkgo biloba extract treatment in the MCAO_D group significantly down-regulated the levels of 11 amino acids, especially those of Arg, Thr, and Ser in 12 or 24 h.CONCLUSION: Injection of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract has a therapeutic effect on model rats with MCAO-induced cerebral ischemia by acting on amino acids in the cerebral cortex. This effect might be associated with the regulation of amino acid metabolism in the cerebral cortex.
