Epilepsy is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. However, despite the availability of more than 20 antiseizure medications, more than one-third of patients continue to experience seizures. Given the ...Epilepsy is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. However, despite the availability of more than 20 antiseizure medications, more than one-third of patients continue to experience seizures. Given the urgent need to explore new treatment strategies for epilepsy, recent research has highlighted the potential of targeting gliosis, metabolic disturbances, and neural circuit abnormalities as therapeutic strategies. Astrocytes, the largest group of nonneuronal cells in the central nervous system, play several crucial roles in maintaining ionic and energy metabolic homeostasis in neurons, regulating neurotransmitter levels, and modulating synaptic plasticity. This article briefly reviews the critical role of astrocytes in maintaining balance within the central nervous system. Building on previous research, we discuss how astrocyte dysfunction contributes to the onset and progression of epilepsy through four key aspects: the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neuronal signaling, dysregulation of metabolic homeostasis in the neuronal microenvironment, neuroinflammation, and the formation of abnormal neural circuits. We summarize relevant basic research conducted over the past 5 years that has focused on modulating astrocytes as a therapeutic approach for epilepsy. We categorize the therapeutic targets proposed by these studies into four areas: restoration of the excitation–inhibition balance, reestablishment of metabolic homeostasis, modulation of immune and inflammatory responses, and reconstruction of abnormal neural circuits. These targets correspond to the pathophysiological mechanisms by which astrocytes contribute to epilepsy. Additionally, we need to consider the potential challenges and limitations of translating these identified therapeutic targets into clinical treatments. These limitations arise from interspecies differences between humans and animal models, as well as the complex comorbidities associated with epilepsy in humans. We also highlight valuable future research directions worth exploring in the treatment of epilepsy and the regulation of astrocytes, such as gene therapy and imaging strategies. The findings presented in this review may help open new therapeutic avenues for patients with drugresistant epilepsy and for those suffering from other central nervous system disorders associated with astrocytic dysfunction.展开更多
NOx sensors, as a core component of diesel engine exhaust treatment system, play an important role in exhaust emission control, which can accurately and quickly detect the NOx and O2 concentration. It has become a nec...NOx sensors, as a core component of diesel engine exhaust treatment system, play an important role in exhaust emission control, which can accurately and quickly detect the NOx and O2 concentration. It has become a necessary option for the detection of existing exhaust emission standards. At present, there is limited and scattered information on knowledge and test methods of NOx sensors, the research of NOx sensors has become a challenging research topic at home and abroad. Based on these requirements, the article systematically integrates the knowledge of principle and testing methods. First of all, through introducing functional description of NOx sensors and the basic principle of NOx sensors, the relevant scholars can have an overall understanding of the product and master the operation mode of products. Secondly, the current status of performance test bench and methods of NOx sensors were described, which can contribute to having a clear understanding of the development process. After that, a new structure of NOx sensors test bench was purposed, which contains six major units including standard gas source, gas mixing unit, analyzer measurement unit, sensor measurement unit, data processing and display unit, exhaust gas treatment unit. And the test bench was validated. The experimental results show that the test bench has the advantages of high-repeatability, high reliability and low cost. And it can realize automatic detection of multiple target values, which is worthy further promotion. Thereby, the article can contribute to the development of its technology indirectly.展开更多
Combined pulsed laser(CPL),introduced in 1975 for target damage,integrates different lasers to achieve high peak power and pulse energy.However,despite decades of research,CPL remains unused for long-range target dama...Combined pulsed laser(CPL),introduced in 1975 for target damage,integrates different lasers to achieve high peak power and pulse energy.However,despite decades of research,CPL remains unused for long-range target damage due to the challenge of maintaining high peak power density over long distances.We note that a potential solution lies in leveraging the air filament generated by femtosecond laser,which can transmit peak power densities higher than 1014 W/cm^(2)under the power clamping effect.To address this,a concept of a femtosecond laser induced air filament-CW CPL for surface damage of ceramics was introduced.We found no surface changes in ceramic targets when irradiated with a CW laser alone.By way of contrast,the target can be penetrated in a very short time(20 ms)with the assistance of the femtosecond laser induced air filament.In this context,we employ high-speed shadow imaging,cross-timescale simulation models and macro-microscopic characterization,to elucidate the CPL damage mechanism.The optimal CPL,combining a 1 mJ femtosecond laser and a 500 W CW laser,yields a damage rate of 1.51×10^(7)μm^(3)/J,representing an improvement of approximately 175%compared to single femtosecond laser ablation and around 59%enhancement compared to coating-assisted CW laser ablation.Furthermore,the efficacy of the proposed femtosecond-CW CPL method is demonstrated in causing penetration damage of ceramic/metal composite material or direct damage of sapphire,showcasing its versatility in damaging applications.Consequently,the femtosecond-CW CPL ablation method presented in this paper holds great promise as a new type of damage method for transparent hard and brittle materials.展开更多
The ultrafast laser-matter interaction is explored to induce new pioneering principles and technologies into the realms of fundamental science and industrial production.The local thermal melting and connection propert...The ultrafast laser-matter interaction is explored to induce new pioneering principles and technologies into the realms of fundamental science and industrial production.The local thermal melting and connection properties of the ultrafast laser welding technology offer a novel method for welding of diverse transparent materials,thus having wide range of potential applications in aerospace,opto-mechanical systems,sensors,microfluidic,optics,etc.In this comprehensive review,tuning the transient electron activation processes,high-rate laser energy deposition,and dynamic evolution of plasma morphology by the temporal/spatial shaping methods have been demonstrated to facilitate the transition from conventional homogeneous transparent material welding to the more intricate realm of transparent/metal heterogeneous material welding.The welding strength and stability are also improvable through the implementation of real-time,in-situ monitoring techniques and the prompt diagnosis of welding defects.The principles of ultrafast laser welding,bottleneck problems in the welding,novel welding methods,advances in welding performance,in-situ monitoring and diagnosis,and various applications are reviewed.Finally,we offer a forward-looking perspective on the fundamental challenges within the field of ultrafast laser welding and identify key areas for future research,underscoring the imperative need for ongoing innovation and exploration.展开更多
Induced brain oscillations in the gamma range have recently garnered attention due to their reported neuroprotective effects in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.This method differs from pharmacological approaches...Induced brain oscillations in the gamma range have recently garnered attention due to their reported neuroprotective effects in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.This method differs from pharmacological approaches by tapping into the neuronal population dynamics that underlie the homeostatic processes in the brain that are crucial for the recovery of function.Recently,induced gamma-range oscillations have been used to improve cerebral blood flow,motor function,and synaptic plasticity in a mouse model of focal stroke,highlighting the broad potential of recruiting intrinsic recovery processes for the treatment of neurological conditions.Addressing open questions,such as the frequency specificity of the benefits,will shed light on the intrinsic processes involved and allow clinicians to optimize recovery after stroke.展开更多
BACKGROUND Aortic adverse remodeling remains a critical complication following thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR)for Stanford type B aortic dissection(TBAD),significantly impacting long-term survival.Accurate ...BACKGROUND Aortic adverse remodeling remains a critical complication following thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR)for Stanford type B aortic dissection(TBAD),significantly impacting long-term survival.Accurate risk prediction is essential for optimized clinical management.AIM To develop and validate a logistic regression-based risk prediction model for aortic adverse remodeling following TEVAR in patients with TBAD.METHODS This retrospective observational cohort study analyzed 140 TBAD patients undergoing TEVAR at a tertiary center(2019–2024).Based on European guidelines,patients were categorized into adverse remodeling(aortic growth rate>2.9 mm/year,n=45)and favorable remodeling groups(n=95).Comprehensive variables(clinical/imaging/surgical)were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression to develop a predictive model.Model performance was assessed via receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve(AUC)and Hosmer-Lemeshow tests.RESULTS Multivariable analysis identified several strong independent predictors of negative aortic remodeling.Larger false lumen diameter at the primary entry tear[odds ratio(OR):1.561,95%CI:1.197–2.035;P=0.001]and patency of the false lumen(OR:5.639,95%CI:4.372-8.181;P=0.004)were significant risk factors.False lumen involvement extending to the thoracoabdominal aorta was identified as the strongest predictor,significantly increasing the risk of adverse remodeling(OR:11.751,95%CI:9.841-15.612;P=0.001).Conversely,false lumen involvement confined to the thoracic aorta demonstrated a significant protective effect(OR:0.925,95%CI:0.614–0.831;P=0.015).The prediction model exhibited excellent discrimination(AUC=0.968)and calibration(Hosmer-Lemeshow P=0.824).CONCLUSION This validated risk prediction model identifies aortic adverse remodeling with high accuracy using routinely available clinical parameters.False lumen involvement thoracoabdominal aorta is the strongest predictor(11.751-fold increased risk).The tool enables preoperative risk stratification to guide tailored TEVAR strategies and improve long-term outcomes.展开更多
Perfect anomalous reflections have been demonstrated in optical phase gradient metasurfaces(PGMs),but they suffer from single-frequency(narrow-band)response due to the intrinsic limitation of natural geometric periodi...Perfect anomalous reflections have been demonstrated in optical phase gradient metasurfaces(PGMs),but they suffer from single-frequency(narrow-band)response due to the intrinsic limitation of natural geometric periodicity.Here,we provide both numerical and analytical evidence that a depth gradient metasurface can achieve discrete ultra-broadband perfect anomalous reflection in the microwave range in the absence of geometric periodicity.Remarkably,by adjusting the operating frequency of the incident wave,the same effect can be steadily obtained via a physically equivalent phase periodicity in the PGM.Based on this mechanism,a perfect retroreflector with a broadband response ranging from 1 GHz to 40 GHz is realized.Our work has promising applications in communication,source tracking,and military satellites.展开更多
This work elaborates an innovative mesh denoising approach that combines feature recovery and denoising in an alternating manner.It proposes a feature-driven variational model and introduces an iterative scheme that a...This work elaborates an innovative mesh denoising approach that combines feature recovery and denoising in an alternating manner.It proposes a feature-driven variational model and introduces an iterative scheme that alternates between feature recovery and the denoising process.The main idea is to estimate feature candidates,filter noisy face normals in the smooth(non-feature)domain,and utilize erosion and dilation operators on the feature candidates.By imposing connectivity constraints on normal vectors with large amplitude variations,the proposed scheme effectively removes noise and progressively recovers both sharp and small-scale features during the iterative process.To validate its effectiveness,this work conducts extensive numerical experiments on both simulated and real-scanned data.The results demonstrate significant improvements in noise reduction and feature preservation compared to existing methods.展开更多
For P91 steel weldment,performing post-weld heat treatment immediately after welding can enhance welding efficiency and reduce the risk of hydrogen-induced cracking.However,determining the post-weld cooling temperatur...For P91 steel weldment,performing post-weld heat treatment immediately after welding can enhance welding efficiency and reduce the risk of hydrogen-induced cracking.However,determining the post-weld cooling temperature(PWCT)is challenging due to potential impact on the mechanical properties of weldment after subsequent heat treatment.A systematic investigation is conducted to explore the effect of PWCT on the impact toughness of P91 steel welded joints.It has been demonstrated that the impact energy of the weld metal gradually increases from 40.2 to 49.5 J as the PWCT decreases from 300 to 100℃.Microstructural analysis reveals that PWCTs above 100℃ led to an increased dislocation density in the weld metal.Furthermore,in situ observations using a high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscope confirm that excessively high PWCTs result in the formation of untempered martensite after post-weld heat treatment.Such untempered martensites are identified as the primary cause of the reduced impact toughness in the weld metal.These findings underscore the importance of carefully controlling PWCT in welding procedures for P91 steel and similar grades.展开更多
This paper systematically categorizes the primary composition of star anise(Illicium verum),including volatile oils,flavonoids,phenolic acids,and sesquiterpene lactones,and further analyzes the pharmacological activit...This paper systematically categorizes the primary composition of star anise(Illicium verum),including volatile oils,flavonoids,phenolic acids,and sesquiterpene lactones,and further analyzes the pharmacological activities,such as antibacterial,analgesic,anti-inflammatory,and antioxidant effects.Additionally,it summarizes key aspects of extraction techniques,analytical methods,and fresh material processing technologies.The objective is to provide a robust foundation for enhancing research methods and technological standards related to star anise,thereby improving resource utilization efficiency and facilitating its industrial applications.展开更多
The labels of VU1 and VU2 in Fig.1(b)of the paper[Chin.Phys.B 34046801(2025)]were not correctly placed.The correct figure is provided.This modification does not affect the result presented in the paper.
Earth-to-Moon missions with low thrust-to-weight ratios present unique challenges for exoatmospheric guidance,and the existing algorithms are ineffective for the unprecedentedly long burn arcs and high orbital eccentr...Earth-to-Moon missions with low thrust-to-weight ratios present unique challenges for exoatmospheric guidance,and the existing algorithms are ineffective for the unprecedentedly long burn arcs and high orbital eccentricities.To address these challenges,a Long Burn Arc Powered Explicit Guidance(LBA-PEG)algorithm is developed and compared with the existing algorithms.In the proposed LBA-PEG algorithm,a fully numerical thrust prediction method is developed to accurately predict the highly nonlinear thrust effects over long burn arcs.Moreover,a real-time Newton correction method is proposed to correct the orbit injection point,remedying the position-velocity coupling induced by high orbital eccentricities.The comparison between the proposed algorithm and the existing algorithm shows that the proposed algorithm surpasses the existing ones by significantly enhancing fuel efficiency and improving tolerance to thrust decrease.The proposed LBA-PEG algorithm can adapt to a 65%thrust decrease,which is 12%–22%larger than that of the existing algorithms,and it can still reliably converge and complete the guidance mission even when the length of the burn arc exceeds 90°.The proposed LBA-PEG highlights the algorithm's adaptability for long burn arc missions,especially in critical scenarios such as manned Earth-to-Moon missions.展开更多
Objective This systematic review examines recent pharmacoeconomic literature on denosumab'cost-effectiveness for bone metastasis treatment,providing evidence-based insights to guide healthcare policy decisions.Met...Objective This systematic review examines recent pharmacoeconomic literature on denosumab'cost-effectiveness for bone metastasis treatment,providing evidence-based insights to guide healthcare policy decisions.Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed across Cochrane,PubMed,EMBASE(Ovid),CNKI,and Wanfang databases to identify original articles published between 2017 and 2023.Key words consisted of bone metastases,denosumab,and cost-effectiveness in the search strategy.The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed utilizing the revised Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards(CHEERS 2022).Data was extracted regarding methodological characteristics and cost-effectiveness analyses.Results A total of 111 studies were retrieved,of which 6 met the inclusion criteria.All included studies were based on clinical trials and published literature data and exhibited high methodological quality.Up to 83%(5 out of 6)of comparisons demonstrated that denosumab was more cost-effective or dominant compared to zoledronic acid.The adjusted incremental cost-effectiveness ratios varied substantially by tumor type,ranging from CZK 436,339.09 to USD 136,234 per skeletal-related event avoided and from CZK 61,580.95 to USD 118,392.11 per quality-adjusted life year gained.Conclusions The majority of the included studies support denosumab as a more cost-effective treatment option for bone metastases in solid tumors compared to zoledronic acid.The application of CHEER(2022)enhances the reliability of pharmacoeconomic evaluations.展开更多
BACKGROUND The global prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)has continued to increase annually.Recent studies have indicated that inhibition of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5(...BACKGROUND The global prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)has continued to increase annually.Recent studies have indicated that inhibition of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5(mGluR5)may alleviate hepatic steatosis.However,the precise mechanism warrants further exploration.AIM To investigate the potential mechanism by which mGluR5 attenuates hepatocyte steatosis in vitro and in vivo.METHODS Free fatty acids(FFAs)-stimulated HepG2 cells were treated with the mGluR5 antagonist MPEP and the mGluR5 agonist CHPG.Oil Red O staining and a triglyceride assay kit were used to evaluate lipid content.Western blot analysis was conducted to detect the expression of the autophagy-associated proteins p62 and LC3-II,as well as the expression of the key signaling molecules AMPK and ULK1,in the treated cells.To further elucidate the contributions of autophagy and AMPK,we used chloroquine(CQ)to inhibit autophagy and compound C(CC)to inhibit AMPK activity.In parallel,wild-type mice and mGluR5 knockout(KO)mice fed a normal chow diet or a high-fat diet(HFD)were used to evaluate the effect of mGluR5 inhibition in vivo.RESULTS mGluR5 inhibition by MPEP attenuated hepatocellular steatosis and increased LC3-II and p62 protein expression.The autophagy inhibitor CQ reversed the effects of MPEP.In addition,MPEP promoted AMPK and ULK1 expression in HepG2 cells exposed to FFAs.MPEP treatment led to the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB,which is known to promote p62 expression.This effect was negated by the AMPK inhibitor CC.mGluR5 KO mice presented reduced body weight,improved glucose tolerance and reduced hyperlipidemia when fed a HFD.Additionally,the livers of HFD-fed mGluR5 KO mice presented increases in LC3-II and p62.CONCLUSION Our results suggest that mGluR5 inhibition promoted autophagy and reduced hepatocyte steatosis through activation of the AMPK signaling pathway.These findings reveal a new functional mechanism of mGluR5 as a target in the treatment of MASLD.展开更多
Recent advancements in passive wireless sensor technology have significantly extended the application scope of sensing,particularly in challenging environments for monitoring industry and healthcare applications.These...Recent advancements in passive wireless sensor technology have significantly extended the application scope of sensing,particularly in challenging environments for monitoring industry and healthcare applications.These systems are equipped with battery-free operation,wireless connectivity,and are designed to be both miniaturized and lightweight.Such features enable the safe,real-time monitoring of industrial environments and support high-precision physiological measurements in confined internal body spaces and on wearable epidermal devices.Despite the exploration into diverse application environments,the development of a systematic and comprehensive research framework for system architecture remains elusive,which hampers further optimization of these systems.This review,therefore,begins with an examination of application scenarios,progresses to evaluate current system architectures,and discusses the function of each component—specifically,the passive sensor module,the wireless communication model,and the readout module—within the context of key implementations in target sensing systems.Furthermore,we present case studies that demonstrate the feasibility of proposed classified components for sensing scenarios,derived from this systematic approach.By outlining a research trajectory for the application of passive wireless systems in sensing technologies,this paper aims to establish a foundation for more advanced,user-friendly applications.展开更多
Linearly polarized photodetectors(PDs),leveraging the inherent structural and material information encoded in light's polarization state,hold transformative potential for applications ranging from remote sensing t...Linearly polarized photodetectors(PDs),leveraging the inherent structural and material information encoded in light's polarization state,hold transformative potential for applications ranging from remote sensing to biomedical imaging.Traditional systems that rely on external polarizing elements face challenges in miniaturization and efficiency,driving interest in materials with intrinsic anisotropy.Low-dimensional metal halide perovskites,distinguished by their tunable bandgaps,high carrier mobility,and quantum confinement effects,have emerged as a groundbreaking platform for next-generation polarized PDs.This review comprehensively summarizes the theory,materials,and device engineering of linearly polarized PDs based on low-dimensional perovskites.It aims to elucidate polarization mechanisms across dimensions by establishing a rigorous theoretical foundation for linearly polarized PDs of low-dimensional perovskites.Beyond theoretical insights,the review also highlights cutting-edge fabrication techniques for one-dimensional nano wires and two-dimensional heterostructures,along with performance benchmarks of state-of-the-art devices.By integrating experimental advancements with theoretical insights,this work not only advances the fundamental understanding of polarization mechanisms but also outlines actionable pathways for optimizing device performance,stability,and scalability,which may serve as a critical resource for researchers aiming to harness the full potential of low-dimensional perovskites in polarized optoelectronics.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)moirésuperlattices have emerged as a versatile platform for uncovering exotic quantum phases,many of which arise in bilayer systems exhibiting Archimedean tessellation patterns such as triangul...Two-dimensional(2D)moirésuperlattices have emerged as a versatile platform for uncovering exotic quantum phases,many of which arise in bilayer systems exhibiting Archimedean tessellation patterns such as triangular,hexagonal,and kagome lattices.Here,we propose a strategy to engineer semiregular tessellation patterns in untwisted bilayer graphene by applying anisotropic epitaxial tensile strain(AETS)along crystallographic directions.Through force-field and firstprinciples calculations,we demonstrate that AETS can induce a rich variety of semiregular tessellation geometries,including truncated hextille,prismatic pentagon,and brick-phase arrangements.Characteristic electronic Dirac and flat bands of the lattice models associated with these semiregular tessellations are observed near the Fermi level,arising from interlayer interactions generated by the spatial rearrangement of AB,BA,and SP domains.Furthermore,the real-space observations of electronic kagome,distorted Lieb,brick-like,and one-dimensional stripe lattices demonstrate that AETS enables tunable semiregular tessellation lattices.Our study identifies AETS as a promising new degree of freedom in moiréengineering,offering a reproducible and scalable platform for exploring exotic electronic lattices in moirésystems.展开更多
Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)homeostasis is vital to cell physiological functions.Glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78)is a molecular chaperone considered a sensor of ER stress and participates in maintaining ER homeostasis...Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)homeostasis is vital to cell physiological functions.Glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78)is a molecular chaperone considered a sensor of ER stress and participates in maintaining ER homeostasis.However,very few studies have provided detailed descriptions of crustacean GRP78 genes.The complete coding sequence of the GRP78 of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis was obtained and termed NdGRP78 in this study.Sequence analysis showed that the open reading frame of NdGRP78 encodes a protein of 656 amino acid residues,and the encoded protein includes three heat shock proteins 70(HSP70)family conservational motifs,one ATP/GTP binding site A,and one ER homolog region.Multiple sequence alignments demonstrated that the sequences of these key protein functional domains were highly conserved.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NdGRP78 protein belongs to a member of the HSP70 family.The NdGRP78 mRNA was detected in all tested tissues by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR),suggesting that the NdGRP78 mRNA was the constituent expression in N.denticulata sinensis.The in-situ hybridization result showed that the expression of NdGRP78 mRNA occurred in all types of hepatopancreas cells.Furthermore,the NdGRP78 expression was significantly increased when shrimp were transferred into Vibrio parahaemolyticus-EGFP infected conditions,low or high temperature,and hypoxia.The above results indicate that NdGRP78 expressions were associated with stress responses.This study provided a theoretical support to the good understanding of the role of NdGRP78 in response to different types of environmental stress tolerance.展开更多
Microstructural evolution features have been systematically investigated for the weld metal of EH36 shipbuilding steel under an in situ confocal scanning laser microscope.The influence of cooling rate on microstructur...Microstructural evolution features have been systematically investigated for the weld metal of EH36 shipbuilding steel under an in situ confocal scanning laser microscope.The influence of cooling rate on microstructural changes during the transformation from austenite to ferrite has been clarified.It is found that ferrite side plates form preceding to acicular ferrites,although the starting temperature of respective component decreases as the cooling rate is raised.In particular,the growth rate of acicular ferrite is measured to increase significantly,rising from 30.4μm/s at a cooling rate of 3 K/s to 109.0μm/s at 15 K/s,driven primarily by an ever-increasing degree of undercooling.These findings highlight the critical role of cooling rate in dictating the sequence and growth rate of microstructural transformations,which is crucial for optimizing welding processes to obtain desired microstructures while avoiding the formation of deleterious components.展开更多
Kagome materials are known for hosting exotic quantum states,including quantum spin liquids,charge density waves,and unconventional superconductivity.The search for kagome monolayers is driven by their ability to exhi...Kagome materials are known for hosting exotic quantum states,including quantum spin liquids,charge density waves,and unconventional superconductivity.The search for kagome monolayers is driven by their ability to exhibit neat and well-defined kagome bands near the Fermi level,which are more easily realized in the absence of interlayer interactions.However,this absence also destabilizes the monolayer forms of many bulk kagome materials,posing significant challenges to their discovery.In this work,we propose a strategy to address this challenge by utilizing oxygen vacancies in transition metal oxides within a“1+3”design framework.Through high-throughput computational screening of 349 candidate materials,we identified 12 thermodynamically stable kagome monolayers with diverse electronic and magnetic properties.These materials were classified into three categories based on their lattice geometry,symmetry,band gaps,and magnetic configurations.Detailed analysis of three representative monolayers revealed kagome band features near their Fermi levels,with orbital contributions varying between oxygen 2p and transition metal d states.This study demonstrates the feasibility of the“1+3”strategy,offering a promising approach to uncovering low-dimensional kagome materials and advancing the exploration of their quantum phenomena.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No. 2023YFF0714200 (to CW)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos. 82472038 and 82202224 (both to CW)+3 种基金the Shanghai Rising-Star Program,No. 23QA1407700 (to CW)the Construction Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging,No. 18DZ2260400 (to CW)the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars,No. 82025019 (to CL)the Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou)(to CW)。
文摘Epilepsy is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. However, despite the availability of more than 20 antiseizure medications, more than one-third of patients continue to experience seizures. Given the urgent need to explore new treatment strategies for epilepsy, recent research has highlighted the potential of targeting gliosis, metabolic disturbances, and neural circuit abnormalities as therapeutic strategies. Astrocytes, the largest group of nonneuronal cells in the central nervous system, play several crucial roles in maintaining ionic and energy metabolic homeostasis in neurons, regulating neurotransmitter levels, and modulating synaptic plasticity. This article briefly reviews the critical role of astrocytes in maintaining balance within the central nervous system. Building on previous research, we discuss how astrocyte dysfunction contributes to the onset and progression of epilepsy through four key aspects: the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neuronal signaling, dysregulation of metabolic homeostasis in the neuronal microenvironment, neuroinflammation, and the formation of abnormal neural circuits. We summarize relevant basic research conducted over the past 5 years that has focused on modulating astrocytes as a therapeutic approach for epilepsy. We categorize the therapeutic targets proposed by these studies into four areas: restoration of the excitation–inhibition balance, reestablishment of metabolic homeostasis, modulation of immune and inflammatory responses, and reconstruction of abnormal neural circuits. These targets correspond to the pathophysiological mechanisms by which astrocytes contribute to epilepsy. Additionally, we need to consider the potential challenges and limitations of translating these identified therapeutic targets into clinical treatments. These limitations arise from interspecies differences between humans and animal models, as well as the complex comorbidities associated with epilepsy in humans. We also highlight valuable future research directions worth exploring in the treatment of epilepsy and the regulation of astrocytes, such as gene therapy and imaging strategies. The findings presented in this review may help open new therapeutic avenues for patients with drugresistant epilepsy and for those suffering from other central nervous system disorders associated with astrocytic dysfunction.
文摘NOx sensors, as a core component of diesel engine exhaust treatment system, play an important role in exhaust emission control, which can accurately and quickly detect the NOx and O2 concentration. It has become a necessary option for the detection of existing exhaust emission standards. At present, there is limited and scattered information on knowledge and test methods of NOx sensors, the research of NOx sensors has become a challenging research topic at home and abroad. Based on these requirements, the article systematically integrates the knowledge of principle and testing methods. First of all, through introducing functional description of NOx sensors and the basic principle of NOx sensors, the relevant scholars can have an overall understanding of the product and master the operation mode of products. Secondly, the current status of performance test bench and methods of NOx sensors were described, which can contribute to having a clear understanding of the development process. After that, a new structure of NOx sensors test bench was purposed, which contains six major units including standard gas source, gas mixing unit, analyzer measurement unit, sensor measurement unit, data processing and display unit, exhaust gas treatment unit. And the test bench was validated. The experimental results show that the test bench has the advantages of high-repeatability, high reliability and low cost. And it can realize automatic detection of multiple target values, which is worthy further promotion. Thereby, the article can contribute to the development of its technology indirectly.
基金supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52105498)The science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2021RC3074)+2 种基金Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province(AHL2022KF04)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB14605500)Changsha Natural Science Foundation(kq2402089).
文摘Combined pulsed laser(CPL),introduced in 1975 for target damage,integrates different lasers to achieve high peak power and pulse energy.However,despite decades of research,CPL remains unused for long-range target damage due to the challenge of maintaining high peak power density over long distances.We note that a potential solution lies in leveraging the air filament generated by femtosecond laser,which can transmit peak power densities higher than 1014 W/cm^(2)under the power clamping effect.To address this,a concept of a femtosecond laser induced air filament-CW CPL for surface damage of ceramics was introduced.We found no surface changes in ceramic targets when irradiated with a CW laser alone.By way of contrast,the target can be penetrated in a very short time(20 ms)with the assistance of the femtosecond laser induced air filament.In this context,we employ high-speed shadow imaging,cross-timescale simulation models and macro-microscopic characterization,to elucidate the CPL damage mechanism.The optimal CPL,combining a 1 mJ femtosecond laser and a 500 W CW laser,yields a damage rate of 1.51×10^(7)μm^(3)/J,representing an improvement of approximately 175%compared to single femtosecond laser ablation and around 59%enhancement compared to coating-assisted CW laser ablation.Furthermore,the efficacy of the proposed femtosecond-CW CPL method is demonstrated in causing penetration damage of ceramic/metal composite material or direct damage of sapphire,showcasing its versatility in damaging applications.Consequently,the femtosecond-CW CPL ablation method presented in this paper holds great promise as a new type of damage method for transparent hard and brittle materials.
基金supports from National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB4605500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52105498)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2022JJ40597)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2022RC1132)State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance(Grant No.ZZYJKT2023-08)support in analyzing the status of ultrafast laser welding applications,as well as the corresponding project support(Grant No.HKF202400595).
文摘The ultrafast laser-matter interaction is explored to induce new pioneering principles and technologies into the realms of fundamental science and industrial production.The local thermal melting and connection properties of the ultrafast laser welding technology offer a novel method for welding of diverse transparent materials,thus having wide range of potential applications in aerospace,opto-mechanical systems,sensors,microfluidic,optics,etc.In this comprehensive review,tuning the transient electron activation processes,high-rate laser energy deposition,and dynamic evolution of plasma morphology by the temporal/spatial shaping methods have been demonstrated to facilitate the transition from conventional homogeneous transparent material welding to the more intricate realm of transparent/metal heterogeneous material welding.The welding strength and stability are also improvable through the implementation of real-time,in-situ monitoring techniques and the prompt diagnosis of welding defects.The principles of ultrafast laser welding,bottleneck problems in the welding,novel welding methods,advances in welding performance,in-situ monitoring and diagnosis,and various applications are reviewed.Finally,we offer a forward-looking perspective on the fundamental challenges within the field of ultrafast laser welding and identify key areas for future research,underscoring the imperative need for ongoing innovation and exploration.
基金supported by the Brazil Family Program for Neurology(to MB),Alastair Rushworth Research Fund(to MS),Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship(to MS),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202787)(to CW).
文摘Induced brain oscillations in the gamma range have recently garnered attention due to their reported neuroprotective effects in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.This method differs from pharmacological approaches by tapping into the neuronal population dynamics that underlie the homeostatic processes in the brain that are crucial for the recovery of function.Recently,induced gamma-range oscillations have been used to improve cerebral blood flow,motor function,and synaptic plasticity in a mouse model of focal stroke,highlighting the broad potential of recruiting intrinsic recovery processes for the treatment of neurological conditions.Addressing open questions,such as the frequency specificity of the benefits,will shed light on the intrinsic processes involved and allow clinicians to optimize recovery after stroke.
基金Supported by Zhangjiajie"Xiao He(Young Talent)"Project,No.2024XHRC03Jishou University School-Level Research Project.
文摘BACKGROUND Aortic adverse remodeling remains a critical complication following thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR)for Stanford type B aortic dissection(TBAD),significantly impacting long-term survival.Accurate risk prediction is essential for optimized clinical management.AIM To develop and validate a logistic regression-based risk prediction model for aortic adverse remodeling following TEVAR in patients with TBAD.METHODS This retrospective observational cohort study analyzed 140 TBAD patients undergoing TEVAR at a tertiary center(2019–2024).Based on European guidelines,patients were categorized into adverse remodeling(aortic growth rate>2.9 mm/year,n=45)and favorable remodeling groups(n=95).Comprehensive variables(clinical/imaging/surgical)were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression to develop a predictive model.Model performance was assessed via receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve(AUC)and Hosmer-Lemeshow tests.RESULTS Multivariable analysis identified several strong independent predictors of negative aortic remodeling.Larger false lumen diameter at the primary entry tear[odds ratio(OR):1.561,95%CI:1.197–2.035;P=0.001]and patency of the false lumen(OR:5.639,95%CI:4.372-8.181;P=0.004)were significant risk factors.False lumen involvement extending to the thoracoabdominal aorta was identified as the strongest predictor,significantly increasing the risk of adverse remodeling(OR:11.751,95%CI:9.841-15.612;P=0.001).Conversely,false lumen involvement confined to the thoracic aorta demonstrated a significant protective effect(OR:0.925,95%CI:0.614–0.831;P=0.015).The prediction model exhibited excellent discrimination(AUC=0.968)and calibration(Hosmer-Lemeshow P=0.824).CONCLUSION This validated risk prediction model identifies aortic adverse remodeling with high accuracy using routinely available clinical parameters.False lumen involvement thoracoabdominal aorta is the strongest predictor(11.751-fold increased risk).The tool enables preoperative risk stratification to guide tailored TEVAR strategies and improve long-term outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274313,62275184,and 62411540033)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology,Suzhou Basic Research Project(Grant No.SJC2023003)+1 种基金the Gusu Leading Talent Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation and Entrepreneurship(Grant No.ZXL2024400)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Perfect anomalous reflections have been demonstrated in optical phase gradient metasurfaces(PGMs),but they suffer from single-frequency(narrow-band)response due to the intrinsic limitation of natural geometric periodicity.Here,we provide both numerical and analytical evidence that a depth gradient metasurface can achieve discrete ultra-broadband perfect anomalous reflection in the microwave range in the absence of geometric periodicity.Remarkably,by adjusting the operating frequency of the incident wave,the same effect can be steadily obtained via a physically equivalent phase periodicity in the PGM.Based on this mechanism,a perfect retroreflector with a broadband response ranging from 1 GHz to 40 GHz is realized.Our work has promising applications in communication,source tracking,and military satellites.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62476219,62206220,12271140,12326609)the Young Talent Fund of Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi,China(20230140)+1 种基金the Chunhui Program of Ministry of Education of China(HZKY20220537)the Fundamental Funds for the Central Universities(G2023KY0601).
文摘This work elaborates an innovative mesh denoising approach that combines feature recovery and denoising in an alternating manner.It proposes a feature-driven variational model and introduces an iterative scheme that alternates between feature recovery and the denoising process.The main idea is to estimate feature candidates,filter noisy face normals in the smooth(non-feature)domain,and utilize erosion and dilation operators on the feature candidates.By imposing connectivity constraints on normal vectors with large amplitude variations,the proposed scheme effectively removes noise and progressively recovers both sharp and small-scale features during the iterative process.To validate its effectiveness,this work conducts extensive numerical experiments on both simulated and real-scanned data.The results demonstrate significant improvements in noise reduction and feature preservation compared to existing methods.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0123300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A20277 and 52474351)Major Project of Liaoning Province Innovation Consortium(No.2023JH1/11200012).
文摘For P91 steel weldment,performing post-weld heat treatment immediately after welding can enhance welding efficiency and reduce the risk of hydrogen-induced cracking.However,determining the post-weld cooling temperature(PWCT)is challenging due to potential impact on the mechanical properties of weldment after subsequent heat treatment.A systematic investigation is conducted to explore the effect of PWCT on the impact toughness of P91 steel welded joints.It has been demonstrated that the impact energy of the weld metal gradually increases from 40.2 to 49.5 J as the PWCT decreases from 300 to 100℃.Microstructural analysis reveals that PWCTs above 100℃ led to an increased dislocation density in the weld metal.Furthermore,in situ observations using a high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscope confirm that excessively high PWCTs result in the formation of untempered martensite after post-weld heat treatment.Such untempered martensites are identified as the primary cause of the reduced impact toughness in the weld metal.These findings underscore the importance of carefully controlling PWCT in welding procedures for P91 steel and similar grades.
基金Supported by Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(GXZYA20230001)Research Fund Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Medicinal Botanical Garden(202304).
文摘This paper systematically categorizes the primary composition of star anise(Illicium verum),including volatile oils,flavonoids,phenolic acids,and sesquiterpene lactones,and further analyzes the pharmacological activities,such as antibacterial,analgesic,anti-inflammatory,and antioxidant effects.Additionally,it summarizes key aspects of extraction techniques,analytical methods,and fresh material processing technologies.The objective is to provide a robust foundation for enhancing research methods and technological standards related to star anise,thereby improving resource utilization efficiency and facilitating its industrial applications.
文摘The labels of VU1 and VU2 in Fig.1(b)of the paper[Chin.Phys.B 34046801(2025)]were not correctly placed.The correct figure is provided.This modification does not affect the result presented in the paper.
文摘Earth-to-Moon missions with low thrust-to-weight ratios present unique challenges for exoatmospheric guidance,and the existing algorithms are ineffective for the unprecedentedly long burn arcs and high orbital eccentricities.To address these challenges,a Long Burn Arc Powered Explicit Guidance(LBA-PEG)algorithm is developed and compared with the existing algorithms.In the proposed LBA-PEG algorithm,a fully numerical thrust prediction method is developed to accurately predict the highly nonlinear thrust effects over long burn arcs.Moreover,a real-time Newton correction method is proposed to correct the orbit injection point,remedying the position-velocity coupling induced by high orbital eccentricities.The comparison between the proposed algorithm and the existing algorithm shows that the proposed algorithm surpasses the existing ones by significantly enhancing fuel efficiency and improving tolerance to thrust decrease.The proposed LBA-PEG algorithm can adapt to a 65%thrust decrease,which is 12%–22%larger than that of the existing algorithms,and it can still reliably converge and complete the guidance mission even when the length of the burn arc exceeds 90°.The proposed LBA-PEG highlights the algorithm's adaptability for long burn arc missions,especially in critical scenarios such as manned Earth-to-Moon missions.
文摘Objective This systematic review examines recent pharmacoeconomic literature on denosumab'cost-effectiveness for bone metastasis treatment,providing evidence-based insights to guide healthcare policy decisions.Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed across Cochrane,PubMed,EMBASE(Ovid),CNKI,and Wanfang databases to identify original articles published between 2017 and 2023.Key words consisted of bone metastases,denosumab,and cost-effectiveness in the search strategy.The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed utilizing the revised Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards(CHEERS 2022).Data was extracted regarding methodological characteristics and cost-effectiveness analyses.Results A total of 111 studies were retrieved,of which 6 met the inclusion criteria.All included studies were based on clinical trials and published literature data and exhibited high methodological quality.Up to 83%(5 out of 6)of comparisons demonstrated that denosumab was more cost-effective or dominant compared to zoledronic acid.The adjusted incremental cost-effectiveness ratios varied substantially by tumor type,ranging from CZK 436,339.09 to USD 136,234 per skeletal-related event avoided and from CZK 61,580.95 to USD 118,392.11 per quality-adjusted life year gained.Conclusions The majority of the included studies support denosumab as a more cost-effective treatment option for bone metastases in solid tumors compared to zoledronic acid.The application of CHEER(2022)enhances the reliability of pharmacoeconomic evaluations.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81800771 and No.81300702.
文摘BACKGROUND The global prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)has continued to increase annually.Recent studies have indicated that inhibition of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5(mGluR5)may alleviate hepatic steatosis.However,the precise mechanism warrants further exploration.AIM To investigate the potential mechanism by which mGluR5 attenuates hepatocyte steatosis in vitro and in vivo.METHODS Free fatty acids(FFAs)-stimulated HepG2 cells were treated with the mGluR5 antagonist MPEP and the mGluR5 agonist CHPG.Oil Red O staining and a triglyceride assay kit were used to evaluate lipid content.Western blot analysis was conducted to detect the expression of the autophagy-associated proteins p62 and LC3-II,as well as the expression of the key signaling molecules AMPK and ULK1,in the treated cells.To further elucidate the contributions of autophagy and AMPK,we used chloroquine(CQ)to inhibit autophagy and compound C(CC)to inhibit AMPK activity.In parallel,wild-type mice and mGluR5 knockout(KO)mice fed a normal chow diet or a high-fat diet(HFD)were used to evaluate the effect of mGluR5 inhibition in vivo.RESULTS mGluR5 inhibition by MPEP attenuated hepatocellular steatosis and increased LC3-II and p62 protein expression.The autophagy inhibitor CQ reversed the effects of MPEP.In addition,MPEP promoted AMPK and ULK1 expression in HepG2 cells exposed to FFAs.MPEP treatment led to the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB,which is known to promote p62 expression.This effect was negated by the AMPK inhibitor CC.mGluR5 KO mice presented reduced body weight,improved glucose tolerance and reduced hyperlipidemia when fed a HFD.Additionally,the livers of HFD-fed mGluR5 KO mice presented increases in LC3-II and p62.CONCLUSION Our results suggest that mGluR5 inhibition promoted autophagy and reduced hepatocyte steatosis through activation of the AMPK signaling pathway.These findings reveal a new functional mechanism of mGluR5 as a target in the treatment of MASLD.
基金partially supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(No.2018R1A6A1A03025242)by the Korea government(MIST)(RS-2023-00302751,RS-2024-00343686)the Research Grant of Kwangwoon University in 2024。
文摘Recent advancements in passive wireless sensor technology have significantly extended the application scope of sensing,particularly in challenging environments for monitoring industry and healthcare applications.These systems are equipped with battery-free operation,wireless connectivity,and are designed to be both miniaturized and lightweight.Such features enable the safe,real-time monitoring of industrial environments and support high-precision physiological measurements in confined internal body spaces and on wearable epidermal devices.Despite the exploration into diverse application environments,the development of a systematic and comprehensive research framework for system architecture remains elusive,which hampers further optimization of these systems.This review,therefore,begins with an examination of application scenarios,progresses to evaluate current system architectures,and discusses the function of each component—specifically,the passive sensor module,the wireless communication model,and the readout module—within the context of key implementations in target sensing systems.Furthermore,we present case studies that demonstrate the feasibility of proposed classified components for sensing scenarios,derived from this systematic approach.By outlining a research trajectory for the application of passive wireless systems in sensing technologies,this paper aims to establish a foundation for more advanced,user-friendly applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62205011,52473305,92256202,and 12261131500)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.PY2507)Qian Xuesen Youth Innovation Fund of CASC
文摘Linearly polarized photodetectors(PDs),leveraging the inherent structural and material information encoded in light's polarization state,hold transformative potential for applications ranging from remote sensing to biomedical imaging.Traditional systems that rely on external polarizing elements face challenges in miniaturization and efficiency,driving interest in materials with intrinsic anisotropy.Low-dimensional metal halide perovskites,distinguished by their tunable bandgaps,high carrier mobility,and quantum confinement effects,have emerged as a groundbreaking platform for next-generation polarized PDs.This review comprehensively summarizes the theory,materials,and device engineering of linearly polarized PDs based on low-dimensional perovskites.It aims to elucidate polarization mechanisms across dimensions by establishing a rigorous theoretical foundation for linearly polarized PDs of low-dimensional perovskites.Beyond theoretical insights,the review also highlights cutting-edge fabrication techniques for one-dimensional nano wires and two-dimensional heterostructures,along with performance benchmarks of state-of-the-art devices.By integrating experimental advancements with theoretical insights,this work not only advances the fundamental understanding of polarization mechanisms but also outlines actionable pathways for optimizing device performance,stability,and scalability,which may serve as a critical resource for researchers aiming to harness the full potential of low-dimensional perovskites in polarized optoelectronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52461160327,92477205,12474173,and 12104313)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1406500)+3 种基金the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2021QN02L820)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.RCYX20231211090126026,the Stable Support Plan Program 20220810161616001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Research Funds of Renmin University of China(Grant No.22XNKJ30)。
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)moirésuperlattices have emerged as a versatile platform for uncovering exotic quantum phases,many of which arise in bilayer systems exhibiting Archimedean tessellation patterns such as triangular,hexagonal,and kagome lattices.Here,we propose a strategy to engineer semiregular tessellation patterns in untwisted bilayer graphene by applying anisotropic epitaxial tensile strain(AETS)along crystallographic directions.Through force-field and firstprinciples calculations,we demonstrate that AETS can induce a rich variety of semiregular tessellation geometries,including truncated hextille,prismatic pentagon,and brick-phase arrangements.Characteristic electronic Dirac and flat bands of the lattice models associated with these semiregular tessellations are observed near the Fermi level,arising from interlayer interactions generated by the spatial rearrangement of AB,BA,and SP domains.Furthermore,the real-space observations of electronic kagome,distorted Lieb,brick-like,and one-dimensional stripe lattices demonstrate that AETS enables tunable semiregular tessellation lattices.Our study identifies AETS as a promising new degree of freedom in moiréengineering,offering a reproducible and scalable platform for exploring exotic electronic lattices in moirésystems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 32172954, 32373121)the Key Research and Development Project of Hebei Province (No. 22323201D)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department (No. ZD2022093)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China (No. D2022201003)
文摘Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)homeostasis is vital to cell physiological functions.Glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78)is a molecular chaperone considered a sensor of ER stress and participates in maintaining ER homeostasis.However,very few studies have provided detailed descriptions of crustacean GRP78 genes.The complete coding sequence of the GRP78 of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis was obtained and termed NdGRP78 in this study.Sequence analysis showed that the open reading frame of NdGRP78 encodes a protein of 656 amino acid residues,and the encoded protein includes three heat shock proteins 70(HSP70)family conservational motifs,one ATP/GTP binding site A,and one ER homolog region.Multiple sequence alignments demonstrated that the sequences of these key protein functional domains were highly conserved.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NdGRP78 protein belongs to a member of the HSP70 family.The NdGRP78 mRNA was detected in all tested tissues by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR),suggesting that the NdGRP78 mRNA was the constituent expression in N.denticulata sinensis.The in-situ hybridization result showed that the expression of NdGRP78 mRNA occurred in all types of hepatopancreas cells.Furthermore,the NdGRP78 expression was significantly increased when shrimp were transferred into Vibrio parahaemolyticus-EGFP infected conditions,low or high temperature,and hypoxia.The above results indicate that NdGRP78 expressions were associated with stress responses.This study provided a theoretical support to the good understanding of the role of NdGRP78 in response to different types of environmental stress tolerance.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U20A20277 and 52350610226)National Key Research and Development Plan of China(Grant No.2022YFE0123300).
文摘Microstructural evolution features have been systematically investigated for the weld metal of EH36 shipbuilding steel under an in situ confocal scanning laser microscope.The influence of cooling rate on microstructural changes during the transformation from austenite to ferrite has been clarified.It is found that ferrite side plates form preceding to acicular ferrites,although the starting temperature of respective component decreases as the cooling rate is raised.In particular,the growth rate of acicular ferrite is measured to increase significantly,rising from 30.4μm/s at a cooling rate of 3 K/s to 109.0μm/s at 15 K/s,driven primarily by an ever-increasing degree of undercooling.These findings highlight the critical role of cooling rate in dictating the sequence and growth rate of microstructural transformations,which is crucial for optimizing welding processes to obtain desired microstructures while avoiding the formation of deleterious components.
基金financial support from the National Key Research&Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1406500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12104504,52461160327 and 92477205)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China[Grant Nos.22XNKJ30(W.J.)and 24XNKJ17(C.W.)]。
文摘Kagome materials are known for hosting exotic quantum states,including quantum spin liquids,charge density waves,and unconventional superconductivity.The search for kagome monolayers is driven by their ability to exhibit neat and well-defined kagome bands near the Fermi level,which are more easily realized in the absence of interlayer interactions.However,this absence also destabilizes the monolayer forms of many bulk kagome materials,posing significant challenges to their discovery.In this work,we propose a strategy to address this challenge by utilizing oxygen vacancies in transition metal oxides within a“1+3”design framework.Through high-throughput computational screening of 349 candidate materials,we identified 12 thermodynamically stable kagome monolayers with diverse electronic and magnetic properties.These materials were classified into three categories based on their lattice geometry,symmetry,band gaps,and magnetic configurations.Detailed analysis of three representative monolayers revealed kagome band features near their Fermi levels,with orbital contributions varying between oxygen 2p and transition metal d states.This study demonstrates the feasibility of the“1+3”strategy,offering a promising approach to uncovering low-dimensional kagome materials and advancing the exploration of their quantum phenomena.
