During the electromagnetic railgun launch process,high temperature and high current conditions can lead to armature wear,affecting armature/rail contact and degrading launch performance.This paper starts with the anal...During the electromagnetic railgun launch process,high temperature and high current conditions can lead to armature wear,affecting armature/rail contact and degrading launch performance.This paper starts with the analysis of the metal liquid film formation at the armature/rail contact interface.1D and 3D models are developed based on the characteristic relational equation obtained from the melt liquid film model.These models incorporate thermodynamic equilibrium phase diagram,transient heat and mass transfer model,copper-aluminum alloy reaction model,nonlinear electrical conductivity relational equation and nonlinear thermal conductivity relational equation to analyze the temperature distribution and copper-aluminum intermetallic compounds(Cu-Al IMCs)formation in the melt liquid film.The wear mechanism and influence law of armature are explained in detail from different perspectives to un-derstand and predict the transition and gouging phenomena at the contact interface.The model's validity is confirmed by the results of electromagnetic launch experiments,providing insights for future structure design and material selection of the armature and rail.展开更多
Capacitor-based pulsed power supply(PPS)is widely used in fields related to electromagnetic launch,plasma,and materials'synthesis,modification and processing.As industrial applications place higher requirements on...Capacitor-based pulsed power supply(PPS)is widely used in fields related to electromagnetic launch,plasma,and materials'synthesis,modification and processing.As industrial applications place higher requirements on compact and portable pulsed power supplies,the National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics(NKLTP)recently developed a pulsed power supply consisting of a set of compact pulse-forming units(PFU),each with a capacitor energy storage of 220 kJ.This integrated PPS comes with a complete system configuration,a miniature compact structure,a high rate of repetition,and high power,with energy storage density exceeding 1.2 MJ/m^(3).This paper describes the device-level design of the unit,the system layout,the control system,the thermal management system,and the experimental results of the pulsed power supply.The experimental results verified the good reliability of the PPS at high repetition rates with each unit module delivering an output current of more than 100 kA.Additionally,flexible current pulse shapes can be formed by setting the charging voltage and the trigger sequence of the PFUs.The pulse forming network(PFN)developed from these PFUs was successfully applied to electromagnetic launch.展开更多
For this study, 461 Chinese Han patients with depressive disorder were recruited. The AKT1 genotype and allele distribution were determined by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. UNPHASED software was used to ana...For this study, 461 Chinese Han patients with depressive disorder were recruited. The AKT1 genotype and allele distribution were determined by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. UNPHASED software was used to analyze associations between the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, total score, four factors and the AKT1 rs2494746 and rs3001371 polymorphisms. The results indicate that there is a significant association between suicidal ideation and anxiety symptoms in depressed patients and the rs2494746 polymorphism. The other AKT1 polymorphism, rs3001371, was significantly associated with work and activities. Patients with the rs3001371-A allele had a significantly more severe illness compared to patients with the rs3001371-G allele. Thus, AKT1 polymorphisms appear to be associated with depression severity, anxiety symptoms, work and activities, and suicide attempts in patients with depressive disorder.展开更多
Objective: To provide a decision-making basis for sustainable and effective development of cervical cancer screening.Methods: This cross-sectional study assesses the service capacity to conduct cervical cancer screeni...Objective: To provide a decision-making basis for sustainable and effective development of cervical cancer screening.Methods: This cross-sectional study assesses the service capacity to conduct cervical cancer screening with a sample of 310 medical staff, medical institutions and affiliated township health centers from 20 countylevel/district-level areas in 14 Chinese provinces in 2016.Results: The county-level/district-level institutions were the main prescreening institutions for cervical cancer screening. More medical staff have become engaged in screening, with a significantly higher amounts in urban than in rural areas(P<0.05). The number of human papillomavirus(HPV) testers grew the fastest(by 225% in urban and 125% in rural areas) over the course of the project. HPV testing took less time than cytology to complete the same number of screening tasks in both urban and rural areas. The proportion of mid-level professionals was the highest among the medical staff, 40.0% in urban and 44.7% in rural areas(P=0.406), and most medical staff had a Bachelor’s degree, accounting for 76.3% in urban and 52.0% in rural areas(P<0.001). In urban areas, 75.0% were qualified medical staff, compared with 68.0% in rural areas, among which the lowest proportion was observed for rural cytology inspectors(22.7%). The medical equipment for cervical pathology diagnosis in urban areas was better(P<0.001). HPV testing equipment was relatively adequate(typing test equipment was 70% in urban areas, and non-typing testing equipment was 70% in rural areas).Conclusions: The service capacity of cervical cancer screening is insufficient for the health needs of the Chinese population. HPV testing might be an optimal choice to fill the needs of cervical cancer screening given current Chinese medical health service capacity.展开更多
Objective:This study evaluated the feasibility of different cervical cancer screening strategies in urban China.Methods:A Markov model was constructed to simulate a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 females aged 30-59 ye...Objective:This study evaluated the feasibility of different cervical cancer screening strategies in urban China.Methods:A Markov model was constructed to simulate a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 females aged 30-59 years in a 20-year period.Screening strategies included liquid-based cytology(LBC)every three years,human papillomavirus(HPV)DNA testing every three and five years,respectively,and a combination of HPV DNA testing and LBC(HPV+LBC)every three and five years,respectively.Model outcomes included cumulative incidence over 20 years,cumulative risk of cervical cancer,costs,life year saved(LYS),quality-adjusted life years(QALYs)and benefits.The cost-effectiveness ratios(CERs),incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs),costutility ratios(CURs),and benefit-cost ratios(BCRs)were used as outcomes in the health economic evaluation analysis.Univariate sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the stability of the results.Results:The cumulative incidence of the five screening strategies ranged from 833.02 to 1,158.07 cases per100,000 females.HPV DNA testing was most effective in reducing the cumulative risk of cervical cancer,saving life years and QALYs and gaining benefits.The CERs of HPV DNA testing every three and five years,and LBC every three years were considered to be very cost-effective if they were below China's GDP per capita.The CERs of HPV+LBC were considered to be cost-effective if they were below three times GDP per capita.The incremental cost-effectiveness analysis showed that HPV DNA testing every three and five years,LBC every three years and HPV+LBC every five years were dominant strategies.Conclusions:The findings of this study indicated that HPV DNA testing every five years or LBC every three years should be recommended in urban China.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to analyze the total prevalence of postoperative pressure ulcers in patients and to reveal the epidemic law.[Methods]By searching English databases such as PubMed,Google Academics,Scopus,Scie...[Objectives]The paper was to analyze the total prevalence of postoperative pressure ulcers in patients and to reveal the epidemic law.[Methods]By searching English databases such as PubMed,Google Academics,Scopus,Science Direct and Web of Science(WOS),a total of 2018 English articles on pressure ulcers published from January 2015 to December 2020 were selected.According to the inclusion criteria,19 high-quality literatures were selected for the study,and the extended function of meta-analysis software of Review Manager 5.1 diagnostic test was used for data statistics and meta analysis of the results.[Results]There were 19 literatures with a total of 9400 patients included in the meta-analysis.The results showed that the total prevalence estimate of postoperative pressure ulcers was 20.00%(CI 95%:15.3-24.1).The total prevalence estimate of postoperative pressure ulcers in males was 10.1%(CI 95%:7.2-13.02),and that in females was 12.8%(CI 95%:8.1-17.3).The total prevalence estimates of stage I to IV postoperative pressure ulcers were 17.02%(CI 95%:11.06-22.09),6.7%(CI 95%:3.76-9.69),0.9%(CI 95%:0.21-1.26)and 0.4%(CI 95%:-0.05-0.8),respectively.[Conclusions]The prevalence of postoperative pressure ulcers is generally high.The prevalence of postoperative pressure ulcers in females is higher than that in males,and the prevalence of stage I pressure ulcers is higher than that of other stages,which is related to age,gender and other related risk factors.展开更多
The study aims to explore people's nighttime visual attention in urban waterfront public space during leisure activities,and analyze the impact of artificial lighting on visual attention.The study first utilized m...The study aims to explore people's nighttime visual attention in urban waterfront public space during leisure activities,and analyze the impact of artificial lighting on visual attention.The study first utilized mobile eye-tracker to collect participants'eye-movement data in typical urban waterfront leisure routes,along with corresponding artificial lighting data.Next,based on the collected data,visual attention statistical datasets composed of two dependent variable indicators,visual attention distribution ratio and average attention fixation duration,were constructed.Then,impact analyses of artificial lighting on these indicators were conducted by controlling age groups and environment elements.Results show:1)opposite scenery,greenery,recreation and sport facilities are the most visually attractive elements;2)significant differences in visual attention preferences across three age groups were found on opposite scenery,ground,landscape structures,people,etc.;3)nighttime visual attention induced by 11 types of environment elements is significantly impacted by artificial lighting.The maximum R^(2)of vertical illuminance on visual attention can reach up to 0.603,while 0.472 for horizontal illuminance and 0.247 for correlated color temperature.Additionally,artificial lighting has the greatest impact on the elderly's visual attention.The results help to provide refined human-centered perception insights for improving nighttime environment quality.展开更多
Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine,particularly its real-world outcomes.This study involved patients aged 60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in China's Mainland with confirmed SA...Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine,particularly its real-world outcomes.This study involved patients aged 60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in China's Mainland with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1,2022,and February 28,2023.Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization,the proportion of patients discharged with recovery,time to nucleic acid-negative conversion(TNANC),time to symptom improvement(TSI),and time of hospital stay(THS).Safety was also assessed.Among the 5884 participants identified,1999 received azvudine,and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching.Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population(13.3%vs.17.1%,RR,0.78;95%CI,0.67e0.90;P = 0.001)and in the severe subgroup(25.7%vs.33.7%;RR,0.76;95%CI,0.66e0.88;P<0.001).A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery,and a shorter TNANC were associated with azvudine recipients,especially in the severe subgroup.The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group(2.3%vs.1.7%,P = 0.170).In conclusion,azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.展开更多
Background:While type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is considered a putative causal risk factor for coronary artery disease(CAD),the intrinsic link underlying T2DM and CAD is not fully understood.We aimed to highlight the ...Background:While type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is considered a putative causal risk factor for coronary artery disease(CAD),the intrinsic link underlying T2DM and CAD is not fully understood.We aimed to highlight the importance of integrated care targeting both diseases by investigating the phenotypic and genetic relationships between T2DM and CAD.Methods:We evaluated phenotypic associations using data from the United Kingdom Biobank(N=472,050).We investigated genetic relationships by leveraging genomic data conducted in European ancestry for T2DM,with and without adjustment for body mass index(BMI)(T2DM:N_(case)/N_(control)=74,124/824,006;T2DM adjusted for BMI[T2DM_(adj)BMI]:N_(case)/N_(control)=50,409/523,897)and for CAD(N_(case)/N_(control)=181,522/984,168).We performed additional analyses using genomic data conducted in multiancestry individuals for T2DM(N_(case)/N_(control)=180,834/1,159,055).Results:Observational analysis suggested a bidirectional relationship between T2DM and CAD(T2DM→CAD:hazard ratio[HR]=2.12,95%confidence interval[CI]:2.01–2.24;CAD→T2DM:HR=1.72,95%CI:1.63–1.81).A positive overall genetic correlation between T2DM and CAD was observed(r_(g)=0.39,P=1.43×10^(-75)),which was largely independent of BMI(T2DM_(adj)BMI–CAD:r_(g)=0.31,P=1.20×10^(–36)).This was corroborated by six local signals,among which 9p21.3 showed the strongest genetic correlation.Cross-trait meta-analysis replicated 101 previously reported loci and discovered six novel pleiotropic loci.Mendelian randomization analysis supported a bidirectional causal relationship(T2DM→CAD:odds ratio[OR]=1.13,95%CI:1.11-1.16;CAD→T2DM:OR=1.12,95%CI:1.07-1.18),which was confirmed in multiancestry individuals(T2DM→CAD:OR=1.13,95%CI:1.10-1.16;CAD→T2DM:OR=1.08,95%CI:1.04-1.13).This bidirectional relationship was significantly mediated by systolic blood pressure and intake of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors,with mediation proportions of 54.1%(95%CI:24.9-83.4%)and 90.4%(95%CI:29.3-151.5%),respectively.Conclusion:Our observational and genetic analyses demonstrated an intrinsic bidirectional relationship between T2DM and CAD and clarified the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship.展开更多
The effect of curvature on the band alignment of one-dimensional (1D) van der Waals (vdW) transition metal dichalcogenide(TMDC) heterostructures is studied by comprehensive first-principles calculations. We find that,...The effect of curvature on the band alignment of one-dimensional (1D) van der Waals (vdW) transition metal dichalcogenide(TMDC) heterostructures is studied by comprehensive first-principles calculations. We find that, as the diameter of a TMDCnanotube decreases, the combined effect of curvature-induced flexoelectricity and circumferential tensile strain causes a rapidlowering of the conduction band minimum, whereas the valence band maximum exhibits an initial lowering before rising. Asindividual TMDC nanotubes form coaxial heterostructures, the concerted effect of diameter-dependent band-edge levels andintertube coupling via flexovoltage can result in a transition of intertube band alignment from Type II to Type I in multipleheterostructural systems, including large-diameter MoSe_(2)@WS_(2), MoTe_(2)@MoSe_(2), and MoTe_(2)@WS_(2) heterostructures. These results laydown a foundation for the rational design of 1D vdW heterostructures.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Candida auris(C.auris)is an emerging multidrugresistant fungal pathogen classified as a global public health threat with notable mortality and nosocomial transmission capacity.In...What is already known about this topic?Candida auris(C.auris)is an emerging multidrugresistant fungal pathogen classified as a global public health threat with notable mortality and nosocomial transmission capacity.In China,the first C.auris case was reported from Beijing in 2018.However,large cases of nosocomial transmission have rarely been identified in this municipality.What is added by this report?During March–September 2023,C.auris was isolated from 17 patients admitted to CY Hospital in Beijing.All strains were resistant to fluconazole and amphotericin B.In addition,three isolates were resistant to echinocandins.Whole-genome sequencing(WGS)analysis revealed that all strains found in this hospital belonged to C.auris Clade I.These strains were genetically closely related to the C.auris strains reported in two other hospitals in Beijing since 2021,forming a new sublineage different from the Clade I strains causing previous outbreaks in the Eastern Provincial-level administrative divisions and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.What are the implications for public health practice?The dissemination of C.auris has become an increasing threat to healthcare facilities in China.The WGS analysis indicates the spread of a unique sublineage of C.auris Clade I isolates in Beijing.Further,enhanced surveillance and hospital infection control of C.auris are warranted to resolve the public health challenge.展开更多
文摘During the electromagnetic railgun launch process,high temperature and high current conditions can lead to armature wear,affecting armature/rail contact and degrading launch performance.This paper starts with the analysis of the metal liquid film formation at the armature/rail contact interface.1D and 3D models are developed based on the characteristic relational equation obtained from the melt liquid film model.These models incorporate thermodynamic equilibrium phase diagram,transient heat and mass transfer model,copper-aluminum alloy reaction model,nonlinear electrical conductivity relational equation and nonlinear thermal conductivity relational equation to analyze the temperature distribution and copper-aluminum intermetallic compounds(Cu-Al IMCs)formation in the melt liquid film.The wear mechanism and influence law of armature are explained in detail from different perspectives to un-derstand and predict the transition and gouging phenomena at the contact interface.The model's validity is confirmed by the results of electromagnetic launch experiments,providing insights for future structure design and material selection of the armature and rail.
基金financial support from the National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics,Nanjing University of Science and Technology(Grant No.6142604230101)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant Nos.KYCX20_0321 and KYCX20_0322).
文摘Capacitor-based pulsed power supply(PPS)is widely used in fields related to electromagnetic launch,plasma,and materials'synthesis,modification and processing.As industrial applications place higher requirements on compact and portable pulsed power supplies,the National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics(NKLTP)recently developed a pulsed power supply consisting of a set of compact pulse-forming units(PFU),each with a capacitor energy storage of 220 kJ.This integrated PPS comes with a complete system configuration,a miniature compact structure,a high rate of repetition,and high power,with energy storage density exceeding 1.2 MJ/m^(3).This paper describes the device-level design of the unit,the system layout,the control system,the thermal management system,and the experimental results of the pulsed power supply.The experimental results verified the good reliability of the PPS at high repetition rates with each unit module delivering an output current of more than 100 kA.Additionally,flexible current pulse shapes can be formed by setting the charging voltage and the trigger sequence of the PFUs.The pulse forming network(PFN)developed from these PFUs was successfully applied to electromagnetic launch.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30770770,30971054Personnel Returned Overseas Research Foundation of Shanxi Province, No. 2007-48+1 种基金Science Foundation for Youths of Shanxi Province, No. 2010021036-3the Special Fund Talent of Shanxi Province, Foundation for Youths of Shanxi Province, No. 2011021036-1
文摘For this study, 461 Chinese Han patients with depressive disorder were recruited. The AKT1 genotype and allele distribution were determined by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. UNPHASED software was used to analyze associations between the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, total score, four factors and the AKT1 rs2494746 and rs3001371 polymorphisms. The results indicate that there is a significant association between suicidal ideation and anxiety symptoms in depressed patients and the rs2494746 polymorphism. The other AKT1 polymorphism, rs3001371, was significantly associated with work and activities. Patients with the rs3001371-A allele had a significantly more severe illness compared to patients with the rs3001371-G allele. Thus, AKT1 polymorphisms appear to be associated with depression severity, anxiety symptoms, work and activities, and suicide attempts in patients with depressive disorder.
基金supported by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (formerly the Health and Family Planning Commission of China) (No. 201502004)
文摘Objective: To provide a decision-making basis for sustainable and effective development of cervical cancer screening.Methods: This cross-sectional study assesses the service capacity to conduct cervical cancer screening with a sample of 310 medical staff, medical institutions and affiliated township health centers from 20 countylevel/district-level areas in 14 Chinese provinces in 2016.Results: The county-level/district-level institutions were the main prescreening institutions for cervical cancer screening. More medical staff have become engaged in screening, with a significantly higher amounts in urban than in rural areas(P<0.05). The number of human papillomavirus(HPV) testers grew the fastest(by 225% in urban and 125% in rural areas) over the course of the project. HPV testing took less time than cytology to complete the same number of screening tasks in both urban and rural areas. The proportion of mid-level professionals was the highest among the medical staff, 40.0% in urban and 44.7% in rural areas(P=0.406), and most medical staff had a Bachelor’s degree, accounting for 76.3% in urban and 52.0% in rural areas(P<0.001). In urban areas, 75.0% were qualified medical staff, compared with 68.0% in rural areas, among which the lowest proportion was observed for rural cytology inspectors(22.7%). The medical equipment for cervical pathology diagnosis in urban areas was better(P<0.001). HPV testing equipment was relatively adequate(typing test equipment was 70% in urban areas, and non-typing testing equipment was 70% in rural areas).Conclusions: The service capacity of cervical cancer screening is insufficient for the health needs of the Chinese population. HPV testing might be an optimal choice to fill the needs of cervical cancer screening given current Chinese medical health service capacity.
基金supported by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (formerly the Health and Family Planning Commission) of China (No. 201502004)
文摘Objective:This study evaluated the feasibility of different cervical cancer screening strategies in urban China.Methods:A Markov model was constructed to simulate a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 females aged 30-59 years in a 20-year period.Screening strategies included liquid-based cytology(LBC)every three years,human papillomavirus(HPV)DNA testing every three and five years,respectively,and a combination of HPV DNA testing and LBC(HPV+LBC)every three and five years,respectively.Model outcomes included cumulative incidence over 20 years,cumulative risk of cervical cancer,costs,life year saved(LYS),quality-adjusted life years(QALYs)and benefits.The cost-effectiveness ratios(CERs),incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs),costutility ratios(CURs),and benefit-cost ratios(BCRs)were used as outcomes in the health economic evaluation analysis.Univariate sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the stability of the results.Results:The cumulative incidence of the five screening strategies ranged from 833.02 to 1,158.07 cases per100,000 females.HPV DNA testing was most effective in reducing the cumulative risk of cervical cancer,saving life years and QALYs and gaining benefits.The CERs of HPV DNA testing every three and five years,and LBC every three years were considered to be very cost-effective if they were below China's GDP per capita.The CERs of HPV+LBC were considered to be cost-effective if they were below three times GDP per capita.The incremental cost-effectiveness analysis showed that HPV DNA testing every three and five years,LBC every three years and HPV+LBC every five years were dominant strategies.Conclusions:The findings of this study indicated that HPV DNA testing every five years or LBC every three years should be recommended in urban China.
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to analyze the total prevalence of postoperative pressure ulcers in patients and to reveal the epidemic law.[Methods]By searching English databases such as PubMed,Google Academics,Scopus,Science Direct and Web of Science(WOS),a total of 2018 English articles on pressure ulcers published from January 2015 to December 2020 were selected.According to the inclusion criteria,19 high-quality literatures were selected for the study,and the extended function of meta-analysis software of Review Manager 5.1 diagnostic test was used for data statistics and meta analysis of the results.[Results]There were 19 literatures with a total of 9400 patients included in the meta-analysis.The results showed that the total prevalence estimate of postoperative pressure ulcers was 20.00%(CI 95%:15.3-24.1).The total prevalence estimate of postoperative pressure ulcers in males was 10.1%(CI 95%:7.2-13.02),and that in females was 12.8%(CI 95%:8.1-17.3).The total prevalence estimates of stage I to IV postoperative pressure ulcers were 17.02%(CI 95%:11.06-22.09),6.7%(CI 95%:3.76-9.69),0.9%(CI 95%:0.21-1.26)and 0.4%(CI 95%:-0.05-0.8),respectively.[Conclusions]The prevalence of postoperative pressure ulcers is generally high.The prevalence of postoperative pressure ulcers in females is higher than that in males,and the prevalence of stage I pressure ulcers is higher than that of other stages,which is related to age,gender and other related risk factors.
基金Tongji University’s 2025 Undergraduate Education Research and Reform Project:“Research on the Teaching Mode and Market Application of Urban Design Based on Multi-Agent Behavior Simulation”(2025JG076)Chinese Ministry of Education’s 2024 University-Industry Collaborative Education Program:“Case Study of Digital TechnologyBased Waterfront Urban Design and Planning-Behavior simulation Assisted Modeling,Diagnosis,Prediction”(231100155203921)2024 Chinese National Post-funded Projects of Philosophy and Social Sciences:“Research on the Construction Path of Digital Intelligence for a New Carrier of Urban Waterfront National Fitness”(24FGLA001),for supporting this study。
文摘The study aims to explore people's nighttime visual attention in urban waterfront public space during leisure activities,and analyze the impact of artificial lighting on visual attention.The study first utilized mobile eye-tracker to collect participants'eye-movement data in typical urban waterfront leisure routes,along with corresponding artificial lighting data.Next,based on the collected data,visual attention statistical datasets composed of two dependent variable indicators,visual attention distribution ratio and average attention fixation duration,were constructed.Then,impact analyses of artificial lighting on these indicators were conducted by controlling age groups and environment elements.Results show:1)opposite scenery,greenery,recreation and sport facilities are the most visually attractive elements;2)significant differences in visual attention preferences across three age groups were found on opposite scenery,ground,landscape structures,people,etc.;3)nighttime visual attention induced by 11 types of environment elements is significantly impacted by artificial lighting.The maximum R^(2)of vertical illuminance on visual attention can reach up to 0.603,while 0.472 for horizontal illuminance and 0.247 for correlated color temperature.Additionally,artificial lighting has the greatest impact on the elderly's visual attention.The results help to provide refined human-centered perception insights for improving nighttime environment quality.
基金funded by National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(BJ-2022-173,China)National Health Commission Clinical Research Projects for Innovative Drugs(WKZX2023CX210007,China).
文摘Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine,particularly its real-world outcomes.This study involved patients aged 60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in China's Mainland with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1,2022,and February 28,2023.Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization,the proportion of patients discharged with recovery,time to nucleic acid-negative conversion(TNANC),time to symptom improvement(TSI),and time of hospital stay(THS).Safety was also assessed.Among the 5884 participants identified,1999 received azvudine,and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching.Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population(13.3%vs.17.1%,RR,0.78;95%CI,0.67e0.90;P = 0.001)and in the severe subgroup(25.7%vs.33.7%;RR,0.76;95%CI,0.66e0.88;P<0.001).A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery,and a shorter TNANC were associated with azvudine recipients,especially in the severe subgroup.The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group(2.3%vs.1.7%,P = 0.170).In conclusion,azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFC3600600,2022YFC3600604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20359,81874283,and 81673255)+2 种基金the Recruitment Program for Young Professionals of Chinathe Promotion Plan for Basic Medical Sciencesthe Development Plan for Cutting-Edge Disciplines,Sichuan University.
文摘Background:While type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is considered a putative causal risk factor for coronary artery disease(CAD),the intrinsic link underlying T2DM and CAD is not fully understood.We aimed to highlight the importance of integrated care targeting both diseases by investigating the phenotypic and genetic relationships between T2DM and CAD.Methods:We evaluated phenotypic associations using data from the United Kingdom Biobank(N=472,050).We investigated genetic relationships by leveraging genomic data conducted in European ancestry for T2DM,with and without adjustment for body mass index(BMI)(T2DM:N_(case)/N_(control)=74,124/824,006;T2DM adjusted for BMI[T2DM_(adj)BMI]:N_(case)/N_(control)=50,409/523,897)and for CAD(N_(case)/N_(control)=181,522/984,168).We performed additional analyses using genomic data conducted in multiancestry individuals for T2DM(N_(case)/N_(control)=180,834/1,159,055).Results:Observational analysis suggested a bidirectional relationship between T2DM and CAD(T2DM→CAD:hazard ratio[HR]=2.12,95%confidence interval[CI]:2.01–2.24;CAD→T2DM:HR=1.72,95%CI:1.63–1.81).A positive overall genetic correlation between T2DM and CAD was observed(r_(g)=0.39,P=1.43×10^(-75)),which was largely independent of BMI(T2DM_(adj)BMI–CAD:r_(g)=0.31,P=1.20×10^(–36)).This was corroborated by six local signals,among which 9p21.3 showed the strongest genetic correlation.Cross-trait meta-analysis replicated 101 previously reported loci and discovered six novel pleiotropic loci.Mendelian randomization analysis supported a bidirectional causal relationship(T2DM→CAD:odds ratio[OR]=1.13,95%CI:1.11-1.16;CAD→T2DM:OR=1.12,95%CI:1.07-1.18),which was confirmed in multiancestry individuals(T2DM→CAD:OR=1.13,95%CI:1.10-1.16;CAD→T2DM:OR=1.08,95%CI:1.04-1.13).This bidirectional relationship was significantly mediated by systolic blood pressure and intake of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors,with mediation proportions of 54.1%(95%CI:24.9-83.4%)and 90.4%(95%CI:29.3-151.5%),respectively.Conclusion:Our observational and genetic analyses demonstrated an intrinsic bidirectional relationship between T2DM and CAD and clarified the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship.
基金We gratefully acknowledge the support by NSFC under Project No.62004172The work of W.L.is partially supported by Research Center for Industries of the Future at Westlake University under Award No.WU2022C041.The authors thank Drs.C.-M.Dai,J.-Q.Wang,and C.Hu for helpful discussions and the HPC Center of Westlake University for technical assistance.
文摘The effect of curvature on the band alignment of one-dimensional (1D) van der Waals (vdW) transition metal dichalcogenide(TMDC) heterostructures is studied by comprehensive first-principles calculations. We find that, as the diameter of a TMDCnanotube decreases, the combined effect of curvature-induced flexoelectricity and circumferential tensile strain causes a rapidlowering of the conduction band minimum, whereas the valence band maximum exhibits an initial lowering before rising. Asindividual TMDC nanotubes form coaxial heterostructures, the concerted effect of diameter-dependent band-edge levels andintertube coupling via flexovoltage can result in a transition of intertube band alignment from Type II to Type I in multipleheterostructural systems, including large-diameter MoSe_(2)@WS_(2), MoTe_(2)@MoSe_(2), and MoTe_(2)@WS_(2) heterostructures. These results laydown a foundation for the rational design of 1D vdW heterostructures.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2303002)the Reform and Development Program of Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine(Ggyfz202418)the National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-A-058).
文摘What is already known about this topic?Candida auris(C.auris)is an emerging multidrugresistant fungal pathogen classified as a global public health threat with notable mortality and nosocomial transmission capacity.In China,the first C.auris case was reported from Beijing in 2018.However,large cases of nosocomial transmission have rarely been identified in this municipality.What is added by this report?During March–September 2023,C.auris was isolated from 17 patients admitted to CY Hospital in Beijing.All strains were resistant to fluconazole and amphotericin B.In addition,three isolates were resistant to echinocandins.Whole-genome sequencing(WGS)analysis revealed that all strains found in this hospital belonged to C.auris Clade I.These strains were genetically closely related to the C.auris strains reported in two other hospitals in Beijing since 2021,forming a new sublineage different from the Clade I strains causing previous outbreaks in the Eastern Provincial-level administrative divisions and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.What are the implications for public health practice?The dissemination of C.auris has become an increasing threat to healthcare facilities in China.The WGS analysis indicates the spread of a unique sublineage of C.auris Clade I isolates in Beijing.Further,enhanced surveillance and hospital infection control of C.auris are warranted to resolve the public health challenge.
