Introduction:Gastrointestinal disease outbreaks pose significant public health challenges,particularly in high-density settings such as schools.This study presents a rare co-infection outbreak caused by two enteric vi...Introduction:Gastrointestinal disease outbreaks pose significant public health challenges,particularly in high-density settings such as schools.This study presents a rare co-infection outbreak caused by two enteric viruses in a primary school.Methods:Active case searching was employed to identify all cases,and pathogens were identified using polymerase chain reaction(PCR)nucleic acid testing.Results:The outbreak affected 14 cases in 1 class,yielding a 38.9%attack rate with mild symptoms.Among 8 anal swab samples,3 cases tested positive for norovirus GI,2 cases(including the index case)tested positive for rotavirus A,and 1 case tested positive for both norovirus GI and rotavirus A.Among 8 environmental samples,4 samples tested positive for both norovirus GI and rotavirus A,1 sample tested positive for norovirus GI only,and 3 samples tested positive for rotavirus A only.The outbreak was initiated by the index case vomiting in the classroom;individuals with atypical symptoms and environmental contamination subsequently contributed to the coinfection transmission.Case numbers peaked within 3 days before the outbreak was successfully controlled.Notably,family-based active case searching identified 1 asymptomatic carrier of norovirus GI.Dining facilities and water hygiene were confirmed safe,ruling out foodborne or waterborne transmission.Conclusion:Timely and proactive intervention strategies are crucial for outbreak control in highdensity settings,particularly given that different pathogens possess varying transmission potentials and incubation periods.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Noroviruses are highly infectious with rapid transmission capabilities,causing illness for an average duration of 12-60 hours.In China,individuals in educational agencies may ret...What is already known about this topic?Noroviruses are highly infectious with rapid transmission capabilities,causing illness for an average duration of 12-60 hours.In China,individuals in educational agencies may return to class 72 hours after symptom resolution.What is added by this report?This outbreak was precipitated by a potential source of infection in a child resuming class after a 72-hour quarantine post-symptom resolution,leading to a cluster of cases within the class.What are the implications for public health practice?While extending the quarantine period for children may be considered from a safety perspective,it is a challenge for educational agencies.The outbreak is deemed a low-probability event;however,further investigation into the detoxification period of asymptomatic patients is warranted.展开更多
Introduction:Infectious diseases pose a significant global health and economic burden,underscoring the critical need for precise predictive models.The Baidu index provides enhanced real-time surveillance capabilities ...Introduction:Infectious diseases pose a significant global health and economic burden,underscoring the critical need for precise predictive models.The Baidu index provides enhanced real-time surveillance capabilities that augment traditional systems.Methods:Baidu search engine data on the keyword“fever”were extracted from 255 cities in China from November 2022 to January 2023.Onset and peak dates for influenza epidemics were identified by testing various criteria that combined thresholds and consecutive days.Results:The most effective scenario for indicating epidemic commencement involved a 90th percentile threshold exceeded for seven consecutive days,minimizing false starts.Peak detection was optimized using a 7-day moving average,balancing stability and precision.Discussion:The use of internet search data,such as the Baidu index,significantly improves the timeliness and accuracy of disease surveillance models.This innovative approach supports faster public health interventions and demonstrates its potential for enhancing epidemic monitoring and response efforts.展开更多
基金Supported by the Key Discipline(GWVI-11.1-02 Infectious Diseases)of the three-year action plan for strengthening the construction of the public health system in Shanghai(2023-2025)the Pudong New Area Health System Outstanding Young Medical Talent Training Program(PWRq2022-14).
文摘Introduction:Gastrointestinal disease outbreaks pose significant public health challenges,particularly in high-density settings such as schools.This study presents a rare co-infection outbreak caused by two enteric viruses in a primary school.Methods:Active case searching was employed to identify all cases,and pathogens were identified using polymerase chain reaction(PCR)nucleic acid testing.Results:The outbreak affected 14 cases in 1 class,yielding a 38.9%attack rate with mild symptoms.Among 8 anal swab samples,3 cases tested positive for norovirus GI,2 cases(including the index case)tested positive for rotavirus A,and 1 case tested positive for both norovirus GI and rotavirus A.Among 8 environmental samples,4 samples tested positive for both norovirus GI and rotavirus A,1 sample tested positive for norovirus GI only,and 3 samples tested positive for rotavirus A only.The outbreak was initiated by the index case vomiting in the classroom;individuals with atypical symptoms and environmental contamination subsequently contributed to the coinfection transmission.Case numbers peaked within 3 days before the outbreak was successfully controlled.Notably,family-based active case searching identified 1 asymptomatic carrier of norovirus GI.Dining facilities and water hygiene were confirmed safe,ruling out foodborne or waterborne transmission.Conclusion:Timely and proactive intervention strategies are crucial for outbreak control in highdensity settings,particularly given that different pathogens possess varying transmission potentials and incubation periods.
基金Supported by the Key Discipline(GWVI-11.1-02 Infectious Diseases)of the three-year action plan for strengthening the construction of the public health system in Shanghai(2023-2025)Pudong New Area Science and Technology Development Innovation fund(No.PKJ2023-Y73)Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention Technology Project(PDCDC-KJ-2024-05).
文摘What is already known about this topic?Noroviruses are highly infectious with rapid transmission capabilities,causing illness for an average duration of 12-60 hours.In China,individuals in educational agencies may return to class 72 hours after symptom resolution.What is added by this report?This outbreak was precipitated by a potential source of infection in a child resuming class after a 72-hour quarantine post-symptom resolution,leading to a cluster of cases within the class.What are the implications for public health practice?While extending the quarantine period for children may be considered from a safety perspective,it is a challenge for educational agencies.The outbreak is deemed a low-probability event;however,further investigation into the detoxification period of asymptomatic patients is warranted.
基金Supported by grants from the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-044,2023-I2M-3-011)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2308701).
文摘Introduction:Infectious diseases pose a significant global health and economic burden,underscoring the critical need for precise predictive models.The Baidu index provides enhanced real-time surveillance capabilities that augment traditional systems.Methods:Baidu search engine data on the keyword“fever”were extracted from 255 cities in China from November 2022 to January 2023.Onset and peak dates for influenza epidemics were identified by testing various criteria that combined thresholds and consecutive days.Results:The most effective scenario for indicating epidemic commencement involved a 90th percentile threshold exceeded for seven consecutive days,minimizing false starts.Peak detection was optimized using a 7-day moving average,balancing stability and precision.Discussion:The use of internet search data,such as the Baidu index,significantly improves the timeliness and accuracy of disease surveillance models.This innovative approach supports faster public health interventions and demonstrates its potential for enhancing epidemic monitoring and response efforts.
