A fully grouted bolt provides greater shear load capacity for transmitting the load from the rock to the bolt, and vice versa. When grout fills irregularities between the bolt and the rock, a keying effect is created ...A fully grouted bolt provides greater shear load capacity for transmitting the load from the rock to the bolt, and vice versa. When grout fills irregularities between the bolt and the rock, a keying effect is created to transfer the load to the bolt via shear resistance at the interface and within the grout. Previous research has revealed that the mechanical properties of the grout had a great impact on the load transfer capacity of the rock bolting system. This paper presents a method to enhance the rock bolting strength by introducing metal granules into the grouting material. Experimental results suggest that both the average peak load of pullout tests and the total energy absorption of the system will increase if some metal granules are mixed into the resin.展开更多
Apple rootstock genotypes confer different levels of tolerance to apple replant disease(ARD)and vigour to a newly replanted apple tree.A hybrid management system of rotating the rootstock genotype planted between succ...Apple rootstock genotypes confer different levels of tolerance to apple replant disease(ARD)and vigour to a newly replanted apple tree.A hybrid management system of rotating the rootstock genotype planted between successive generations and inter-row planting in the alleyways of orchards may minimise the severity of ARD symptoms.Highthroughput sequencing of the fungal ITS and bacterial 16S rDNA regions was used to investigate the diversity,and differential taxa present in soils displaying symptoms of ARD.Candidate pathogens and beneficial microorganisms were correlated with the above-ground establishment of each rootstock genotype in a UK cider orchard.Our results suggest that the same rootstock or rootstock with closely related parentage to the previous rootstock had more severe ARD symptoms.Planting in the alleyway appeared an effective strategy to minimise the severity of symptoms irrespective of rootstock genotype.The planting location effect had a higher contribution to the variation in the rhizosphere microbiome than that of the rootstock genotype.No predicted causal agents for ARD could be identified to a taxonomic level to predict their function but two species associated with mycorrhizae,Pteridiospora spinosispora and Paraglomus laccatum were identified as inversely correlated with ARD severity and could be candidate beneficial species for apple,warranting further investigation and research.Our findings suggest that planting in the alleyways and planting rootstocks genetically dissimilar to the previously planted rootstock can be beneficial for tree establishment.We have also identified species inversely associated with ARD severity,making candidates for future research to test the antagonistic effect of the species against ARD pathogens in apple roots.展开更多
Executive Summary There seema to be a common expectation among radio frequency identification(RFID) newcomers that putting an inexpensive,passive smart label on a box will create an accounting nirvana.
文摘A fully grouted bolt provides greater shear load capacity for transmitting the load from the rock to the bolt, and vice versa. When grout fills irregularities between the bolt and the rock, a keying effect is created to transfer the load to the bolt via shear resistance at the interface and within the grout. Previous research has revealed that the mechanical properties of the grout had a great impact on the load transfer capacity of the rock bolting system. This paper presents a method to enhance the rock bolting strength by introducing metal granules into the grouting material. Experimental results suggest that both the average peak load of pullout tests and the total energy absorption of the system will increase if some metal granules are mixed into the resin.
基金funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(BBSRC)Collaborative Training Partnerships(CTP)for Fruit Crop Research in partnership with NIAB and Cranfield University,BBSRC(grant number BB/M01777X/1)and a consortium of industry partners:HEINEKEN UK Limited,Frank P.Matthews,Fruittree Rootstock Holland B.V.,Vermeerderingstuinen Nederland,and A.C.Goatham&Son.
文摘Apple rootstock genotypes confer different levels of tolerance to apple replant disease(ARD)and vigour to a newly replanted apple tree.A hybrid management system of rotating the rootstock genotype planted between successive generations and inter-row planting in the alleyways of orchards may minimise the severity of ARD symptoms.Highthroughput sequencing of the fungal ITS and bacterial 16S rDNA regions was used to investigate the diversity,and differential taxa present in soils displaying symptoms of ARD.Candidate pathogens and beneficial microorganisms were correlated with the above-ground establishment of each rootstock genotype in a UK cider orchard.Our results suggest that the same rootstock or rootstock with closely related parentage to the previous rootstock had more severe ARD symptoms.Planting in the alleyway appeared an effective strategy to minimise the severity of symptoms irrespective of rootstock genotype.The planting location effect had a higher contribution to the variation in the rhizosphere microbiome than that of the rootstock genotype.No predicted causal agents for ARD could be identified to a taxonomic level to predict their function but two species associated with mycorrhizae,Pteridiospora spinosispora and Paraglomus laccatum were identified as inversely correlated with ARD severity and could be candidate beneficial species for apple,warranting further investigation and research.Our findings suggest that planting in the alleyways and planting rootstocks genetically dissimilar to the previously planted rootstock can be beneficial for tree establishment.We have also identified species inversely associated with ARD severity,making candidates for future research to test the antagonistic effect of the species against ARD pathogens in apple roots.
文摘Executive Summary There seema to be a common expectation among radio frequency identification(RFID) newcomers that putting an inexpensive,passive smart label on a box will create an accounting nirvana.
