The ability to manufacture coatings is critical to engineering design. Many components require the application of additional layers toenhance mechanical properties and protect against hostile environments. Supersonic ...The ability to manufacture coatings is critical to engineering design. Many components require the application of additional layers toenhance mechanical properties and protect against hostile environments. Supersonic laser deposition (SLD) is a novel coating methodbased on cold spray (CS) principles. In this technique, the deposition velocities can be significantly lower than those required foreffective bonding in CS applications. The addition of laser heat energy permits a change in the thermodynamic experience of impactingparticles, thereby offering a greater opportunity for efficient bonding at lower velocities as compared with the CS process. The workreported in this paper demonstrates the ability of the SLD process to deliver hardfacing materials to engineering surfaces. Stellite-6 hasbeen deposited on low-carbon steel tubes over a range of process parameters to establish the appropriate target power and traversespeeds for the coating formation. The coating properties and parameters were examined to determine the primary characteristics andgrain structure size. Their morphology and performance were studied through optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction, hardness measurements and wear testing. The results have shown that SLD is capable of depositing layers ofStellite-6, with properties that are superior to those of their conventionally manufactured counterparts.展开更多
We conduct an eye tracking study to investigate perception text-embellished narrative visualizations under different task conditions.Study stimuli are data visualizations embellished with text-based elements:annotatio...We conduct an eye tracking study to investigate perception text-embellished narrative visualizations under different task conditions.Study stimuli are data visualizations embellished with text-based elements:annotations,captions,labels,and descriptive text.We consider three common viewing tasks that occur when these types of graphics are viewed:(1)simple observation,(2)active search to answer a query,and(3)information memorization for later recall.The overarching goal is to understand,at a perceptual level,if and how task affects how these visualizations are interacted with.By analyzing collected gaze data and conducting advanced semantic scanpath analysis,we find,at a high level,diverse patterns of gaze behavior:simple observation and information memorization lead to similar optical viewing strategies,while active search significantly diverges,both in regards to which areas of the visualization are focused upon and how often embellishments are interacted with.We discuss study outcomes in the context of embellishing visualizations with text for various usage scenarios.展开更多
文摘The ability to manufacture coatings is critical to engineering design. Many components require the application of additional layers toenhance mechanical properties and protect against hostile environments. Supersonic laser deposition (SLD) is a novel coating methodbased on cold spray (CS) principles. In this technique, the deposition velocities can be significantly lower than those required foreffective bonding in CS applications. The addition of laser heat energy permits a change in the thermodynamic experience of impactingparticles, thereby offering a greater opportunity for efficient bonding at lower velocities as compared with the CS process. The workreported in this paper demonstrates the ability of the SLD process to deliver hardfacing materials to engineering surfaces. Stellite-6 hasbeen deposited on low-carbon steel tubes over a range of process parameters to establish the appropriate target power and traversespeeds for the coating formation. The coating properties and parameters were examined to determine the primary characteristics andgrain structure size. Their morphology and performance were studied through optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction, hardness measurements and wear testing. The results have shown that SLD is capable of depositing layers ofStellite-6, with properties that are superior to those of their conventionally manufactured counterparts.
基金the National Science Foundation,United States through grant IIS-1528203.
文摘We conduct an eye tracking study to investigate perception text-embellished narrative visualizations under different task conditions.Study stimuli are data visualizations embellished with text-based elements:annotations,captions,labels,and descriptive text.We consider three common viewing tasks that occur when these types of graphics are viewed:(1)simple observation,(2)active search to answer a query,and(3)information memorization for later recall.The overarching goal is to understand,at a perceptual level,if and how task affects how these visualizations are interacted with.By analyzing collected gaze data and conducting advanced semantic scanpath analysis,we find,at a high level,diverse patterns of gaze behavior:simple observation and information memorization lead to similar optical viewing strategies,while active search significantly diverges,both in regards to which areas of the visualization are focused upon and how often embellishments are interacted with.We discuss study outcomes in the context of embellishing visualizations with text for various usage scenarios.
