This paper examines how digital technologies shape the systemic transformation of global green trade.It develops a three-dimensional framework—production,distribution,and mar-ket/governance—to show how digitalizatio...This paper examines how digital technologies shape the systemic transformation of global green trade.It develops a three-dimensional framework—production,distribution,and mar-ket/governance—to show how digitalization acts not only as a tool but as a catalyst for structural change.At the production end,AI and big data foster green innovation;in distribution,blockchain and IoT build technical trust to reduce information asymmetry;at the governance level,digital platforms create feedback loops between market demand and regulatory pressure.Yet this transfor-mation entails a“double-edged sword”:rising energy use,e-waste,and competition for critical minerals reveal the environmental footprint of digitalization,while the digital divide combined with green trade measures produces new“stacked barriers”for developing economies.Comparing the strategic paths of the EU,China,and the US,the study argues for coordinated,multi-level gover-nance built on interoperable standards such as carbon accounting and the Digital Product Passport to promote inclusive and sustainable trade.展开更多
Contaminants(K,Na,Ca,and Mg)were introduced into Cu-SAPO-18 via incipient wetness impregnation to investigate their effect on the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3(NH3-SCR)over Cu-SAPO-18.After the introdu...Contaminants(K,Na,Ca,and Mg)were introduced into Cu-SAPO-18 via incipient wetness impregnation to investigate their effect on the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3(NH3-SCR)over Cu-SAPO-18.After the introduction of contaminants into Cu-SAPO-18,the quantity of acidic sites and Cu^2+ species in catalyst decreases owing to the replacement of H^+ and Cu^2+ by K^+,Na^+,Ca^2+,and Mg^2+.Furthermore,the loss of isolated Cu^2+ induces the generation of CuO and CuAl2O4-like phases,which causes further loss in the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of the catalyst.Consequently,the deNOx performance of the contaminated Cu-SAPO-18 catalysts drops.Such decline in NH3-SCR performance becomes more pronounced by increasing the contaminant contents from 0.5 to 1.0 mmol/gcatal.In addition,the deactivation influence of the contaminants on Cu-SAPO-18 is presented in the order of K>Na>Ca>Mg,which is consistent with the order of reduction of acidic sites.To a certain degree,the effect of the acidic sites on the deactivation of Cu-SAPO-18 might be more significant than that of isolated Cu2+ and the catalyst framework.Moreover,kinetic analysis of NH3-SCR was conducted,and the results indicate that there is no influence of contaminants on the NH3-SCR mechanism.展开更多
Si coordination structures have been proven to greatly influence the ammonia-selective catalytic reduc-tion(NH_(3)-SCR)catalytic properties and the hydrothermal stability of Cu-based silicoaluminophosphate-form cataly...Si coordination structures have been proven to greatly influence the ammonia-selective catalytic reduc-tion(NH_(3)-SCR)catalytic properties and the hydrothermal stability of Cu-based silicoaluminophosphate-form catalysts.However,the role of various Si coordination structures in the NH_(3)-SCR reaction over Cu-SAPO-34 catalyst remains unknown.Herein,a batch of Cu-SAPO-34 samples with various Si contents was synthesized via a one-pot method to study the role of Si coordination structures in the NH_(3)-SCR catalytic properties and hydrothermal stability.Cu/34-2 with the highest proportion of Si(xOAl)(x=1~3)struc-tures exhibits remarkable durability with 90%NO reduction efficiency within 200~450℃ even after a hydrothermal aging treatment at 850℃.In contrast,Cu/34-1 and Cu/34-4 with the highest proportions of Si(4OAl)and Si(0OAl)structures,respectively,are significantly deactivated by the same hydrothermal treatment.To better understand this phenomenon,the relationship between the Si coordination struc-tures and SCR performance is established using characterization techniques and kinetics measurements.Results reveal that a high content of Si(4OAl)and Si(0OAl)is detrimental to the hydrothermal stability of Cu-SAPO-34 catalyst.However,Si(x OAl)(x=1~3)structures are conducive to the stabilization of isolated Cu^(2+),thus enhancing the stability to severe hydrothermal treatment.展开更多
This paper examines how the twin transition of digitalization and decarbonization is reshaping green trade cooperation in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative.Drawing on literature on the digital economy,climat...This paper examines how the twin transition of digitalization and decarbonization is reshaping green trade cooperation in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative.Drawing on literature on the digital economy,climate governance and international trade,it analyzes how mechanisms such as the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM),Ecodesign rules and Digital Product Passports(DPP)shift climate obligations into cross-border trade rules and make granular carbon data a precondition for market access.The article compares three governance pathways—EU rule-based regulation,China’s infrastructure-led model and protocol-based plurilateral agreements such as the Singapore Australia Green Economy Agreement—using a qualitative comparative approach.It argues that digital public infrastructure,including the United Nations Transparency Protocol(UNTP),blockchain and W3C Verifiable Credentials,can provide interoperable,trustworthy verification of embedded emissions while mitigating green protectionism and the green digital divide.The paper proposes a multi-layered governance architecture to build a Global Green Digital Commons.展开更多
As the global digital economy becomes deeply integrated,digital trade has emerged as a core engine of international trade growth.However,differing value orientations and interests have led to the emergence of diverse ...As the global digital economy becomes deeply integrated,digital trade has emerged as a core engine of international trade growth.However,differing value orientations and interests have led to the emergence of diverse regulatory frameworks with distinct emphases.This fragmentation ofregional regulatory systems conflicts with the large-scale cross-border flow of digital elements,thereby hindering the globalization of digital trade.From the perspective of regulatory adaptation,this article systematically analyzes how AI agents empower technological solutions to overcome digital trade barriers.It further reveals their unique opportunities in rule interpretation,dynamic compliance,and collaborative governance,and proposes a three-stage strategic pathway:“technology adaptation rule transformationecological collaboration.”This study finds that AI agents can effectively reduce the cost of regulatory adaptation and provide precise compliance solutions for digital trade entities through semantic parsing,real-time learning,and cross-domain collaboration.It offers a theoretical framework for technological pathways to overcoming digital trade barriers and provides strategic insights for China's participation in global digital governance.展开更多
Microtubes/rods of the layered metal hydroxide salt compound Cd2（OH）3（DS）·nH2O, where DS stands for dodecyl sulfate sandwiched between two adjacent inorganic sheets, have been synthesized for the first time t...Microtubes/rods of the layered metal hydroxide salt compound Cd2（OH）3（DS）·nH2O, where DS stands for dodecyl sulfate sandwiched between two adjacent inorganic sheets, have been synthesized for the first time through a mild hydrothermal reaction route. The microtubes/rods have a diameter of about 1 μm and a length ranging from several microns to 20μm. The growth process of microtubes/rods under the experimental conditions employed follows a dissolution-recrystallization route.展开更多
The millimeter wave frequency band is the primary frequency band for maturing 5G and eventual 6G applications.Millimeter wave devices can provide ultra-wide working bandwidth and ultra-fast transmission rates,enabling...The millimeter wave frequency band is the primary frequency band for maturing 5G and eventual 6G applications.Millimeter wave devices can provide ultra-wide working bandwidth and ultra-fast transmission rates,enabling the implementation of a variety of services such as smart city and smart home,Internet of Things(IoT),robots,and artificial intelligence(Al),which all make our lives more convenient and intelligent|1].With these advance-ments,the explosive growth of various electronic devices,especially mobile terminals,has created a serious problem of electromagnetic wave pollution,which not only harms human health but also disrupts the normal operation of electronic devices[2,3].The tendency toward downsizing and multi-functioning of portable gadgets has exacerbated the problem of electromagnetic interfere nee[4,5].In additi on to complete electromagnetic shielding,selective shielding of the electromagnetic field is important in many cases such as WLAN,radome,and reflector antenna,to ensure the normal transmission of other frequency bands.As a member of metamaterials,frequency selective surface(FSS)is formed by periodic arrangement of structural un让s,which can selectively absorb,reflect and transmit electromagnetic waves(and act as a spatial filter)[6],thus is an effective way to realize frequency selection.Due to the excellent properties,FSSs have been widely used in base station anterrna miniaturization,anterma beam control,decoupling and improving communication perfor-mance.The fabrication process of FSS is,however,complicated requiring multiple steps of lithography and etching.Thus,the effective and selective shielding of electromagnetic field via a facile approach is of great importance and becoming more urgent.展开更多
文摘This paper examines how digital technologies shape the systemic transformation of global green trade.It develops a three-dimensional framework—production,distribution,and mar-ket/governance—to show how digitalization acts not only as a tool but as a catalyst for structural change.At the production end,AI and big data foster green innovation;in distribution,blockchain and IoT build technical trust to reduce information asymmetry;at the governance level,digital platforms create feedback loops between market demand and regulatory pressure.Yet this transfor-mation entails a“double-edged sword”:rising energy use,e-waste,and competition for critical minerals reveal the environmental footprint of digitalization,while the digital divide combined with green trade measures produces new“stacked barriers”for developing economies.Comparing the strategic paths of the EU,China,and the US,the study argues for coordinated,multi-level gover-nance built on interoperable standards such as carbon accounting and the Digital Product Passport to promote inclusive and sustainable trade.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21473064)~~
文摘Contaminants(K,Na,Ca,and Mg)were introduced into Cu-SAPO-18 via incipient wetness impregnation to investigate their effect on the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3(NH3-SCR)over Cu-SAPO-18.After the introduction of contaminants into Cu-SAPO-18,the quantity of acidic sites and Cu^2+ species in catalyst decreases owing to the replacement of H^+ and Cu^2+ by K^+,Na^+,Ca^2+,and Mg^2+.Furthermore,the loss of isolated Cu^2+ induces the generation of CuO and CuAl2O4-like phases,which causes further loss in the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of the catalyst.Consequently,the deNOx performance of the contaminated Cu-SAPO-18 catalysts drops.Such decline in NH3-SCR performance becomes more pronounced by increasing the contaminant contents from 0.5 to 1.0 mmol/gcatal.In addition,the deactivation influence of the contaminants on Cu-SAPO-18 is presented in the order of K>Na>Ca>Mg,which is consistent with the order of reduction of acidic sites.To a certain degree,the effect of the acidic sites on the deactivation of Cu-SAPO-18 might be more significant than that of isolated Cu2+ and the catalyst framework.Moreover,kinetic analysis of NH3-SCR was conducted,and the results indicate that there is no influence of contaminants on the NH3-SCR mechanism.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52000084)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2019M662630)。
文摘Si coordination structures have been proven to greatly influence the ammonia-selective catalytic reduc-tion(NH_(3)-SCR)catalytic properties and the hydrothermal stability of Cu-based silicoaluminophosphate-form catalysts.However,the role of various Si coordination structures in the NH_(3)-SCR reaction over Cu-SAPO-34 catalyst remains unknown.Herein,a batch of Cu-SAPO-34 samples with various Si contents was synthesized via a one-pot method to study the role of Si coordination structures in the NH_(3)-SCR catalytic properties and hydrothermal stability.Cu/34-2 with the highest proportion of Si(xOAl)(x=1~3)struc-tures exhibits remarkable durability with 90%NO reduction efficiency within 200~450℃ even after a hydrothermal aging treatment at 850℃.In contrast,Cu/34-1 and Cu/34-4 with the highest proportions of Si(4OAl)and Si(0OAl)structures,respectively,are significantly deactivated by the same hydrothermal treatment.To better understand this phenomenon,the relationship between the Si coordination struc-tures and SCR performance is established using characterization techniques and kinetics measurements.Results reveal that a high content of Si(4OAl)and Si(0OAl)is detrimental to the hydrothermal stability of Cu-SAPO-34 catalyst.However,Si(x OAl)(x=1~3)structures are conducive to the stabilization of isolated Cu^(2+),thus enhancing the stability to severe hydrothermal treatment.
文摘This paper examines how the twin transition of digitalization and decarbonization is reshaping green trade cooperation in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative.Drawing on literature on the digital economy,climate governance and international trade,it analyzes how mechanisms such as the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM),Ecodesign rules and Digital Product Passports(DPP)shift climate obligations into cross-border trade rules and make granular carbon data a precondition for market access.The article compares three governance pathways—EU rule-based regulation,China’s infrastructure-led model and protocol-based plurilateral agreements such as the Singapore Australia Green Economy Agreement—using a qualitative comparative approach.It argues that digital public infrastructure,including the United Nations Transparency Protocol(UNTP),blockchain and W3C Verifiable Credentials,can provide interoperable,trustworthy verification of embedded emissions while mitigating green protectionism and the green digital divide.The paper proposes a multi-layered governance architecture to build a Global Green Digital Commons.
文摘As the global digital economy becomes deeply integrated,digital trade has emerged as a core engine of international trade growth.However,differing value orientations and interests have led to the emergence of diverse regulatory frameworks with distinct emphases.This fragmentation ofregional regulatory systems conflicts with the large-scale cross-border flow of digital elements,thereby hindering the globalization of digital trade.From the perspective of regulatory adaptation,this article systematically analyzes how AI agents empower technological solutions to overcome digital trade barriers.It further reveals their unique opportunities in rule interpretation,dynamic compliance,and collaborative governance,and proposes a three-stage strategic pathway:“technology adaptation rule transformationecological collaboration.”This study finds that AI agents can effectively reduce the cost of regulatory adaptation and provide precise compliance solutions for digital trade entities through semantic parsing,real-time learning,and cross-domain collaboration.It offers a theoretical framework for technological pathways to overcoming digital trade barriers and provides strategic insights for China's participation in global digital governance.
基金the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China for financial support
文摘Microtubes/rods of the layered metal hydroxide salt compound Cd2（OH）3（DS）·nH2O, where DS stands for dodecyl sulfate sandwiched between two adjacent inorganic sheets, have been synthesized for the first time through a mild hydrothermal reaction route. The microtubes/rods have a diameter of about 1 μm and a length ranging from several microns to 20μm. The growth process of microtubes/rods under the experimental conditions employed follows a dissolution-recrystallization route.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51701146 and 51672204)Wuhan Application Foundation Frontier Project(2020020601012220)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:2020YB-032,205209016,and 2020IB005)。
文摘The millimeter wave frequency band is the primary frequency band for maturing 5G and eventual 6G applications.Millimeter wave devices can provide ultra-wide working bandwidth and ultra-fast transmission rates,enabling the implementation of a variety of services such as smart city and smart home,Internet of Things(IoT),robots,and artificial intelligence(Al),which all make our lives more convenient and intelligent|1].With these advance-ments,the explosive growth of various electronic devices,especially mobile terminals,has created a serious problem of electromagnetic wave pollution,which not only harms human health but also disrupts the normal operation of electronic devices[2,3].The tendency toward downsizing and multi-functioning of portable gadgets has exacerbated the problem of electromagnetic interfere nee[4,5].In additi on to complete electromagnetic shielding,selective shielding of the electromagnetic field is important in many cases such as WLAN,radome,and reflector antenna,to ensure the normal transmission of other frequency bands.As a member of metamaterials,frequency selective surface(FSS)is formed by periodic arrangement of structural un让s,which can selectively absorb,reflect and transmit electromagnetic waves(and act as a spatial filter)[6],thus is an effective way to realize frequency selection.Due to the excellent properties,FSSs have been widely used in base station anterrna miniaturization,anterma beam control,decoupling and improving communication perfor-mance.The fabrication process of FSS is,however,complicated requiring multiple steps of lithography and etching.Thus,the effective and selective shielding of electromagnetic field via a facile approach is of great importance and becoming more urgent.
