Most developing countries commonly dispose of solid waste fractions in open dumps and landfills.This study analysed the composition of municipal solid waste(MSW)at a dumpsite in Thailand,where plastic waste constitute...Most developing countries commonly dispose of solid waste fractions in open dumps and landfills.This study analysed the composition of municipal solid waste(MSW)at a dumpsite in Thailand,where plastic waste constituted 35%–62% of excavated waste across different sampling depths.Excavated plastic waste was classified by resin codes,with low-density polyethylene(LDPE)dominating 86%of plastic waste from 2012 to 2014 and decreasing to 43%in 2019.The analysis revealed that unbranded single-layer packaging predominated,with branded plastics increasing from 4%to 6%(2012,2013,and 2014)to 17%(2019).Dumpsite mining operations at the Pathum Thani site produced approximately 100 t of refuse-derived fuel(RDF)per day,generating revenue of 800–1200 THB per ton.However,the process also generated 40–50 t of residual waste daily,consisting of soil-like material mixed with plastic waste(20%plastics,35%combustible fractions,and the remaining mainly soil type materials).These residues failed Thai compost standards due to high electrical conductivity(8.2 dS/cm vs.standard≤3.5 dS/cm)and low germination index(4.43%vs.standard≥80.00%).Recommendations include adjusting the moisture content of input waste and modifying sieve sizes to improve output quality,with approximately 50%of soil fractions potentially recoverable through screening at<12.5 mm.The study estimates total plastic waste in the dumpsite to be 36559.79 t,with a potential revenue of 35 million THB if fully processed.The implementation of site-specific management studies,promotion of dumpsite mining,reduction of unbranded plastics consumption,and extended producer responsibility(EPR)policies are crucial for achieving circularity of plastic waste fractions.展开更多
Marine plastic pollution has become a major threat to the ecosystem.The increasing production and use of plastic,combined with limitations of waste management practices,mean the leakage of plastic waste into the envir...Marine plastic pollution has become a major threat to the ecosystem.The increasing production and use of plastic,combined with limitations of waste management practices,mean the leakage of plastic waste into the environment is bound to increase.This study focuses on the determination of plastic recovery potential from dumpsites and landfills in Thailand,to potentially prevent marine plastic pollution.In this study,two dumpsites were analysed wherein an average of 42% of plastic was found to be present.This value,when extrapolated for Thailand,is equivalent to 187.9 million tonnes of plastic waste in dumpsites and landfills.While there are 2380 dumpsites in the country,this study suggests that 973 of these spread over 42 provinces are located near water bodies or coastline,which should be considered as a priority.The plastic waste recovered from these dumpsites can be treated by co-fuelling in cement industries.Cement kilns can valorise plastic waste as they can reach up to 75%energy recovery from waste,which is much higher compared to traditional waste-to-energy plants.With adequate incentives and sound regulations,cement industries could help in the reduction of marine plastic pollution with controlled emissions and a very large capacity to co-fuel cement production,there is a readily available solution to manage the large volumes of solid waste generated.展开更多
基金supported by the Ocean Plastic Turned into an Opportunity in Circular Economy(OPTOCE)project(No.102019800-1,QZA-0835/RAS-18/0027)Norway and the AIT–SINTEF I collaboration project,Thailand.
文摘Most developing countries commonly dispose of solid waste fractions in open dumps and landfills.This study analysed the composition of municipal solid waste(MSW)at a dumpsite in Thailand,where plastic waste constituted 35%–62% of excavated waste across different sampling depths.Excavated plastic waste was classified by resin codes,with low-density polyethylene(LDPE)dominating 86%of plastic waste from 2012 to 2014 and decreasing to 43%in 2019.The analysis revealed that unbranded single-layer packaging predominated,with branded plastics increasing from 4%to 6%(2012,2013,and 2014)to 17%(2019).Dumpsite mining operations at the Pathum Thani site produced approximately 100 t of refuse-derived fuel(RDF)per day,generating revenue of 800–1200 THB per ton.However,the process also generated 40–50 t of residual waste daily,consisting of soil-like material mixed with plastic waste(20%plastics,35%combustible fractions,and the remaining mainly soil type materials).These residues failed Thai compost standards due to high electrical conductivity(8.2 dS/cm vs.standard≤3.5 dS/cm)and low germination index(4.43%vs.standard≥80.00%).Recommendations include adjusting the moisture content of input waste and modifying sieve sizes to improve output quality,with approximately 50%of soil fractions potentially recoverable through screening at<12.5 mm.The study estimates total plastic waste in the dumpsite to be 36559.79 t,with a potential revenue of 35 million THB if fully processed.The implementation of site-specific management studies,promotion of dumpsite mining,reduction of unbranded plastics consumption,and extended producer responsibility(EPR)policies are crucial for achieving circularity of plastic waste fractions.
文摘Marine plastic pollution has become a major threat to the ecosystem.The increasing production and use of plastic,combined with limitations of waste management practices,mean the leakage of plastic waste into the environment is bound to increase.This study focuses on the determination of plastic recovery potential from dumpsites and landfills in Thailand,to potentially prevent marine plastic pollution.In this study,two dumpsites were analysed wherein an average of 42% of plastic was found to be present.This value,when extrapolated for Thailand,is equivalent to 187.9 million tonnes of plastic waste in dumpsites and landfills.While there are 2380 dumpsites in the country,this study suggests that 973 of these spread over 42 provinces are located near water bodies or coastline,which should be considered as a priority.The plastic waste recovered from these dumpsites can be treated by co-fuelling in cement industries.Cement kilns can valorise plastic waste as they can reach up to 75%energy recovery from waste,which is much higher compared to traditional waste-to-energy plants.With adequate incentives and sound regulations,cement industries could help in the reduction of marine plastic pollution with controlled emissions and a very large capacity to co-fuel cement production,there is a readily available solution to manage the large volumes of solid waste generated.
