The scaling relationship between leaf area and total mass of plant has important implications for understanding resource allocations in the plant.The model of West,Brown and Enquist(WBE model)considers that a 3/4 scal...The scaling relationship between leaf area and total mass of plant has important implications for understanding resource allocations in the plant.The model of West,Brown and Enquist(WBE model)considers that a 3/4 scaling exponent of metabolic rate versus total mass to be optimal for each plant and has been confirmed numerous times.Although leaf area is a better proxy of the metabolic rate than leaf mass,few studies have focused on the scaling exponent of leaf area versus total mass and even fewer have discussed the diversification of this scaling exponent across different conditions.Here,I analyzed the scaling exponent of leaf area versus total mass of sample plots across world plants.I found that as the plant grows,it allocates fewer resources to photosynthetic tissues than expected by the WBE model.The results also empirically show that this scaling exponent varies significantly for different plant leaf habit,taxonomic class and geographic region.Therefore,leaf strategy in response to environmental pressure and constraint clearly plays a significant role.展开更多
Sustainability of common-pool resources hinges on the interplay between human and environmental systems.However,there is still a lack of a novel and comprehensive framework for modelling extraction of common-pool reso...Sustainability of common-pool resources hinges on the interplay between human and environmental systems.However,there is still a lack of a novel and comprehensive framework for modelling extraction of common-pool resources and cooperation of human agents that can account for different factors that shape the system behavior and outcomes.In particular,we still lack a critical value for ensuring resource sustainability under different scenarios.In this paper,we present a novel framework for studying resource extraction and cooperation in humanenvironmental systems for common-pool resources.We use microscopic update based on agent-based modelling and macroscopic ordinary differential equation based on game theory to explore how different factors influence the players’decisions and the resource outcomes.These factors include resource availability,which accounts the environmental condition and the collective actions of the players;conformity effect,which captures for the social influence and peer pressure that the players experience;and their balance,which reflects a trade-offbetween environmental condition and social influence.We identify critical values for ensuring resource sustainability under various scenarios and parameter configurations.We demonstrate the observed phenomena are robust to the complexity and assumptions of the models and discuss implications of our study for policy and practice,as well as the limitations and directions for future research.展开更多
文摘The scaling relationship between leaf area and total mass of plant has important implications for understanding resource allocations in the plant.The model of West,Brown and Enquist(WBE model)considers that a 3/4 scaling exponent of metabolic rate versus total mass to be optimal for each plant and has been confirmed numerous times.Although leaf area is a better proxy of the metabolic rate than leaf mass,few studies have focused on the scaling exponent of leaf area versus total mass and even fewer have discussed the diversification of this scaling exponent across different conditions.Here,I analyzed the scaling exponent of leaf area versus total mass of sample plots across world plants.I found that as the plant grows,it allocates fewer resources to photosynthetic tissues than expected by the WBE model.The results also empirically show that this scaling exponent varies significantly for different plant leaf habit,taxonomic class and geographic region.Therefore,leaf strategy in response to environmental pressure and constraint clearly plays a significant role.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001021)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ18G010001,LZ22G010001)Science Foundation of Zhejiang SciTech University(18092125-Y,22092034-Y).
文摘Sustainability of common-pool resources hinges on the interplay between human and environmental systems.However,there is still a lack of a novel and comprehensive framework for modelling extraction of common-pool resources and cooperation of human agents that can account for different factors that shape the system behavior and outcomes.In particular,we still lack a critical value for ensuring resource sustainability under different scenarios.In this paper,we present a novel framework for studying resource extraction and cooperation in humanenvironmental systems for common-pool resources.We use microscopic update based on agent-based modelling and macroscopic ordinary differential equation based on game theory to explore how different factors influence the players’decisions and the resource outcomes.These factors include resource availability,which accounts the environmental condition and the collective actions of the players;conformity effect,which captures for the social influence and peer pressure that the players experience;and their balance,which reflects a trade-offbetween environmental condition and social influence.We identify critical values for ensuring resource sustainability under various scenarios and parameter configurations.We demonstrate the observed phenomena are robust to the complexity and assumptions of the models and discuss implications of our study for policy and practice,as well as the limitations and directions for future research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.32101235 (R.C.)Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province under Grant No.20210302124141 (R.C.)+1 种基金Science Foundation of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University under Grant No.22092034-Y (C.T.)Microsoft AI for Earth (C.T.).
