Background:Chronic ankle instability(CAI) is a common sequela following an acute lateral ankle sprain(LAS).To treat an acture LAS more effectively and efficiently,it is important to identify patients at substantial ri...Background:Chronic ankle instability(CAI) is a common sequela following an acute lateral ankle sprain(LAS).To treat an acture LAS more effectively and efficiently,it is important to identify patients at substantial risk for developing CAI.This study identifies magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) manifestations for predicting CAI development after a first episode of LAS and explores appropriate clinical indications for ordering MRI scans for these patients.Methods:All patients with a first-episode LAS who received plain radiograph and MRI scanning within the first 2 weeks after LAS from December 1,2017 to December 1,2019 were identified.Data were collected using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool at final follow-up.Demographic and other related clinical variables,including age,sex,body mass index,and treatment were also recorded.Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed successively to identify risk factors for CAI after first-episode LAS.Results:A total 131 out of 362 patients with a mean follow-up of 3.0± 0.6 years(mean ± SD;2.0—4.1 years) developed CAI after first-episode LAS.According to multivariable regression,development of CAI after first-episode LAS was associated with 5 prognostic factors:age(odds ratio(OR)=0.96,95% confidence interval(95%CI):0.93-1.00,p=0.032);body mass index(OR=1.09,95%CI:1.02-1.17,p=0.009);posterior talofibular ligament injury(OR=2.17,95%CI:1.05-4.48,p=0.035);large bone marrow lesion of the talus(OR=2.69,95%CI:1.30-5.58,p=0.008),and Grade 2 effusion of the tibiotalar joint(OR=2.61,95%CI:1.39-4.89,p=0.003).When patients had at least 1 positive clinical finding in the 10-m walk test,anterior drawer test,or inversion tilt test,they had a 90.2% sensitivity and 77.4% specificity in terms of detecting at least 1 prognostic factor by MRI.Conclusion:MRI scanning is valuable in predicting CAI after first-episode LAS for those patients with at least 1 positive clinical finding in the10-m walk test,anterior drawer test,and inversion tilt test.Further prospective and large-scale studies are necessary for validation.展开更多
Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to syngas(CO and H_(2))offers an efficient way to mitigate carbon emissions and store intermittent renewable energy in chemicals.Herein,the hierarchical one‐dimensional/three‐dime...Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to syngas(CO and H_(2))offers an efficient way to mitigate carbon emissions and store intermittent renewable energy in chemicals.Herein,the hierarchical one‐dimensional/three‐dimensional nitrogen‐doped porous carbon(1D/3D NPC)is prepared by carbonizing the composite of Zn‐MOF‐74 crystals in situ grown on a commercial melamine sponge(MS),for electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).The 1D/3D NPC exhibits a high CO/H_(2) ratio(5.06)and CO yield(31 mmol g^(−1)h^(−1))at−0.55 V,which are 13.7 times and 21.4 times those of 1D porous carbon(derived from Zn‐MOF‐74)and N‐doped carbon(carbonized by MS),respectively.This is attributed to the unique spatial environment of 1D/3D NPC,which increases the adsorption capacity of CO_(2) and promotes electron transfer from the 3D N‐doped carbon framework to 1D carbon,improving the reaction kinetics of CO_(2)RR.Experimental results and charge density difference plots indicate that the active site of CO_(2)RR is the positively charged carbon atom adjacent to graphitic N on 1D carbon and the active site of HER is the pyridinic N on 1D carbon.The presence of pyridinic N and pyrrolic N reduces the number of electron transfer,decreasing the reaction kinetics and the activity of CO_(2)RR.The CO/H_(2) ratio is related to the distribution of N species and the specific surface area,which are determined by the degree of spatial confinement effect.The CO/H_(2) ratios can be regulated by adjusting the carbonization temperature to adjust the degree of spatial confinement effect.Given the low cost of feedstock and easy strategy,1D/3D NPC catalysts have great potential for industrial application.展开更多
This paper investigates a human-in-the-loop(HiTL)adaptive predefined-time formation control design with selftriggered communication for multiple quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles subject to asymmetric full-state cons...This paper investigates a human-in-the-loop(HiTL)adaptive predefined-time formation control design with selftriggered communication for multiple quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles subject to asymmetric full-state constraints and actuator faults.First,the constrained vehicle dynamics are converted to unconstrained ones by constructing a universal nonlinear transformation function,where the feasibility condition restrictions inherent in traditional barrier/integral barrier Lyapunov functions are eliminated.Then,the HiTL control strategy is integrated into the formation design framework,which ensures that human decision-making can be directly applied to the non-autonomous leader,thereby enhancing the flexibility and adaptability of the controlled vehicles.Moreover,a self-triggered predefined-time formation control protocol is designed to allow non-periodic and on-demand updates of control signals without monitoring behaviour.Rigorous theoretical analysis indicates that the closed-loop attitude and position subsystems are practically predefined-time stable,and the formation tracking errors converge to the neighborhood around the origin within a pre-specified time while strictly adhering to asymmetric state constraints.Finally,comprehensive illustrative results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.展开更多
Distributed formation control of multiple quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles(MQUAVs)has emerged as a promising solution for cooperative operations,with substantial advancements reported[1,2].Note that in largescale fo...Distributed formation control of multiple quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles(MQUAVs)has emerged as a promising solution for cooperative operations,with substantial advancements reported[1,2].Note that in largescale formations,only a subset of followers communicates directly with the leader while the remainder rely on multi-hop relaying,which may compromise command timeliness[3].Existing finite/fixed-time formation schemes[4,5],while effective,involve complex settling time calculations and lack well-defined means to adjust transient and steady-state performance.展开更多
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9)modulators may attenuate PCSK9-induced low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR)degradation in lysosome and promote the clearance of circulating low-density lipoprotein...Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9)modulators may attenuate PCSK9-induced low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR)degradation in lysosome and promote the clearance of circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C).A novel series of tetrahydroprotoberberine derivatives(THPBs)were designed,synthesized,and evaluated as PCSK9 modulators for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.Among them,eight compounds exhibited excellent activities in downregulatinghepatic PCSK9 expression better than berberine in HepG2 cells.In addition,five compounds 15,18,22,(R)-22,and(S)-22 showed better performance in the low-density lipoprotein,labeled with 1,1’-dioctadecyl-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate(Dil-LDL)uptake assay,compared with berberine at the same concentration.Compound 22,selected for in vivo evaluation,demonstrated significant reductions of total cholesterol(TC)and LDL-C in hyperlipidemic hamsters with a good pharmacokinetic profile.Further exploring of the lipid-lowering mechanism showed that compound 22 promoted hepatic LDLR expression in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2 cells.Additional results of human ether-ago-go related gene(hERG)inhibition assay indicated the potential druggability for compound 22,which is a promising lead compound for the development of PCSK9 modulator for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.展开更多
To the Editor:The shortage of deceased donor(DD)kidneys for transplantation remains a persistent concern.Despite the potential reversibility of acute kidney injury(AKI)lesions,kidneys from pediatric donors with AKI ar...To the Editor:The shortage of deceased donor(DD)kidneys for transplantation remains a persistent concern.Despite the potential reversibility of acute kidney injury(AKI)lesions,kidneys from pediatric donors with AKI are often underutilized,especially in the context of pediatric transplantation.By implementing single kidney transplantation(SKT)from pediatric donors to pediatric recipients(PTP),we can optimize the utilization of available kidneys and increase the number of pediatric recipients.展开更多
基金supported by the Biomedicine Supporting Program of Shanghai "Science and Technology Innovation Plan" (19441902400)the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key R&D program (2020BCH01001)+1 种基金the Shanghai "Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan" Domestic Science and Technology Cooperation Project (20025800200)the Clinical Research Program of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (201940367)。
文摘Background:Chronic ankle instability(CAI) is a common sequela following an acute lateral ankle sprain(LAS).To treat an acture LAS more effectively and efficiently,it is important to identify patients at substantial risk for developing CAI.This study identifies magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) manifestations for predicting CAI development after a first episode of LAS and explores appropriate clinical indications for ordering MRI scans for these patients.Methods:All patients with a first-episode LAS who received plain radiograph and MRI scanning within the first 2 weeks after LAS from December 1,2017 to December 1,2019 were identified.Data were collected using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool at final follow-up.Demographic and other related clinical variables,including age,sex,body mass index,and treatment were also recorded.Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed successively to identify risk factors for CAI after first-episode LAS.Results:A total 131 out of 362 patients with a mean follow-up of 3.0± 0.6 years(mean ± SD;2.0—4.1 years) developed CAI after first-episode LAS.According to multivariable regression,development of CAI after first-episode LAS was associated with 5 prognostic factors:age(odds ratio(OR)=0.96,95% confidence interval(95%CI):0.93-1.00,p=0.032);body mass index(OR=1.09,95%CI:1.02-1.17,p=0.009);posterior talofibular ligament injury(OR=2.17,95%CI:1.05-4.48,p=0.035);large bone marrow lesion of the talus(OR=2.69,95%CI:1.30-5.58,p=0.008),and Grade 2 effusion of the tibiotalar joint(OR=2.61,95%CI:1.39-4.89,p=0.003).When patients had at least 1 positive clinical finding in the 10-m walk test,anterior drawer test,or inversion tilt test,they had a 90.2% sensitivity and 77.4% specificity in terms of detecting at least 1 prognostic factor by MRI.Conclusion:MRI scanning is valuable in predicting CAI after first-episode LAS for those patients with at least 1 positive clinical finding in the10-m walk test,anterior drawer test,and inversion tilt test.Further prospective and large-scale studies are necessary for validation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:51873085,52071171,52202248The Australian Government through the Cooperative Research Centres Projects,Grant/Award Number:CRCPⅩⅢ000077+10 种基金Linkage Project,Grant/Award Numbers:LP210100467,LP210200345,LP210200504,LP220100088Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province‐Outstanding Youth Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2022‐YQ‐14Discovery Project,Grant/Award Number:DP220100603China Scholarship Council(CSC Scholarship),Grant/Award Number:202006800009Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program,Grant/Award Number:XLYC2007056Australian Research Council(ARC)through Future Fellowship,Grant/Award Numbers:FT210100298,FT210100806Shenyang Science and Technology Project,Grant/Award Number:21‐108‐9‐04Industrial Transformation Training Centre schemes,Grant/Award Number:IC180100005Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,Grant/Award Number:2020‐MS‐137Key Research Project of Department of Education of Liaoning Province,Grant/Award Number:LJKZZ20220015Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program,Grant/Award Number:LNBQW2018B0048。
文摘Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to syngas(CO and H_(2))offers an efficient way to mitigate carbon emissions and store intermittent renewable energy in chemicals.Herein,the hierarchical one‐dimensional/three‐dimensional nitrogen‐doped porous carbon(1D/3D NPC)is prepared by carbonizing the composite of Zn‐MOF‐74 crystals in situ grown on a commercial melamine sponge(MS),for electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).The 1D/3D NPC exhibits a high CO/H_(2) ratio(5.06)and CO yield(31 mmol g^(−1)h^(−1))at−0.55 V,which are 13.7 times and 21.4 times those of 1D porous carbon(derived from Zn‐MOF‐74)and N‐doped carbon(carbonized by MS),respectively.This is attributed to the unique spatial environment of 1D/3D NPC,which increases the adsorption capacity of CO_(2) and promotes electron transfer from the 3D N‐doped carbon framework to 1D carbon,improving the reaction kinetics of CO_(2)RR.Experimental results and charge density difference plots indicate that the active site of CO_(2)RR is the positively charged carbon atom adjacent to graphitic N on 1D carbon and the active site of HER is the pyridinic N on 1D carbon.The presence of pyridinic N and pyrrolic N reduces the number of electron transfer,decreasing the reaction kinetics and the activity of CO_(2)RR.The CO/H_(2) ratio is related to the distribution of N species and the specific surface area,which are determined by the degree of spatial confinement effect.The CO/H_(2) ratios can be regulated by adjusting the carbonization temperature to adjust the degree of spatial confinement effect.Given the low cost of feedstock and easy strategy,1D/3D NPC catalysts have great potential for industrial application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62473130,62203153)the Outstanding Youth Innovation Research Group Project of Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Grant No.252300421004)+3 种基金the Central Plains Talent Program—Leading Talents in Basic Research of Henan Province,the Central Plains Talent Program—Science and Technology Innovation Outstanding Young Talents of Henan Provincethe Joint Fund of Science and Technology R&D Plan of Henan Province for Young Scientists(Grant No.235200810105)the Application Research Project of the Joint Fund of Science and Technology R&D Plan of Henan Province(Grant No.242103810052)the Technology Innovative Teams in University of Henan Province(Grant No.23IRTSTHN012)。
文摘This paper investigates a human-in-the-loop(HiTL)adaptive predefined-time formation control design with selftriggered communication for multiple quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles subject to asymmetric full-state constraints and actuator faults.First,the constrained vehicle dynamics are converted to unconstrained ones by constructing a universal nonlinear transformation function,where the feasibility condition restrictions inherent in traditional barrier/integral barrier Lyapunov functions are eliminated.Then,the HiTL control strategy is integrated into the formation design framework,which ensures that human decision-making can be directly applied to the non-autonomous leader,thereby enhancing the flexibility and adaptability of the controlled vehicles.Moreover,a self-triggered predefined-time formation control protocol is designed to allow non-periodic and on-demand updates of control signals without monitoring behaviour.Rigorous theoretical analysis indicates that the closed-loop attitude and position subsystems are practically predefined-time stable,and the formation tracking errors converge to the neighborhood around the origin within a pre-specified time while strictly adhering to asymmetric state constraints.Finally,comprehensive illustrative results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62473130,62203153,62573178)the Outstanding Youth Innovation Research Group Project of Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Grant No.252300421004)+4 种基金the Central Plains Talent Program–Leading Talents in Basic Research of Henan Provincein part by the Central Plains Talent Program–Science and Technology Innovation Outstanding Young Talents of Henan Provincethe Joint Fund of Science and Technology R&D Plan of Henan Province for Young Scientists(Grant No.235200810105)the Application Research Project of the Joint Fund of Science and Technology R&D Plan of Henan Province(Grant No.242103810052)the Technology Innovative Teams in University of Henan Province(Grant No.23IRT-STHN012)。
文摘Distributed formation control of multiple quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles(MQUAVs)has emerged as a promising solution for cooperative operations,with substantial advancements reported[1,2].Note that in largescale formations,only a subset of followers communicates directly with the leader while the remainder rely on multi-hop relaying,which may compromise command timeliness[3].Existing finite/fixed-time formation schemes[4,5],while effective,involve complex settling time calculations and lack well-defined means to adjust transient and steady-state performance.
基金the funds from National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China(2015CB910304)the National Natural Science Foundation(81620108027,21632008,and 21402226,China)+1 种基金National Science&Technology Major Project Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program(2018ZX09711002-012-007,China)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA12040213)for financial support.
文摘Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9)modulators may attenuate PCSK9-induced low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR)degradation in lysosome and promote the clearance of circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C).A novel series of tetrahydroprotoberberine derivatives(THPBs)were designed,synthesized,and evaluated as PCSK9 modulators for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.Among them,eight compounds exhibited excellent activities in downregulatinghepatic PCSK9 expression better than berberine in HepG2 cells.In addition,five compounds 15,18,22,(R)-22,and(S)-22 showed better performance in the low-density lipoprotein,labeled with 1,1’-dioctadecyl-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate(Dil-LDL)uptake assay,compared with berberine at the same concentration.Compound 22,selected for in vivo evaluation,demonstrated significant reductions of total cholesterol(TC)and LDL-C in hyperlipidemic hamsters with a good pharmacokinetic profile.Further exploring of the lipid-lowering mechanism showed that compound 22 promoted hepatic LDLR expression in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2 cells.Additional results of human ether-ago-go related gene(hERG)inhibition assay indicated the potential druggability for compound 22,which is a promising lead compound for the development of PCSK9 modulator for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81870511,82170770,and 82200848)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2023A1515010139)+6 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City(No.202201011318)Key Clinical Technique of Guangzhou(No.2023P-ZD15)Elite Talent Project of Guangdong Province(No.R09002)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020A1515010884)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology(No.2020B1212060026)Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology(No.2020A0505020003)Science Research Cultivation Program of Stomatological Hospital,Southern Medical University(No.PY2021026)
文摘To the Editor:The shortage of deceased donor(DD)kidneys for transplantation remains a persistent concern.Despite the potential reversibility of acute kidney injury(AKI)lesions,kidneys from pediatric donors with AKI are often underutilized,especially in the context of pediatric transplantation.By implementing single kidney transplantation(SKT)from pediatric donors to pediatric recipients(PTP),we can optimize the utilization of available kidneys and increase the number of pediatric recipients.
