Honeybees and bumblebees play a crucial role as essential pollinators.The special gut microbiome of social bees is a key factor in determining the overall fitness and health of the host.Although bees harbor relatively...Honeybees and bumblebees play a crucial role as essential pollinators.The special gut microbiome of social bees is a key factor in determining the overall fitness and health of the host.Although bees harbor relatively simple microbial communities at the genus level,recent studies have unveiled significant genetic divergence and variations in gene content within each bacterial genus.However,a comprehensive and refined genomics-based taxonomic database specific to social bee gut microbiomes remains lacking.Here,we first provided an overview of the current knowledge on the distribution and function of social bee gut bacteria,as well as the factors that influence the gut population dynamics.We then consolidated all available genomes of the gut bacteria of social bees and refined the species-level taxonomy,by constructing a maximum-likelihood core genome phylogeny and calculating genome-wide pairwise average nucleotide identity.On the basis of the refined species taxonomy,we constructed a curated genomic reference database,named the bee gut microbe genome sequence database(BGM-GDb).To evaluate the species-profiling performance of the curated BGM-GDb,we retrieved a series of bee gut metagenomic data and inferred the species-level composition using metagenomic intra-species diversity analysis system(MIDAS),and then compared the results with those obtained from a prebuilt MIDAS database.We found that compared with the default database,the BGM-GDb excelled in aligned read counts and bacterial richness.Overall,this high-resolution and precise genomic reference database will facilitate research in understanding the gut community structure of social bees.展开更多
This paper presents an energy resolution study of the JUNO experiment,incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase.The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an ...This paper presents an energy resolution study of the JUNO experiment,incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase.The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an exceptional energy resolution better than 3% at 1 MeV.To achieve this ambitious goal,significant efforts have been undertaken in the design and production of the key components of the JUNO detector.Various factors affecting the detection of inverse beta decay signals have an impact on the energy resolution,extending beyond the statistical fluctuations of the detected number of photons,such as the properties of the liquid scintillator,performance of photomultiplier tubes,and the energy reconstruction algorithm.To account for these effects,a full JUNO simulation and reconstruction approach is employed.This enables the modeling of all relevant effects and the evaluation of associated inputs to accurately estimate the energy resolution.The results of this study reveal an energy resolution of 2.95% at 1 Mev.Furthermore,this study assesses the contribution of major effects to the overall energy resolution budget.This analysis serves as a reference for interpreting future measurements of energy resolution during JUNO data collection.Moreover,it provides a guideline for comprehending the energy resolution characteristics of liquid scintillator-based detectors.展开更多
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment under construction in South China.This paper presents an updated estimate of JUNO’s sensitivity to neutrino mass ordering usin...The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment under construction in South China.This paper presents an updated estimate of JUNO’s sensitivity to neutrino mass ordering using the reactor antineutrinos emitted from eight nuclear reactor cores in the Taishan and Yangjiang nuclear power plants.This measurement is planned by studying the fine interference pattern caused by quasi-vacuum oscillations in the oscillated antineutrino spectrum at a baseline of 52.5 km and is completely independent of the CP violating phase and neutrino mixing angleθ_(23).The sensitivity is obtained through a joint analysis of JUNO and Taishan Antineutrino Observatory(TAO)detectors utilizing the best available knowledge to date about the location and overburden of the JUNO experimental site,local and global nuclear reactors,JUNO and TAO detector responses,expected event rates and spectra of signals and backgrounds,and systematic uncertainties of analysis inputs.We find that a 3σmedian sensitivity to reject the wrong mass ordering hypothesis can be reached with an exposure of about 6.5 years×26.6 GW thermal power.展开更多
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics.In this study,the potential of searching for proton decay in the p→νK...The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics.In this study,the potential of searching for proton decay in the p→νK^(+)mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification.Moreover,the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals.Based on these advantages,the detection efficiency for the proton decay via p→νK^(+)is 36.9%±4.9%with a background level of 0.2±0.05(syst)±0.2(stat)events after 10 years of data collection.The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is 9.6×1033 years,which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies.展开更多
JUNO is a multi-purpose neutrino observatory under construction in the south of China.This publication presents new sensitivity estimates for the measurement of the △m_(31)^(2),△m_(21)^(2),sin^(2)θ_(12),and sin^(2)...JUNO is a multi-purpose neutrino observatory under construction in the south of China.This publication presents new sensitivity estimates for the measurement of the △m_(31)^(2),△m_(21)^(2),sin^(2)θ_(12),and sin^(2)θ_(13) oscillation parameters using reactor antineutrinos,which is one of the primary physics goals of the experiment.The sensitivities are obtained using the best knowledge available to date on the location and overburden of the experimental site,the nuclear reactors in the surrounding area and beyond,the detector response uncertainties,and the reactor antineutrino spectral shape constraints expected from the TAO satellite detector.It is found that the △m_(21)^(2) and sin^(2)θ_(12) oscillation parameters will be determined to 0.5%precision or better in six years of data collection.In the same period,the △m_(31)^(2) parameter will be determined to about 0.2%precision for each mass ordering hypothesis.The new precision represents approximately an order of magnitude improvement over existing constraints for these three parameters.展开更多
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)started physics data taking on 26 August 2025.JUNO consists of a 20-kton liquid scintillator central detector,surrounded by a 35 kton water pool serving as a Cherenko...The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)started physics data taking on 26 August 2025.JUNO consists of a 20-kton liquid scintillator central detector,surrounded by a 35 kton water pool serving as a Cherenkov veto,and almost 1000 m^(2) of plastic scintillator veto on top.The detector is located in a shallow underground laboratory with an overburden of 1800 m.w.e.This paper presents the performance results of the detector,extensively studied during the commissioning of the water phase,the subsequent liquid scintillator filling phase,and the first physics runs.The liquid scintillator achieved an attenuation length of 20.6 m at 430 nm,while the high coverage PMT system and scintillator together yielded about 1785 photoelectrons per MeV of energy deposit at the detector centre,measured using the 2.223 MeVγfrom neutron captures on hydrogen with an Am-C calibration source.The reconstructed energy resolution is 3.4%for two 0.511 MeVγat the detector centre and 2.9%for the 0.93 MeV quenched ^(214)Po alpha decays from natural radioactive sources.The energy non-linearity is calibrated to better than 1%.Intrinsic contaminations of ^(238)U and ^(232)Th in the liquid scintillator are below 10^(-16) g/g,assuming secular equilibrium.The water Cherenkov detector achieves a muon detection efficiency better than 99.9%for muons traversing the liquid scintillator volume.During the initial science runs,the data acquisition duty cycle exceeded 97.8%,demonstrating the excellent stability and readiness of JUNO for high-precision neutrino physics.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370550 and 32000346)to Xue Zhangthe program from the Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University(SYND-2021-30)by 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University grants to Xin Zhou。
文摘Honeybees and bumblebees play a crucial role as essential pollinators.The special gut microbiome of social bees is a key factor in determining the overall fitness and health of the host.Although bees harbor relatively simple microbial communities at the genus level,recent studies have unveiled significant genetic divergence and variations in gene content within each bacterial genus.However,a comprehensive and refined genomics-based taxonomic database specific to social bee gut microbiomes remains lacking.Here,we first provided an overview of the current knowledge on the distribution and function of social bee gut bacteria,as well as the factors that influence the gut population dynamics.We then consolidated all available genomes of the gut bacteria of social bees and refined the species-level taxonomy,by constructing a maximum-likelihood core genome phylogeny and calculating genome-wide pairwise average nucleotide identity.On the basis of the refined species taxonomy,we constructed a curated genomic reference database,named the bee gut microbe genome sequence database(BGM-GDb).To evaluate the species-profiling performance of the curated BGM-GDb,we retrieved a series of bee gut metagenomic data and inferred the species-level composition using metagenomic intra-species diversity analysis system(MIDAS),and then compared the results with those obtained from a prebuilt MIDAS database.We found that compared with the default database,the BGM-GDb excelled in aligned read counts and bacterial richness.Overall,this high-resolution and precise genomic reference database will facilitate research in understanding the gut community structure of social bees.
基金Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Key R&D Program of China+20 种基金the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,Wuyi Universitythe Tsung-Dao Lee Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in Chinathe Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique de Particules(IN2P3)in Francethe Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(INFN)in Italythe Italian-Chinese collaborative research program MAECI-NSFCthe Fond de la Recherche Scientifique(F.R.S-FNRS)FWO under the"Excellence of Science-EOS"in Belgiumthe Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnològico in Brazilthe Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo and ANID Millennium Science Initiative Program—ICN2019_044 in Chilethe Charles University Research Centre and the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports in Czech Republicthe Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)the Helmholtz Associationthe Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+in Germanythe Joint Institute of Nuclear Research(JINR)Lomonosov Moscow State University in Russiathe joint Russian Science Foundation(RSF)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)research programthe MOST and MOE in Taiwan,Chinathe Chulalongkorn University and Suranaree University of Technology in Thailandthe University of California at Irvinethe National Science Foundation in USA。
文摘This paper presents an energy resolution study of the JUNO experiment,incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase.The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an exceptional energy resolution better than 3% at 1 MeV.To achieve this ambitious goal,significant efforts have been undertaken in the design and production of the key components of the JUNO detector.Various factors affecting the detection of inverse beta decay signals have an impact on the energy resolution,extending beyond the statistical fluctuations of the detected number of photons,such as the properties of the liquid scintillator,performance of photomultiplier tubes,and the energy reconstruction algorithm.To account for these effects,a full JUNO simulation and reconstruction approach is employed.This enables the modeling of all relevant effects and the evaluation of associated inputs to accurately estimate the energy resolution.The results of this study reveal an energy resolution of 2.95% at 1 Mev.Furthermore,this study assesses the contribution of major effects to the overall energy resolution budget.This analysis serves as a reference for interpreting future measurements of energy resolution during JUNO data collection.Moreover,it provides a guideline for comprehending the energy resolution characteristics of liquid scintillator-based detectors.
基金Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the National Key R&D Program of Chinathe CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,Wuyi University,and the TsungDao Lee Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China+3 种基金the Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique de Particules(IN2P3)in Francethe Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(INFN)in Italy,the Italian-Chinese collaborative research program MAECI-NSFC,the Fond de la Recherche Scientifique(F.R.S-FNRS)and FWO under the“Excellence of Science–EOS”in Belgium,the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient´ıfico e Tecnol`ogico in Brazil,the Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo and ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-ICN2019_044 in Chilethe Charles University Research Centre and the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports in Czech Republic,the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)the Helmholtz Association,and the Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+in Germany,the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research(JINR)and Lomonosov Moscow State University in Russia,the joint Russian Science Foundation(RSF)and National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)research program,the MOST and MOE in Taiwan,China,the Chulalongkorn University and Suranaree University of Technology in Thailand,University of California at Irvine and the National Science Foundation in the US。
文摘The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment under construction in South China.This paper presents an updated estimate of JUNO’s sensitivity to neutrino mass ordering using the reactor antineutrinos emitted from eight nuclear reactor cores in the Taishan and Yangjiang nuclear power plants.This measurement is planned by studying the fine interference pattern caused by quasi-vacuum oscillations in the oscillated antineutrino spectrum at a baseline of 52.5 km and is completely independent of the CP violating phase and neutrino mixing angleθ_(23).The sensitivity is obtained through a joint analysis of JUNO and Taishan Antineutrino Observatory(TAO)detectors utilizing the best available knowledge to date about the location and overburden of the JUNO experimental site,local and global nuclear reactors,JUNO and TAO detector responses,expected event rates and spectra of signals and backgrounds,and systematic uncertainties of analysis inputs.We find that a 3σmedian sensitivity to reject the wrong mass ordering hypothesis can be reached with an exposure of about 6.5 years×26.6 GW thermal power.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Key R&D Program of China+22 种基金the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle PhysicsWuyi Universitythe Tsung-Dao Lee Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in Chinathe Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique de Particules (IN2P3) in Francethe Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in Italythe Italian-Chinese collaborative research program MAECI-NSFCthe Fond de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S-FNRS)FWO under the "Excellence of Science-EOS" in Belgiumthe Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnològico in Brazilthe Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo in Chilethe Charles University Research Centrethe Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports in Czech Republicthe Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)the Helmholtz Associationthe Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+ in Germanythe Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (JINR)Lomonosov Moscow State University in Russiathe joint Russian Science Foundation (RSF)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) research programthe MOST and MOE in Taiwan,Chinathe Chulalongkorn UniversitySuranaree University of Technology in Thailandthe University of California at Irvine in USA
文摘The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics.In this study,the potential of searching for proton decay in the p→νK^(+)mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification.Moreover,the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals.Based on these advantages,the detection efficiency for the proton decay via p→νK^(+)is 36.9%±4.9%with a background level of 0.2±0.05(syst)±0.2(stat)events after 10 years of data collection.The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is 9.6×1033 years,which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies.
基金Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Key R&D Program of China+18 种基金the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,Wuyi Universitythe Tsung-Dao Lee Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in Chinathe Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique de Particules(IN2P3)in Francethe Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(INFN)in Italythe Italian-Chinese collaborative research program MAECI-NSFCthe Fond de la Recherche Scientifique(F.R.S-FNRS)FWO under the“Excellence of Science-EOS in Belgium”the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnològico in Brazilthe Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo and ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-ICN2019_044 in Chilethe Charles University Research Centre and the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports in Czech Republicthe Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)the Helmholtz Associationthe Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+in Germanythe Joint Institute of Nuclear Research(JINR)and Lomonosov Moscow State University in Russiathe joint Russian Science Foundation(RSF)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)research programthe MOST and MOE in Taiwanthe Chulalongkorn University and Suranaree University of Technology in Thailand,University of California at Irvinethe National Science Foundation in USA。
文摘JUNO is a multi-purpose neutrino observatory under construction in the south of China.This publication presents new sensitivity estimates for the measurement of the △m_(31)^(2),△m_(21)^(2),sin^(2)θ_(12),and sin^(2)θ_(13) oscillation parameters using reactor antineutrinos,which is one of the primary physics goals of the experiment.The sensitivities are obtained using the best knowledge available to date on the location and overburden of the experimental site,the nuclear reactors in the surrounding area and beyond,the detector response uncertainties,and the reactor antineutrino spectral shape constraints expected from the TAO satellite detector.It is found that the △m_(21)^(2) and sin^(2)θ_(12) oscillation parameters will be determined to 0.5%precision or better in six years of data collection.In the same period,the △m_(31)^(2) parameter will be determined to about 0.2%precision for each mass ordering hypothesis.The new precision represents approximately an order of magnitude improvement over existing constraints for these three parameters.
文摘The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)started physics data taking on 26 August 2025.JUNO consists of a 20-kton liquid scintillator central detector,surrounded by a 35 kton water pool serving as a Cherenkov veto,and almost 1000 m^(2) of plastic scintillator veto on top.The detector is located in a shallow underground laboratory with an overburden of 1800 m.w.e.This paper presents the performance results of the detector,extensively studied during the commissioning of the water phase,the subsequent liquid scintillator filling phase,and the first physics runs.The liquid scintillator achieved an attenuation length of 20.6 m at 430 nm,while the high coverage PMT system and scintillator together yielded about 1785 photoelectrons per MeV of energy deposit at the detector centre,measured using the 2.223 MeVγfrom neutron captures on hydrogen with an Am-C calibration source.The reconstructed energy resolution is 3.4%for two 0.511 MeVγat the detector centre and 2.9%for the 0.93 MeV quenched ^(214)Po alpha decays from natural radioactive sources.The energy non-linearity is calibrated to better than 1%.Intrinsic contaminations of ^(238)U and ^(232)Th in the liquid scintillator are below 10^(-16) g/g,assuming secular equilibrium.The water Cherenkov detector achieves a muon detection efficiency better than 99.9%for muons traversing the liquid scintillator volume.During the initial science runs,the data acquisition duty cycle exceeded 97.8%,demonstrating the excellent stability and readiness of JUNO for high-precision neutrino physics.
