Red mud was investigated in triglyceride transesterification with a view to determine its viability as a basic catalyst for use in biodiesel synthesis. The effect of calcination temperature on the structure and activi...Red mud was investigated in triglyceride transesterification with a view to determine its viability as a basic catalyst for use in biodiesel synthesis. The effect of calcination temperature on the structure and activity of red mud catalysts was investigated. It was found that highly active catalyst was obtained by simply drying red mud at 200℃. Utilization of red mud as a catalyst for biodiesel production not only provides a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way of recycling this solid red mud waste, significantly reducing its environmental effects, but also reduces the price of biodiesel to make biodiesel competitive with petroleum diesel.展开更多
A novel plasmonic photo‐Fenton catalyst of Ag/AgCl/Fe‐S was synthesized by ion exchange and photoreduction methods.The obtained catalyst was characterized by X‐ray diffraction,X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy,scan...A novel plasmonic photo‐Fenton catalyst of Ag/AgCl/Fe‐S was synthesized by ion exchange and photoreduction methods.The obtained catalyst was characterized by X‐ray diffraction,X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy,scanning electron microscope imaging,and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller measurements.Moreover,the photocatalytic activity of Ag/AgCl/Fe‐S was investigated for its degradation activity towards bisphenol A(BPA)as target pollutant under visible light irradiation.The effects of H2O2concentration,pH value,illumination intensity,and catalyst dosage on BPA degradation were examined.Our results indicated that the Ag/AgCl material was successfully loaded onto Fe‐sepiolite and showed a high photocatalytic activity under illumination by visible light.Furthermore,active species capture experiments were performed to explore the photocatalytic mechanism of the Ag/AgCl/Fe‐S in this heterogeneous photo‐Fenton process,where the major active species included hydroxyl radicals(?OH)and holes(h+).展开更多
This study investigates the values of pH,total dissolved solids(TDS),elevation,oxidative reduction potential(ORP),temperature,and depth,while the concentrations of Br,and potentially harmful metals(PHMs)such as Cr,Ni,...This study investigates the values of pH,total dissolved solids(TDS),elevation,oxidative reduction potential(ORP),temperature,and depth,while the concentrations of Br,and potentially harmful metals(PHMs)such as Cr,Ni,Cd,Mn,Cu,Pb,Co,Zn,and Fe in the groundwater samples.Moreover,geographic information system(GIS),XLSTAT,and IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software were used for spatial distribution modeling,principal component analysis(PCA),cluster analysis(CA),and Quantile-Quantile(Q-Q)plotting to determine groundwater pollution sources,similarity index,and normal distribution reference line for the selected parameters.The mean values of pH,TDS,elevation,ORP,temperature,depth,and Br were 7.2,322 mg/L,364 m,188 mV,29.6℃,70 m,0.20 mg/L,and PHMs like Cr,Ni,Cd,Mn,Cu,Pb,Co,Zn,and Fe were 0.38,0.26,0.08,0.27,0.36,0.22,0.04,0.43 and 0.86 mg/L,respectively.PHMs including Cr(89%),Cd(43%),Mn(23%),Pb(79%),Co(20%),and Fe(91%)exceeded the guideline values set by the world health organization(WHO).The significant R^(2)values of PCA for selected parameters were also determined(0.62,0.67,0.78,0.73,0.60,0.87,-0.50,0.69,0.70,0.74,-0.50,0.70,0.67,0.79,0.59,and-0.55,respectively).PCA revealed three geochemical processes such as geogenic,anthropogenic,and reducing conditions.The mineral phases of Cd(OH)_(2),Fe(OH)_(3),FeOOH,Mn_(3)O_(4),Fe_(2)O_(3),MnOOH,Pb(OH)_(2),Mn(OH)_(2),MnO_(2),and Zn(OH)_(2)(-3.7,3.75,9.7,-5.8,8.9,-3.6,2.2,-4.6,-7.7,-0.9,and 0.003,respectively)showed super-saturation and under-saturation conditions.Health risk assessment(HRA)values for PHMs were also calculated and the values of hazard quotient(HQ),and hazard indices(HI)for the entire study area were increased in the following order:Cd>Ni>Cu>Pb>Mn>Zn>Cr.Relatively higher HQ and HI values of Ni,Cd,Pb,and Cu were greater than one showing unsuitability of groundwater for domestic,agriculture,and drinking purposes.The long-term ingestion of groundwater could also cause severe health concerns such as kidney,brain dysfunction,liver,stomach problems,and even cancer.展开更多
To avoid the negative effects of antibiotics,using phage to prevent animal disease becomes a promising method in aquaculture.Here,a lytic phage provisionally named vB_Vca S_HC that can infect the pathogen(i.e.,Vibrio ...To avoid the negative effects of antibiotics,using phage to prevent animal disease becomes a promising method in aquaculture.Here,a lytic phage provisionally named vB_Vca S_HC that can infect the pathogen(i.e.,Vibrio campbellii 18)of prawn was isolated.The phage has an isometric head and a non-contractile tail.During phage infection,the induced host mortality in 5.5 h reached ca.96%,with a latent period of 1.5 h and a burst size of 172 PFU/cell.It has an 81,566 bp circular ds DNA genome containing 121 open reading frames(ORFs),and ca.71%of the ORFs are functionally unknown.Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis revealed that it is a novel phage belonging to Delepquintavirus,Siphoviridae,Caudovirales.In the phage genome,besides the ordinary genes related to structure assembly and DNA metabolism,there are 10 auxiliary metabolic genes.For the first time,the pyruvate phosphate dikinase(PPDK)gene was found in phages whose product is a key rate-limiting enzyme involving Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas(EMP)reaction.Interestingly,although the phage has a strong bactericidal activity and contains a potential lysogeny related gene,i.e.,the recombinase(Rec A)gene,we did not find the phage turned into a lysogenic state.Meanwhile,the phage genome does not contain any bacterial virulence gene or antimicrobial resistance gene.This study represents the first comprehensive characterization of a lytic V.campbellii phage and indicates that it is a promising candidate for the treatment of V.campbellii infections.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta(REBOA)can temporarily control traumatic bleeding.However,its prolonged use potentially leads to ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI).Partial REBOA(pREBO...BACKGROUND:Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta(REBOA)can temporarily control traumatic bleeding.However,its prolonged use potentially leads to ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI).Partial REBOA(pREBOA)can alleviate ischemic burden;however,its security and eff ectiveness prior to operative hemorrhage control remains unknown.Hence,we aimed to estimate the effi cacy of pREBOA in a swine model of liver injury using an experimental sliding-chamber ballistic gun.METHODS:Twenty Landrace pigs were randomized into control(no aortic occlusion)(n=5),intervention with complete REBOA(cREBOA)(n=5),continuous pREBOA(C-pREBOA)(n=5),and sequential pREBOA(S-pREBOA)(n=5)groups.In the cREBOA and C-pREBOA groups,the balloon was inflated for 60 min.The hemodynamic and laboratory values were compared at various observation time points.Tissue samples immediately after animal euthanasia from the myocardium,liver,kidneys,and duodenum were collected for histological assessment using hematoxylin and eosin staining.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the survival rate of the REBOA groups was prominently improved(all P<0.05).The total volume of blood loss was markedly lower in the cREBOA group(493.14±127.31 mL)compared with other groups(P<0.01).The pH was significantly lower at 180 min in the cREBOA and S-pREBOA groups(P<0.05).At 120 min,the S-pREBOA group showed higher alanine aminotransferase(P<0.05)but lower blood urea nitrogen compared with the cREBOA group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:In this trauma model with liver injury,a 60-minute pREBOA resulted in improved survival rate and was effective in maintaining reliable aortic pressure,despite persistent hemorrhage.Extended tolerance time for aortic occlusion in Zone I for non-compressible torso hemorrhage was feasible with both continuous partial and sequential partial measures,and the significant improvement in the severity of acidosis and distal organ injury was observed in the sequential pREBOA.展开更多
Ramet modules in a certain population differ in terms of functions,which accounts for different contributions of the same ramets.Shortening heading time brings about different contributions of such modules.Ramets head...Ramet modules in a certain population differ in terms of functions,which accounts for different contributions of the same ramets.Shortening heading time brings about different contributions of such modules.Ramets heading one after another were treated as a continuum in respective cohorts of Elymus cylindricus aged two.The reproductive ramets that head earlier were marked with tags every four days during the whole heading stage from the beginning to the end,after which all the labeled ramets at the maturity period were gathered.The results showed that,the height and biomass of ramets,the length and biomass of inflorescences,percentage of inflorescence length to ramet height,percentage of inflorescence biomass to ramet biomass,the number and biomass of seeds,seed-setting rate,and percentage of seed biomass to ramet biomass declined with the increasing intensity of heading time shortening as displayed with linear or quadratic function.Ramet characteristics weakened remarkably when shortened heading time added up to 17 days.The biomass distribution in relation to inflorescence and seed maintain a stable rate at the early heading stage and dwindled quickly at the near-end stage,but the biomass of ramets remain constant throughout the entire heading stage.The ramets with earlier heading time make greater contribution to the survival of population than the shortened heading time in this species of bunchgrass.展开更多
Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a major cause of cancer-related deaths.The Nod-like receptor(NLR)family is involved in innate immunity and tumor progression,but its role inHCC remains unclear.This study aim...Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a major cause of cancer-related deaths.The Nod-like receptor(NLR)family is involved in innate immunity and tumor progression,but its role inHCC remains unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value and biological function of NLR genes in HCC.Methods:Transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed using nonnegative matrix factorization(NMF)to classify HCC into molecular subtypes.Differentially expressed genes were used to build an NLR-based prognostic model(NLR_score)through univariate Cox,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),andmultivariate Cox regression.Predictive performance and correlation with chemotherapy sensitivity were assessed.NLR family pyrin domain containing 5(NLRP5)was identified as a key oncogene and validated via in vitro assays,including cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),colony formation,transwell,and flow cytometry in vivo xenograft models.Results:The two NMFdefined subtypes showed distinct survival outcomes.The NLR_score reliably predicted prognosis and was associated with sensitivity to six chemotherapeutic drugs.NLRP5 knockdown suppressed HCC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion in vitro and reduced tumor growth in vivo.Mechanistically,NLRP5 modulated the p53 signaling pathway,influencing cell cycle and apoptosis.Conclusion:This study developed an NLR-based prognosticmodel that effectively stratifies HCC patients by survival risk.NLRP5 was identified as a novel oncogene promoting HCC progression via the p53 pathway,suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.展开更多
Integrating Multi-access Edge Computing(MEC) in Low Earth Orbit(LEO) network is an important way to provide globally seamless low-delay service. In this paper, we consider the scenario that MEC platforms with computat...Integrating Multi-access Edge Computing(MEC) in Low Earth Orbit(LEO) network is an important way to provide globally seamless low-delay service. In this paper, we consider the scenario that MEC platforms with computation and storage resource are deployed on LEO satellites, which is called "LEO-MEC". Service request dispatching decision is very important for resource utilization of the whole LEO-MEC system and Qo E of MEC users. Another important problem is service placement that is closely coupled with request dispatching. This paper models the joint service request dispatching and service placement problem as an optimization problem, which is a Mixed Integer Linear Programming(MILP). Our proposed mechanism solves this problem and uses the solved decision variables to dispatch requests and place services. Simulation results show that our proposed mechanism can achieve better performance in terms of ratio of served users and average hop count compared with baseline mechanism.展开更多
Hydrogeochemistry and factor analysis were conducted together to assess the distribution and the major geochemical processes in fluoride-contaminated shallow groundwater in the Yuncheng Basin.Spatially,fluoride concen...Hydrogeochemistry and factor analysis were conducted together to assess the distribution and the major geochemical processes in fluoride-contaminated shallow groundwater in the Yuncheng Basin.Spatially,fluoride concentration was low(<1.5 mg/L)in the southern piedmont plain,medium(<4 mg/L)in the central basin,and high(up to 14.1 mg/L)in Kaolao lowland areas in shallow aquifers.A three-factor principal component analysis model explained over 75.1%of the total variance.Sediment weathering leaching and evapotranspiration were recognized as the first primary hydrochemical processes response for the groundwater chemistry and explained the largest portion(42.1%)of the total variance.Factor two reflects the negative influence of human activities,with a positive loading of NO3^-and HCO3^-,and negative loading of well depth.Fluoride-bearing mineral dissolution and alkaline condition was ranked as the third factors responding for groundwater chemistry and explained 11.2%of the total variance.展开更多
Water scarcity is a global challenge,and solar evaporation technology offers a promising and eco-friendly solution for freshwater production.Photothermal conversion materials(PCMs)are crucial for solar evaporation.Imp...Water scarcity is a global challenge,and solar evaporation technology offers a promising and eco-friendly solution for freshwater production.Photothermal conversion materials(PCMs)are crucial for solar evaporation.Improving photothermal conversion efficiency and reducing water evaporation enthalpy are the two key strategies for the designing of PCMs.The desired PCMs that combine both of these properties remain a challenging task,even with the latest advancements in the field.Herein,we developed copper nanoparticles(NPs)with different conjugated nitrogen-doped microporous carbon coatings(Cu@C–N)as PCMs.The microporous carbon enveloping layer provides a highly efficient pathway for water transport and a nanoconfined environment that protects Cu NPs and facilitates the evaporation of water clusters,reducing the enthalpy of water evaporation.Meanwhile,the conjugated nitrogen nodes form strong metal-organic coordination bonds with the surface of copper NPs,acting as an energy bridge to achieve rapid energy transfer and provide high solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency.The Cu@C–N exhibited up to 89.4%solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency and an evaporation rate of 1.94 kgm^(−2) h^(−1) under one sun irradiation,outperforming conventional PCMs,including carbon-based materials and semiconductor materials.These findings offer an efficient design scheme for high-performance PCMs essential for solar evaporators to address global water scarcity.展开更多
This paper describes the combinational surface kinetics enhancement and surface states passivation of nickel-borate(Ni-Bi)co-catalyst for a hematite(Fe_(2)O_(3))photoanode.The Ni-Brmodified Fe_(2)O_(3) photoanode exhi...This paper describes the combinational surface kinetics enhancement and surface states passivation of nickel-borate(Ni-Bi)co-catalyst for a hematite(Fe_(2)O_(3))photoanode.The Ni-Brmodified Fe_(2)O_(3) photoanode exhibits a cathodic onset potential shift of 230 mV and a 2.3-fold enhancement of the photocurrent at 1.23 V,versus the reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE).The borate(Bi)in the Ni-Bi film promotes the release of pro-tons for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).展开更多
As one of the world’s most produced chemicals, ammonia(NH3) is synthesized by Haber-Bosch process. This century-old industry nourishes billions of people and promotes social and economic development. In the meantime,...As one of the world’s most produced chemicals, ammonia(NH3) is synthesized by Haber-Bosch process. This century-old industry nourishes billions of people and promotes social and economic development. In the meantime, 3%-5% of the world’s natural gas and 1%-2% of the world’s energy reserves are consumed, releasing millions of tons of carbon dioxide annually to the atmosphere. The urgency of replacing fossil fuels and mitigating climate change motivates us to progress toward more sustainable methods for N2 reduction reaction based on clean energy. Herein, we overview the emerging advancement for sustainable N2 fixation under mild conditions, which include electrochemical, photo-, plasma-enabled and homogeneous molecular NH3 productions. We focus on NH3 generation by electrocatalysts and photocatalysts. We clarify the features and progress of each kind of NH3 synthesis process and provide promising strategies to further promote sustainable ammonia production and construct state-of-the-art catalytic systems.展开更多
Epinephrine is important for first aid and usually applied via injection,which is painful and problematic in operation,thereby making it difficult to self-delivery.In this study,a method to actively transdermal delive...Epinephrine is important for first aid and usually applied via injection,which is painful and problematic in operation,thereby making it difficult to self-delivery.In this study,a method to actively transdermal delivery of epinephrine is proposed based on incorporating microneedles with iontophoresis,and then a wearable device is fabricated for rapid and controllable self-delivery of epinephrine.The device consists of a hydrogel microneedle array,a conductive drug delivery hydrogel,iontophoresis electrodes,and an encapsulated cartridge with a spring and self-locking micro-mechanism.The microneedles create subcutaneous microchannels,allowing the epinephrine contained in the hydrogel to enter the body under the control of iontophoretic currents.The dosage and rate can be adjusted at different levels by pressing the button so that it can be used by different groups of people for rapid self-aid and recovery from fatigue.The device can be worn in advance if required.In-vitro tests showed that the transdermal delivery rate of the device was between 0.02642 and 0.1059 mg/h cm^(2).As a proof-of-concept application,in-vivo experiments showed that the device could reverse life-threatening shock reactions in a piglet model of hemorrhagic shock through the delivery of epinephrine.展开更多
Bacterial infection of cutaneous wounds can easily lead to occurrence of chronic wounds and even more serious diseases.Therefore,multifunctional,biodegradable,and reusable wound dressings that can quickly manage wound...Bacterial infection of cutaneous wounds can easily lead to occurrence of chronic wounds and even more serious diseases.Therefore,multifunctional,biodegradable,and reusable wound dressings that can quickly manage wound infection and promote wound healing are urgently desired.Herein,inspired by the“capturing and killing”action of Drosera peltata Thunb.,a biomimetic cellulose film was constructed to capture the bacteria(via the rough structure of the film)and kill them(via the combination of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy)to promote wound tissue remodeling.The film(termed OBC-PR)was simply prepared by chemically crosslinking the oxidized bacterial cellulose(OBC)with polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride(PHGH)and rose bengal(RB).Notably,it could effectively capture Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial cells with capture efficiencies of~99%and~96%,respectively,within 10 min.Furthermore,the in vivo experiments showed that OBC-PR could effectively promote the macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype and adequately induce the reconstruction of blood vessels and nerves,thus promoting wound healing.This study provides a potential direction for designing multifunctional wound dressings for managing infected skin wounds in the future.展开更多
Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment(TME)greatly limits the tumor-killing therapeutic efficacy of sonodynamic therapy(SDT);this phenomenon is further exacerbated by increased glutathione(GSH)levels in cancer cells.Si...Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment(TME)greatly limits the tumor-killing therapeutic efficacy of sonodynamic therapy(SDT);this phenomenon is further exacerbated by increased glutathione(GSH)levels in cancer cells.Simultaneously,cancer starvation therapy is increasingly recognized nowadays as a promising clinical translation,but the efficacy of glucose oxidase(GOx)-based starvation therapy is also limited by the lack of oxygen in the tumor.Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)is a key glycolytic enzyme and can therefore be a target for starvation therapy in the absence of oxygen engagement.Here,we proposed thiol-ene click reactions based on a two-dimensional metal-organic framework(MOF)modification for tumor treatments to enable the combination of SDT and starvation therapy.Experimental studies demonstrated that the prepared material could consume GSH and GAPDH free from oxygen in TME,which benefited from the thiol-ene click reactions between the MOFs and thiol substances in cancer cells.Further experiments in vitro and in vivo indicated the prepared MOF materials could kill cancer cells efficiently.This study is expected to create a promising avenue for thiol-ene click reactions in SDT and starvation therapy for cancer.展开更多
1 Overview of the Honghai Gantry Crane The Honghai 22000-ton Gantry Crane(Model MDGH22000t),referred to as the Honghai Gantry Crane,was the world's largest mobile gantry crane in terms of lifting capacity and adap...1 Overview of the Honghai Gantry Crane The Honghai 22000-ton Gantry Crane(Model MDGH22000t),referred to as the Honghai Gantry Crane,was the world's largest mobile gantry crane in terms of lifting capacity and adaptability to diverse lifting objects when completed in 2014.With a total height of 148 m,a lifting height of 71.38 m,and a span of 124.8 m,it was independently developed in China,featuring proprietary intellectual property rights.The Honghai Gantry Crane consists of two cranes,each with a lifting capacity of 11,000 tons,achieving a combined maximum lifting capacity of 22,000 tons,equivalent to the weight of 400 high-speed train carriages.This capacity exceeds the largest previously operational mobile gantry cranes by 11 times.展开更多
Effective screening modalities are currently available for only a small subset of cancers,and they generally have suboptimal performance with complicated procedures.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop simple,...Effective screening modalities are currently available for only a small subset of cancers,and they generally have suboptimal performance with complicated procedures.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop simple,accurate,and non-invasive methods for early detection of cancers.Genetic and epigenetic alterations in plasma circulating cell-free DNA(cfDNA)have shown the potential to revolutionize methods of early detection of cancers and facilitate subsequent diagnosis to improve survival of patients.The medical interest in cfDNA assays has been inspired by emerging single-and multi-early detection of cancers studies.This review summarizes current technological and clinical advances,in the hopes of providing insights into the development and applications of cfDNA assays in various cancers and clinical scenarios.The key phases of clinical development of biomarkers are highlighted,and the future developments of cfDNA-based liquid biopsies in early detection of cancers are outlined.It is hoped that this study can boost the potential integration of cfDNA-based early detection of cancers into the current clinical workflow.展开更多
Synchrophasor measurements are essential to realtime situational awareness of the smart grid but vulnerable to cyber-attacks during the process of transmission and invocation.To ensure data security and mitigate the i...Synchrophasor measurements are essential to realtime situational awareness of the smart grid but vulnerable to cyber-attacks during the process of transmission and invocation.To ensure data security and mitigate the impact of spoofed synchrophasor measurements,this work proposes a novel object detection method using a Weight-based One-dimensional Convolutional Segmentation Network(WOCSN)with the ability of attack behavior identification and time localization.In WOCSN,automatic data feature extraction can be achieved by onedimensional convolution from the input signal,thereby reducing the impact of handcrafted features.A weight loss function is designed to distribute the contribution for normal and attack signals.Then,attack time is located via the proposed binary method based on pixel segmentation.Furthermore,the actual synchrophasor data collected from four locations are used for the performance evaluation of the WOCSN.Finally,combined with designed evaluation metrics,the time localization ability of WOCSN is validated in the scenarios of composite attacks with different spoofed intensities and time-sensitivities.展开更多
Background:The heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and mercury(Hg)are known to be widespread environmental contaminants and high occupational exposure adversely affects the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD).However,evidence fro...Background:The heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and mercury(Hg)are known to be widespread environmental contaminants and high occupational exposure adversely affects the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD).However,evidence from epidemiological studies linking low Cd and Hg exposure(or non-industrial)to the risk of progression to CKD are conflicting.This study aimed to explore the association of low Cd and Hg exposure with the risk of CKD in Chinese adults aged≥80 years.Methods:The participants were recruited for the Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study in 2017,an ongoing perspective survey conducted in longevity areas in China initially involving 3016 older adults.We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals of CKD setting Cd and Hg as categorical variables.Logistic regression with restricted cubic spline was used to characterize a dose-response relationships between Cd or Hg concentrations and the risk of CKD in the study population.Results:The ORs for the risk of CKD comparing the fourth to the first quartile of blood Cd,blood Hg,urine Cd,and urine Hg were 1.77,1.57,2.03,and 1.50,respectively.Restricted cubic spline models showed that blood Cd and urine Hg were significantly linearly correlated with the risk of CKD,while blood Hg and urine Cd were non-linearly correlated with the risk of CKD with a steeper slope at concentrations<2.30μg/L and 3.30μg/g creatinine.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that even low Cd and Hg exposure(or non-industrial)were associated with increased risk of CKD in Chinese oldest old,although we did not find a significant multiplicative and additive interaction between Cd and Hg levels in relation to the risk of CKD.展开更多
This study investigated the impact of a non-causative fault on the dynamic response of a nearby lined tunnel under the incidence of plane SV waves using the indirect boundary element method.The effects of several crit...This study investigated the impact of a non-causative fault on the dynamic response of a nearby lined tunnel under the incidence of plane SV waves using the indirect boundary element method.The effects of several critical parameters,such as the incident frequency,the inclination degree of the fault,the distance between the fault and the tunnel on the hoop stress of the lined inner and outer walls,were explored intensively.The numerical results indicated that the non-causative fault could significantly change the hoop stress distribution of inner and outer surfaces of the tunnels.In general,for the vertically incident seismic waves,when the tunnel was located in the foot wall(under the fault),the hoop stress within the tunnel was significantly greater than that of the tunnels in the non-fault half space,with an amplification factor of up to 117%.The amplification effect became more pronounced as the fault dip angle increased.However,when the tunnel was located in the hanging wall(above the fault),the non-causative fault could produce a significant shielding effect on the dynamic response of the tunnel under high frequency wave incidence,with the reduction of hoop stress being up to 81%.For lowfrequency waves,though,the fault could lead to an increase of the hoop stress of the tunnel of up to 152%.The research results will provide a reference for the seismic design and safety protection of underground structures in non-causative fault sites.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (No.2010JM2003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. GK200902006)
文摘Red mud was investigated in triglyceride transesterification with a view to determine its viability as a basic catalyst for use in biodiesel synthesis. The effect of calcination temperature on the structure and activity of red mud catalysts was investigated. It was found that highly active catalyst was obtained by simply drying red mud at 200℃. Utilization of red mud as a catalyst for biodiesel production not only provides a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way of recycling this solid red mud waste, significantly reducing its environmental effects, but also reduces the price of biodiesel to make biodiesel competitive with petroleum diesel.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41573118)Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province,China(14B177)Special Project of Xiangtan University~~
文摘A novel plasmonic photo‐Fenton catalyst of Ag/AgCl/Fe‐S was synthesized by ion exchange and photoreduction methods.The obtained catalyst was characterized by X‐ray diffraction,X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy,scanning electron microscope imaging,and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller measurements.Moreover,the photocatalytic activity of Ag/AgCl/Fe‐S was investigated for its degradation activity towards bisphenol A(BPA)as target pollutant under visible light irradiation.The effects of H2O2concentration,pH value,illumination intensity,and catalyst dosage on BPA degradation were examined.Our results indicated that the Ag/AgCl material was successfully loaded onto Fe‐sepiolite and showed a high photocatalytic activity under illumination by visible light.Furthermore,active species capture experiments were performed to explore the photocatalytic mechanism of the Ag/AgCl/Fe‐S in this heterogeneous photo‐Fenton process,where the major active species included hydroxyl radicals(?OH)and holes(h+).
基金financially supported National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41521001 and 41877204)the 111 Program(State Administration Foreign Experts Affairs&the Ministry of Education of China,Grant No.B18049)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2018M642944)。
文摘This study investigates the values of pH,total dissolved solids(TDS),elevation,oxidative reduction potential(ORP),temperature,and depth,while the concentrations of Br,and potentially harmful metals(PHMs)such as Cr,Ni,Cd,Mn,Cu,Pb,Co,Zn,and Fe in the groundwater samples.Moreover,geographic information system(GIS),XLSTAT,and IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software were used for spatial distribution modeling,principal component analysis(PCA),cluster analysis(CA),and Quantile-Quantile(Q-Q)plotting to determine groundwater pollution sources,similarity index,and normal distribution reference line for the selected parameters.The mean values of pH,TDS,elevation,ORP,temperature,depth,and Br were 7.2,322 mg/L,364 m,188 mV,29.6℃,70 m,0.20 mg/L,and PHMs like Cr,Ni,Cd,Mn,Cu,Pb,Co,Zn,and Fe were 0.38,0.26,0.08,0.27,0.36,0.22,0.04,0.43 and 0.86 mg/L,respectively.PHMs including Cr(89%),Cd(43%),Mn(23%),Pb(79%),Co(20%),and Fe(91%)exceeded the guideline values set by the world health organization(WHO).The significant R^(2)values of PCA for selected parameters were also determined(0.62,0.67,0.78,0.73,0.60,0.87,-0.50,0.69,0.70,0.74,-0.50,0.70,0.67,0.79,0.59,and-0.55,respectively).PCA revealed three geochemical processes such as geogenic,anthropogenic,and reducing conditions.The mineral phases of Cd(OH)_(2),Fe(OH)_(3),FeOOH,Mn_(3)O_(4),Fe_(2)O_(3),MnOOH,Pb(OH)_(2),Mn(OH)_(2),MnO_(2),and Zn(OH)_(2)(-3.7,3.75,9.7,-5.8,8.9,-3.6,2.2,-4.6,-7.7,-0.9,and 0.003,respectively)showed super-saturation and under-saturation conditions.Health risk assessment(HRA)values for PHMs were also calculated and the values of hazard quotient(HQ),and hazard indices(HI)for the entire study area were increased in the following order:Cd>Ni>Cu>Pb>Mn>Zn>Cr.Relatively higher HQ and HI values of Ni,Cd,Pb,and Cu were greater than one showing unsuitability of groundwater for domestic,agriculture,and drinking purposes.The long-term ingestion of groundwater could also cause severe health concerns such as kidney,brain dysfunction,liver,stomach problems,and even cancer.
基金supported by the open task of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(QNLM2016ORP0311)the NSFC projects (41876174, U1906216)+4 种基金the Senior User Project of RV KEXUE (KEXUE2019GZ03) supported by Center for Ocean Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe DICP&QIBEBT (DICP&QIBEBT UN201803)the QIBEBT (QIBEBT ZZBS 201805)Dalian National Laboratory For Clean Energy (DNL),CASCentral Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS (No. 2017HY-ZD1002)。
文摘To avoid the negative effects of antibiotics,using phage to prevent animal disease becomes a promising method in aquaculture.Here,a lytic phage provisionally named vB_Vca S_HC that can infect the pathogen(i.e.,Vibrio campbellii 18)of prawn was isolated.The phage has an isometric head and a non-contractile tail.During phage infection,the induced host mortality in 5.5 h reached ca.96%,with a latent period of 1.5 h and a burst size of 172 PFU/cell.It has an 81,566 bp circular ds DNA genome containing 121 open reading frames(ORFs),and ca.71%of the ORFs are functionally unknown.Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis revealed that it is a novel phage belonging to Delepquintavirus,Siphoviridae,Caudovirales.In the phage genome,besides the ordinary genes related to structure assembly and DNA metabolism,there are 10 auxiliary metabolic genes.For the first time,the pyruvate phosphate dikinase(PPDK)gene was found in phages whose product is a key rate-limiting enzyme involving Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas(EMP)reaction.Interestingly,although the phage has a strong bactericidal activity and contains a potential lysogeny related gene,i.e.,the recombinase(Rec A)gene,we did not find the phage turned into a lysogenic state.Meanwhile,the phage genome does not contain any bacterial virulence gene or antimicrobial resistance gene.This study represents the first comprehensive characterization of a lytic V.campbellii phage and indicates that it is a promising candidate for the treatment of V.campbellii infections.
基金supported by military logistics scientific research project(AHJ16J004)。
文摘BACKGROUND:Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta(REBOA)can temporarily control traumatic bleeding.However,its prolonged use potentially leads to ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI).Partial REBOA(pREBOA)can alleviate ischemic burden;however,its security and eff ectiveness prior to operative hemorrhage control remains unknown.Hence,we aimed to estimate the effi cacy of pREBOA in a swine model of liver injury using an experimental sliding-chamber ballistic gun.METHODS:Twenty Landrace pigs were randomized into control(no aortic occlusion)(n=5),intervention with complete REBOA(cREBOA)(n=5),continuous pREBOA(C-pREBOA)(n=5),and sequential pREBOA(S-pREBOA)(n=5)groups.In the cREBOA and C-pREBOA groups,the balloon was inflated for 60 min.The hemodynamic and laboratory values were compared at various observation time points.Tissue samples immediately after animal euthanasia from the myocardium,liver,kidneys,and duodenum were collected for histological assessment using hematoxylin and eosin staining.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the survival rate of the REBOA groups was prominently improved(all P<0.05).The total volume of blood loss was markedly lower in the cREBOA group(493.14±127.31 mL)compared with other groups(P<0.01).The pH was significantly lower at 180 min in the cREBOA and S-pREBOA groups(P<0.05).At 120 min,the S-pREBOA group showed higher alanine aminotransferase(P<0.05)but lower blood urea nitrogen compared with the cREBOA group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:In this trauma model with liver injury,a 60-minute pREBOA resulted in improved survival rate and was effective in maintaining reliable aortic pressure,despite persistent hemorrhage.Extended tolerance time for aortic occlusion in Zone I for non-compressible torso hemorrhage was feasible with both continuous partial and sequential partial measures,and the significant improvement in the severity of acidosis and distal organ injury was observed in the sequential pREBOA.
基金This work was funded under the auspices of the Natural Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0500602)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672471,31472134,www.nsfc.gov.cn,YFY+1 种基金31570332,www.nsfc.gov.cn,CZ)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(B16011).
文摘Ramet modules in a certain population differ in terms of functions,which accounts for different contributions of the same ramets.Shortening heading time brings about different contributions of such modules.Ramets heading one after another were treated as a continuum in respective cohorts of Elymus cylindricus aged two.The reproductive ramets that head earlier were marked with tags every four days during the whole heading stage from the beginning to the end,after which all the labeled ramets at the maturity period were gathered.The results showed that,the height and biomass of ramets,the length and biomass of inflorescences,percentage of inflorescence length to ramet height,percentage of inflorescence biomass to ramet biomass,the number and biomass of seeds,seed-setting rate,and percentage of seed biomass to ramet biomass declined with the increasing intensity of heading time shortening as displayed with linear or quadratic function.Ramet characteristics weakened remarkably when shortened heading time added up to 17 days.The biomass distribution in relation to inflorescence and seed maintain a stable rate at the early heading stage and dwindled quickly at the near-end stage,but the biomass of ramets remain constant throughout the entire heading stage.The ramets with earlier heading time make greater contribution to the survival of population than the shortened heading time in this species of bunchgrass.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81973983,82270015,82100017,82302577,82304209,82370016)Anhui Province Scientific Research Planning Project(2023AH010083,2023AH053282)+4 种基金the Joint Construction Project of Clinical Medicine University and Hospital(No.2021lcxk006)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2208085MH264,2308085QH284,2308085MH243)the China Primary Health Care Foundation(No.MTP2022A015)the Project Supported by Anhui Medical University(2021xkj138,2021xkj067)Anhui Provincial Health Research Project(AHWJ2022b076).
文摘Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a major cause of cancer-related deaths.The Nod-like receptor(NLR)family is involved in innate immunity and tumor progression,but its role inHCC remains unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value and biological function of NLR genes in HCC.Methods:Transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed using nonnegative matrix factorization(NMF)to classify HCC into molecular subtypes.Differentially expressed genes were used to build an NLR-based prognostic model(NLR_score)through univariate Cox,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),andmultivariate Cox regression.Predictive performance and correlation with chemotherapy sensitivity were assessed.NLR family pyrin domain containing 5(NLRP5)was identified as a key oncogene and validated via in vitro assays,including cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),colony formation,transwell,and flow cytometry in vivo xenograft models.Results:The two NMFdefined subtypes showed distinct survival outcomes.The NLR_score reliably predicted prognosis and was associated with sensitivity to six chemotherapeutic drugs.NLRP5 knockdown suppressed HCC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion in vitro and reduced tumor growth in vivo.Mechanistically,NLRP5 modulated the p53 signaling pathway,influencing cell cycle and apoptosis.Conclusion:This study developed an NLR-based prognosticmodel that effectively stratifies HCC patients by survival risk.NLRP5 was identified as a novel oncogene promoting HCC progression via the p53 pathway,suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.
基金funded by the Excellent Postdoctoral Study Project Funding of Hebei Province,grant number B2019005006。
文摘Integrating Multi-access Edge Computing(MEC) in Low Earth Orbit(LEO) network is an important way to provide globally seamless low-delay service. In this paper, we consider the scenario that MEC platforms with computation and storage resource are deployed on LEO satellites, which is called "LEO-MEC". Service request dispatching decision is very important for resource utilization of the whole LEO-MEC system and Qo E of MEC users. Another important problem is service placement that is closely coupled with request dispatching. This paper models the joint service request dispatching and service placement problem as an optimization problem, which is a Mixed Integer Linear Programming(MILP). Our proposed mechanism solves this problem and uses the solved decision variables to dispatch requests and place services. Simulation results show that our proposed mechanism can achieve better performance in terms of ratio of served users and average hop count compared with baseline mechanism.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41877204)Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41521001)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M642944)。
文摘Hydrogeochemistry and factor analysis were conducted together to assess the distribution and the major geochemical processes in fluoride-contaminated shallow groundwater in the Yuncheng Basin.Spatially,fluoride concentration was low(<1.5 mg/L)in the southern piedmont plain,medium(<4 mg/L)in the central basin,and high(up to 14.1 mg/L)in Kaolao lowland areas in shallow aquifers.A three-factor principal component analysis model explained over 75.1%of the total variance.Sediment weathering leaching and evapotranspiration were recognized as the first primary hydrochemical processes response for the groundwater chemistry and explained the largest portion(42.1%)of the total variance.Factor two reflects the negative influence of human activities,with a positive loading of NO3^-and HCO3^-,and negative loading of well depth.Fluoride-bearing mineral dissolution and alkaline condition was ranked as the third factors responding for groundwater chemistry and explained 11.2%of the total variance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52162012,52262014,22368019)Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province(Grant Nos.ZDYF2022SHFZ053,ZDYF2021GXJS209)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Talent Platform Fund for South China Sea New Star of Hainan Province(Grant No.NHXXRCXM202305)Open Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea(Grant No.MRUKF2023020).
文摘Water scarcity is a global challenge,and solar evaporation technology offers a promising and eco-friendly solution for freshwater production.Photothermal conversion materials(PCMs)are crucial for solar evaporation.Improving photothermal conversion efficiency and reducing water evaporation enthalpy are the two key strategies for the designing of PCMs.The desired PCMs that combine both of these properties remain a challenging task,even with the latest advancements in the field.Herein,we developed copper nanoparticles(NPs)with different conjugated nitrogen-doped microporous carbon coatings(Cu@C–N)as PCMs.The microporous carbon enveloping layer provides a highly efficient pathway for water transport and a nanoconfined environment that protects Cu NPs and facilitates the evaporation of water clusters,reducing the enthalpy of water evaporation.Meanwhile,the conjugated nitrogen nodes form strong metal-organic coordination bonds with the surface of copper NPs,acting as an energy bridge to achieve rapid energy transfer and provide high solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency.The Cu@C–N exhibited up to 89.4%solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency and an evaporation rate of 1.94 kgm^(−2) h^(−1) under one sun irradiation,outperforming conventional PCMs,including carbon-based materials and semiconductor materials.These findings offer an efficient design scheme for high-performance PCMs essential for solar evaporators to address global water scarcity.
基金We acknowledge the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0600901),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21525626,U1463205,U1662111),the Special-ized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20130032120018),and the Program of Introducing Talents of Disci-pline to Universities(B06006)for financial support.
文摘This paper describes the combinational surface kinetics enhancement and surface states passivation of nickel-borate(Ni-Bi)co-catalyst for a hematite(Fe_(2)O_(3))photoanode.The Ni-Brmodified Fe_(2)O_(3) photoanode exhibits a cathodic onset potential shift of 230 mV and a 2.3-fold enhancement of the photocurrent at 1.23 V,versus the reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE).The borate(Bi)in the Ni-Bi film promotes the release of pro-tons for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).
文摘As one of the world’s most produced chemicals, ammonia(NH3) is synthesized by Haber-Bosch process. This century-old industry nourishes billions of people and promotes social and economic development. In the meantime, 3%-5% of the world’s natural gas and 1%-2% of the world’s energy reserves are consumed, releasing millions of tons of carbon dioxide annually to the atmosphere. The urgency of replacing fossil fuels and mitigating climate change motivates us to progress toward more sustainable methods for N2 reduction reaction based on clean energy. Herein, we overview the emerging advancement for sustainable N2 fixation under mild conditions, which include electrochemical, photo-, plasma-enabled and homogeneous molecular NH3 productions. We focus on NH3 generation by electrocatalysts and photocatalysts. We clarify the features and progress of each kind of NH3 synthesis process and provide promising strategies to further promote sustainable ammonia production and construct state-of-the-art catalytic systems.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3203700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82072012 and 82102230)the 111 Project of China(No.B07014).
文摘Epinephrine is important for first aid and usually applied via injection,which is painful and problematic in operation,thereby making it difficult to self-delivery.In this study,a method to actively transdermal delivery of epinephrine is proposed based on incorporating microneedles with iontophoresis,and then a wearable device is fabricated for rapid and controllable self-delivery of epinephrine.The device consists of a hydrogel microneedle array,a conductive drug delivery hydrogel,iontophoresis electrodes,and an encapsulated cartridge with a spring and self-locking micro-mechanism.The microneedles create subcutaneous microchannels,allowing the epinephrine contained in the hydrogel to enter the body under the control of iontophoretic currents.The dosage and rate can be adjusted at different levels by pressing the button so that it can be used by different groups of people for rapid self-aid and recovery from fatigue.The device can be worn in advance if required.In-vitro tests showed that the transdermal delivery rate of the device was between 0.02642 and 0.1059 mg/h cm^(2).As a proof-of-concept application,in-vivo experiments showed that the device could reverse life-threatening shock reactions in a piglet model of hemorrhagic shock through the delivery of epinephrine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101916 and 22205166)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20200619).
文摘Bacterial infection of cutaneous wounds can easily lead to occurrence of chronic wounds and even more serious diseases.Therefore,multifunctional,biodegradable,and reusable wound dressings that can quickly manage wound infection and promote wound healing are urgently desired.Herein,inspired by the“capturing and killing”action of Drosera peltata Thunb.,a biomimetic cellulose film was constructed to capture the bacteria(via the rough structure of the film)and kill them(via the combination of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy)to promote wound tissue remodeling.The film(termed OBC-PR)was simply prepared by chemically crosslinking the oxidized bacterial cellulose(OBC)with polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride(PHGH)and rose bengal(RB).Notably,it could effectively capture Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial cells with capture efficiencies of~99%and~96%,respectively,within 10 min.Furthermore,the in vivo experiments showed that OBC-PR could effectively promote the macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype and adequately induce the reconstruction of blood vessels and nerves,thus promoting wound healing.This study provides a potential direction for designing multifunctional wound dressings for managing infected skin wounds in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172096)the Classification Development of the Capital Normal University(009-2155091)。
文摘Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment(TME)greatly limits the tumor-killing therapeutic efficacy of sonodynamic therapy(SDT);this phenomenon is further exacerbated by increased glutathione(GSH)levels in cancer cells.Simultaneously,cancer starvation therapy is increasingly recognized nowadays as a promising clinical translation,but the efficacy of glucose oxidase(GOx)-based starvation therapy is also limited by the lack of oxygen in the tumor.Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)is a key glycolytic enzyme and can therefore be a target for starvation therapy in the absence of oxygen engagement.Here,we proposed thiol-ene click reactions based on a two-dimensional metal-organic framework(MOF)modification for tumor treatments to enable the combination of SDT and starvation therapy.Experimental studies demonstrated that the prepared material could consume GSH and GAPDH free from oxygen in TME,which benefited from the thiol-ene click reactions between the MOFs and thiol substances in cancer cells.Further experiments in vitro and in vivo indicated the prepared MOF materials could kill cancer cells efficiently.This study is expected to create a promising avenue for thiol-ene click reactions in SDT and starvation therapy for cancer.
文摘1 Overview of the Honghai Gantry Crane The Honghai 22000-ton Gantry Crane(Model MDGH22000t),referred to as the Honghai Gantry Crane,was the world's largest mobile gantry crane in terms of lifting capacity and adaptability to diverse lifting objects when completed in 2014.With a total height of 148 m,a lifting height of 71.38 m,and a span of 124.8 m,it was independently developed in China,featuring proprietary intellectual property rights.The Honghai Gantry Crane consists of two cranes,each with a lifting capacity of 11,000 tons,achieving a combined maximum lifting capacity of 22,000 tons,equivalent to the weight of 400 high-speed train carriages.This capacity exceeds the largest previously operational mobile gantry cranes by 11 times.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81961128025)Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(No.19XD1420700)and Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty。
文摘Effective screening modalities are currently available for only a small subset of cancers,and they generally have suboptimal performance with complicated procedures.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop simple,accurate,and non-invasive methods for early detection of cancers.Genetic and epigenetic alterations in plasma circulating cell-free DNA(cfDNA)have shown the potential to revolutionize methods of early detection of cancers and facilitate subsequent diagnosis to improve survival of patients.The medical interest in cfDNA assays has been inspired by emerging single-and multi-early detection of cancers studies.This review summarizes current technological and clinical advances,in the hopes of providing insights into the development and applications of cfDNA assays in various cancers and clinical scenarios.The key phases of clinical development of biomarkers are highlighted,and the future developments of cfDNA-based liquid biopsies in early detection of cancers are outlined.It is hoped that this study can boost the potential integration of cfDNA-based early detection of cancers into the current clinical workflow.
基金This work is supported in part by the CURENT Industry Partnership Program,in part by the Engineering Research Center Program of the National Science Foundation,DOE under NSF Award Number EEC-1041877in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under award number 52177078in part with the project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under award number BX20220102.
文摘Synchrophasor measurements are essential to realtime situational awareness of the smart grid but vulnerable to cyber-attacks during the process of transmission and invocation.To ensure data security and mitigate the impact of spoofed synchrophasor measurements,this work proposes a novel object detection method using a Weight-based One-dimensional Convolutional Segmentation Network(WOCSN)with the ability of attack behavior identification and time localization.In WOCSN,automatic data feature extraction can be achieved by onedimensional convolution from the input signal,thereby reducing the impact of handcrafted features.A weight loss function is designed to distribute the contribution for normal and attack signals.Then,attack time is located via the proposed binary method based on pixel segmentation.Furthermore,the actual synchrophasor data collected from four locations are used for the performance evaluation of the WOCSN.Finally,combined with designed evaluation metrics,the time localization ability of WOCSN is validated in the scenarios of composite attacks with different spoofed intensities and time-sensitivities.
基金National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.82025030,82003550,81872707,and 81941023)Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2021-JKCS-028)
文摘Background:The heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and mercury(Hg)are known to be widespread environmental contaminants and high occupational exposure adversely affects the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD).However,evidence from epidemiological studies linking low Cd and Hg exposure(or non-industrial)to the risk of progression to CKD are conflicting.This study aimed to explore the association of low Cd and Hg exposure with the risk of CKD in Chinese adults aged≥80 years.Methods:The participants were recruited for the Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study in 2017,an ongoing perspective survey conducted in longevity areas in China initially involving 3016 older adults.We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals of CKD setting Cd and Hg as categorical variables.Logistic regression with restricted cubic spline was used to characterize a dose-response relationships between Cd or Hg concentrations and the risk of CKD in the study population.Results:The ORs for the risk of CKD comparing the fourth to the first quartile of blood Cd,blood Hg,urine Cd,and urine Hg were 1.77,1.57,2.03,and 1.50,respectively.Restricted cubic spline models showed that blood Cd and urine Hg were significantly linearly correlated with the risk of CKD,while blood Hg and urine Cd were non-linearly correlated with the risk of CKD with a steeper slope at concentrations<2.30μg/L and 3.30μg/g creatinine.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that even low Cd and Hg exposure(or non-industrial)were associated with increased risk of CKD in Chinese oldest old,although we did not find a significant multiplicative and additive interaction between Cd and Hg levels in relation to the risk of CKD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51878434,51878108)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(Grant No.18JCZDJC 39200)Program of Tianjin Science and Technology Plan(Grant No.18ZXGDGX00050).
文摘This study investigated the impact of a non-causative fault on the dynamic response of a nearby lined tunnel under the incidence of plane SV waves using the indirect boundary element method.The effects of several critical parameters,such as the incident frequency,the inclination degree of the fault,the distance between the fault and the tunnel on the hoop stress of the lined inner and outer walls,were explored intensively.The numerical results indicated that the non-causative fault could significantly change the hoop stress distribution of inner and outer surfaces of the tunnels.In general,for the vertically incident seismic waves,when the tunnel was located in the foot wall(under the fault),the hoop stress within the tunnel was significantly greater than that of the tunnels in the non-fault half space,with an amplification factor of up to 117%.The amplification effect became more pronounced as the fault dip angle increased.However,when the tunnel was located in the hanging wall(above the fault),the non-causative fault could produce a significant shielding effect on the dynamic response of the tunnel under high frequency wave incidence,with the reduction of hoop stress being up to 81%.For lowfrequency waves,though,the fault could lead to an increase of the hoop stress of the tunnel of up to 152%.The research results will provide a reference for the seismic design and safety protection of underground structures in non-causative fault sites.
