Humins,as a group of by-products formed through the condensation and coupling of fragment intermediates during lignocellulosic biomass refining,can cause numerous negative effects such as the wastage of carbon resourc...Humins,as a group of by-products formed through the condensation and coupling of fragment intermediates during lignocellulosic biomass refining,can cause numerous negative effects such as the wastage of carbon resources,clogging of reactor piping,deactivation of catalyst,and barriers to product separation.Elucidating the generation mechanism of humins,developing efficient inhibitors,and even utilizing them as a resource,both from the perspective of atom economy and safe production,constitutes a research endeavor replete with challenges and opportunities.Orbiting the critical issue of humins structure and its generation mechanism from cellulose and hemicellulose resources,the random condensation between intermediates such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural,furfural,2,5-dioxo-6-hydroxyhexanal,and 1,2,4-benzenetriol etc.were systematically summarized.Additionally,the presence of lignin in real biorefining processes further promotes the formation of a special type of humins known as"pseudo-lignin".The influences of various factors,including raw materials,reaction temperature and time,acid-base environment,as well as solvent systems and catalysts,on the formation of humins were comprehensively analyzed.To minimize the formation of humins,the design of efficient solvent systems and catalysts is crucial.Furthermore,this review investigates the approaches to value-added applications of humins.The corresponding summary could provide guidance for the development of the humins chemistry.展开更多
目的探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)在老年腰椎间盘突出症局部麻醉经皮脊柱内镜术中的临床效果及应用价值。方法选取2020年10月至2021年10月沧州市中心医院收治的30例腰椎间盘突出症老年患者,采用随机数表法分为两组,其中ERAS组15例,对照组15...目的探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)在老年腰椎间盘突出症局部麻醉经皮脊柱内镜术中的临床效果及应用价值。方法选取2020年10月至2021年10月沧州市中心医院收治的30例腰椎间盘突出症老年患者,采用随机数表法分为两组,其中ERAS组15例,对照组15例。对照组采用常规的禁食、补液、自控泵镇痛、术后放置引流等围手术期方案,ERAS组采用术前宣教、不禁食水、不放置引流、多模式镇痛、复合止血药物应用、早期功能锻炼等方案,比较两组患者在手术时间、术中出血量、离床下地活动时间、术后住院时间,手术相关并发症发生率方面的差别,并对两组患者术前、术后3 d、术后3个月采用视觉模拟疼痛量表(VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)及改良Macnab评分进行临床效果比较。结果ERAS组手术时间、术中止血时间、术后住院时间、术后3 d VAS评分及ODI评分、术后并发症总发生率均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而两组在术后3个月VAS评分、ODI评分、改良Macnab评分方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在应用脊柱内镜治疗老年腰椎间盘突出症围手术期间应用ERAS模式,可以缩短患者术后住院时间、加快手术时间、减轻患者术后疼痛,有利于术后早期疼痛缓解和快速康复。展开更多
该文通过制定检索式,以"Hospital Administration"等主题检索Web of science核心合集数据库收录的2000-2019年近20年的国内外医院管理相关文献,借助Thomson Data Analyzer(TDA)、Ucinet等可视化软件,从检索文献的年度发文量...该文通过制定检索式,以"Hospital Administration"等主题检索Web of science核心合集数据库收录的2000-2019年近20年的国内外医院管理相关文献,借助Thomson Data Analyzer(TDA)、Ucinet等可视化软件,从检索文献的年度发文量、文献国家/地区合作网络、资助机构、高被引论文、研究领域等方面,对比分析国内外医院管理发文量、资助机构、研究领域的不同,探讨我国医院管理研究未来发展的趋势。展开更多
文摘Humins,as a group of by-products formed through the condensation and coupling of fragment intermediates during lignocellulosic biomass refining,can cause numerous negative effects such as the wastage of carbon resources,clogging of reactor piping,deactivation of catalyst,and barriers to product separation.Elucidating the generation mechanism of humins,developing efficient inhibitors,and even utilizing them as a resource,both from the perspective of atom economy and safe production,constitutes a research endeavor replete with challenges and opportunities.Orbiting the critical issue of humins structure and its generation mechanism from cellulose and hemicellulose resources,the random condensation between intermediates such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural,furfural,2,5-dioxo-6-hydroxyhexanal,and 1,2,4-benzenetriol etc.were systematically summarized.Additionally,the presence of lignin in real biorefining processes further promotes the formation of a special type of humins known as"pseudo-lignin".The influences of various factors,including raw materials,reaction temperature and time,acid-base environment,as well as solvent systems and catalysts,on the formation of humins were comprehensively analyzed.To minimize the formation of humins,the design of efficient solvent systems and catalysts is crucial.Furthermore,this review investigates the approaches to value-added applications of humins.The corresponding summary could provide guidance for the development of the humins chemistry.
文摘目的探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)在老年腰椎间盘突出症局部麻醉经皮脊柱内镜术中的临床效果及应用价值。方法选取2020年10月至2021年10月沧州市中心医院收治的30例腰椎间盘突出症老年患者,采用随机数表法分为两组,其中ERAS组15例,对照组15例。对照组采用常规的禁食、补液、自控泵镇痛、术后放置引流等围手术期方案,ERAS组采用术前宣教、不禁食水、不放置引流、多模式镇痛、复合止血药物应用、早期功能锻炼等方案,比较两组患者在手术时间、术中出血量、离床下地活动时间、术后住院时间,手术相关并发症发生率方面的差别,并对两组患者术前、术后3 d、术后3个月采用视觉模拟疼痛量表(VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)及改良Macnab评分进行临床效果比较。结果ERAS组手术时间、术中止血时间、术后住院时间、术后3 d VAS评分及ODI评分、术后并发症总发生率均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而两组在术后3个月VAS评分、ODI评分、改良Macnab评分方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在应用脊柱内镜治疗老年腰椎间盘突出症围手术期间应用ERAS模式,可以缩短患者术后住院时间、加快手术时间、减轻患者术后疼痛,有利于术后早期疼痛缓解和快速康复。
文摘该文通过制定检索式,以"Hospital Administration"等主题检索Web of science核心合集数据库收录的2000-2019年近20年的国内外医院管理相关文献,借助Thomson Data Analyzer(TDA)、Ucinet等可视化软件,从检索文献的年度发文量、文献国家/地区合作网络、资助机构、高被引论文、研究领域等方面,对比分析国内外医院管理发文量、资助机构、研究领域的不同,探讨我国医院管理研究未来发展的趋势。
