Background Systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress occur in laying hens during the aging process,particularly during the post-peaking laying period,which generally result in multi-organ damages,leading to...Background Systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress occur in laying hens during the aging process,particularly during the post-peaking laying period,which generally result in multi-organ damages,leading to significant declines in egg performance and quality.Chlorogenic acid(CGA)-enriched extract from Eucommia ulmoides leaves has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.However,the mechanisms underlying whether and how CGA alleviates systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress to improve egg performance and quality in postpeaking laying hens remain unclear.In this study,the potential regulatory mechanisms of CGA in alleviating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress along the gut-liver axis were investigated.A total of 36055-week-old Hy-line white-laying hens were randomly selected and divided into four groups.The hens in the four groups were fed a basal diet(CON)or basal diets supplemented with 200,400,and 800 mg/kg of CGA(CGA200,CGA400,and CGA800,respectively)for 10 weeks.Results The results demonstrated that CGA significantly alleviated intestinal and hepatic damages resulting from systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress,thereby improving the laying performance and egg quality of post-peaking laying hens.CGA reduced systemic inflammation by improving intestinal barrier function and modulating inflammation-associated microbiota(Blautia and Megamonas),thus inhibiting endotoxin translocation.CGA can also reduce oxidative stress by upregulating the NRF-2 pathway-related genes and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver.The results of transcriptome sequencing revealed that CGA promoted lipid metabolism by regulating hepatic adipocytokine pathway-related genes/protein and reduced the inflammatory responses and apoptosis in liver by regulating PI3K/AKT pathway-related genes/proteins,which was also verified by qPCR and western blotting.Conclusion CGA alleviated multi-organ damages and dysfunction by suppressing the systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in post-peaking laying hens,thereby improving egg performance and quality.The optimal dose of CGA is 400 mg/kg in this experiment.These results provide a sound theoretical basis for the application of CGA as an exogenous animal feed additive for laying hens.展开更多
Background Magnolol(MAG)exhibits hepatoprotective activity,however,whether and how MAG regulates the gut microbiota to alleviate fatty liv er hemorrhagic syndrome(FLH S)remains unclear.Therefore,we investigated the me...Background Magnolol(MAG)exhibits hepatoprotective activity,however,whether and how MAG regulates the gut microbiota to alleviate fatty liv er hemorrhagic syndrome(FLH S)remains unclear.Therefore,we investigated the mechanism of MAG in FLHS laying hens with an emphasis on alterations in the gut-liver axis.We randomly divided 54056-week-old Hy-line white laying hens with FLSH into 4 groups.The birds were fed a high-fat low-protein(HFLP)diet(CON).or HELP diets supplemented with 200,400,and 600 mg/kg of MAG(M1,M2,and M3,respectively)for 9 weeks.Results Magnolol supplementation increased the laying rate and ameliorated hepatic damage and dysfunction by regulating lipid metabolism,improving intestinal barrier function,and shaping the gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolic profiles.Dietary MAG supplementation downregulated the expression of lipid synthesis genes and upregulated the expression of lipid transport genes at varying degrees.The intestinal barrier function was improved by 200and 400 mg/kg of MAG supplementation,as evidenced by the increased villus height and mRNA expression of tight junction related genes.Microbiological profile information revealed that MAG changed the gut microbiota,especially by elevating the abundances of Lactobacillus,Faecallbacterium,and Butyricicoccus.Moreover,non-targeted metabolomic analysis showed that MAG significantly promoted tryptophan metabolites,which was positively correlated with the MAG-enriched gut microbiota.The increased tryptophan metabolites could activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)and relieved hepatic inflammation and immune response evidenced by the downregulated the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and inte rleukin-6(IL-6)in the liver.The fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)experiments further con firmed that the hepatoprotective effect is likely mediated by MAG-altered gut microbiota and their metabolites.Conclusions Magnolol can be an outstanding supplement for the prevention and mitigation of FLHS in laying hens by positively regulating lipid synthesis and transport metabolism,improving the intestinal barrier function,and relieving hepatic nmation by reshaping the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles through gut microbiota-indole metabolite-hepatic AhR crosstalk.These findings elucidate the mechanisms by which MAG alleviates FLHS and provide a promising method for preventing liver diseases by modulating gut microbiota and their metabolites.展开更多
Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide(HEP)is widely regarded as a potential food additive because of its rich nutritional value.This study aimed to explore the effect of HEP on the eggshell quality of aged laying hens and...Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide(HEP)is widely regarded as a potential food additive because of its rich nutritional value.This study aimed to explore the effect of HEP on the eggshell quality of aged laying hens and to reveal the mechanisms with particular emphasis on the alterations of uterine microbiota and health.A total of 360 Jingbai laying hens at 58 weeks old were randomly allocated into 4 groups,with 6 replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate.The hens were fed basal diets supplemented with 0,250,500,or 750 mg/kg HEP for 8 weeks.The results showed that HEP supplementation enhanced eggshell quality by improving the eggshell ultrastructure,as evidenced by increased eggshell thickness and strength(P<0.05).HEP decreased the abundance of Enterobacterales,Yersiniaceae,and Rahnella and increased the abundance of Actinobacteria in the uterus(P<0.05).HEP inhibited the activation of the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway and decreased(P<0.05)the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α).HEP promoted cell proliferation,as evidenced by the increased(P<0.05)expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and Proliferation Ki-67(Ki67),and reduced necrotic apoptosis by downregulating(P<0.05)the mRNA expression of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3(Caspase-3)and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 9(Caspase-9).HEP restored the physiological function of the uterus and improved eggshell biomineralization as evidenced by the increased mRNA levels of ATPase plasma membrane Ca^(2+)transporting 1(ATP2B1),ATPase plasma membrane Ca^(2+)transporting 2(ATP2B2),and solute carrier family 26 member 9(SLC26A9)and decreased ovotransferrin(OVOT)expression(P<0.05).These findings suggest that dietary HEP supplementation can improve the functional integrity of the uterus and modulate uterine microbiota.The enhanced functional integrity of the uterus facilitates the regulation of the expression of proteins involved in eggshell biomineralization,thereby ultimately improving eggshell quality through the modulation of eggshell ultrastructure.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Collaborative Extension Program for Advancements in Agricultural Technologies of Zhejiang Province(Grant no:2023ZDXT15)the Key Research&Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant no:2024C02004)Bureau of Science and Technology of Xinchang County Foundation.
文摘Background Systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress occur in laying hens during the aging process,particularly during the post-peaking laying period,which generally result in multi-organ damages,leading to significant declines in egg performance and quality.Chlorogenic acid(CGA)-enriched extract from Eucommia ulmoides leaves has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.However,the mechanisms underlying whether and how CGA alleviates systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress to improve egg performance and quality in postpeaking laying hens remain unclear.In this study,the potential regulatory mechanisms of CGA in alleviating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress along the gut-liver axis were investigated.A total of 36055-week-old Hy-line white-laying hens were randomly selected and divided into four groups.The hens in the four groups were fed a basal diet(CON)or basal diets supplemented with 200,400,and 800 mg/kg of CGA(CGA200,CGA400,and CGA800,respectively)for 10 weeks.Results The results demonstrated that CGA significantly alleviated intestinal and hepatic damages resulting from systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress,thereby improving the laying performance and egg quality of post-peaking laying hens.CGA reduced systemic inflammation by improving intestinal barrier function and modulating inflammation-associated microbiota(Blautia and Megamonas),thus inhibiting endotoxin translocation.CGA can also reduce oxidative stress by upregulating the NRF-2 pathway-related genes and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver.The results of transcriptome sequencing revealed that CGA promoted lipid metabolism by regulating hepatic adipocytokine pathway-related genes/protein and reduced the inflammatory responses and apoptosis in liver by regulating PI3K/AKT pathway-related genes/proteins,which was also verified by qPCR and western blotting.Conclusion CGA alleviated multi-organ damages and dysfunction by suppressing the systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in post-peaking laying hens,thereby improving egg performance and quality.The optimal dose of CGA is 400 mg/kg in this experiment.These results provide a sound theoretical basis for the application of CGA as an exogenous animal feed additive for laying hens.
基金financially supported by the Key Research&Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant no:2024C02004)the Collaborative Extension Program for Advancements in Agricultural Technologies of Zhejiang Province(Grant no:2023ZDXT15)。
文摘Background Magnolol(MAG)exhibits hepatoprotective activity,however,whether and how MAG regulates the gut microbiota to alleviate fatty liv er hemorrhagic syndrome(FLH S)remains unclear.Therefore,we investigated the mechanism of MAG in FLHS laying hens with an emphasis on alterations in the gut-liver axis.We randomly divided 54056-week-old Hy-line white laying hens with FLSH into 4 groups.The birds were fed a high-fat low-protein(HFLP)diet(CON).or HELP diets supplemented with 200,400,and 600 mg/kg of MAG(M1,M2,and M3,respectively)for 9 weeks.Results Magnolol supplementation increased the laying rate and ameliorated hepatic damage and dysfunction by regulating lipid metabolism,improving intestinal barrier function,and shaping the gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolic profiles.Dietary MAG supplementation downregulated the expression of lipid synthesis genes and upregulated the expression of lipid transport genes at varying degrees.The intestinal barrier function was improved by 200and 400 mg/kg of MAG supplementation,as evidenced by the increased villus height and mRNA expression of tight junction related genes.Microbiological profile information revealed that MAG changed the gut microbiota,especially by elevating the abundances of Lactobacillus,Faecallbacterium,and Butyricicoccus.Moreover,non-targeted metabolomic analysis showed that MAG significantly promoted tryptophan metabolites,which was positively correlated with the MAG-enriched gut microbiota.The increased tryptophan metabolites could activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)and relieved hepatic inflammation and immune response evidenced by the downregulated the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and inte rleukin-6(IL-6)in the liver.The fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)experiments further con firmed that the hepatoprotective effect is likely mediated by MAG-altered gut microbiota and their metabolites.Conclusions Magnolol can be an outstanding supplement for the prevention and mitigation of FLHS in laying hens by positively regulating lipid synthesis and transport metabolism,improving the intestinal barrier function,and relieving hepatic nmation by reshaping the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles through gut microbiota-indole metabolite-hepatic AhR crosstalk.These findings elucidate the mechanisms by which MAG alleviates FLHS and provide a promising method for preventing liver diseases by modulating gut microbiota and their metabolites.
基金supported financially by theCollaborative Extension Program for Advancements in Agricultural Technologies of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2023ZDXT15)the Public Welfare and Applied Research Project of Huzhou Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.2024GZ39).
文摘Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide(HEP)is widely regarded as a potential food additive because of its rich nutritional value.This study aimed to explore the effect of HEP on the eggshell quality of aged laying hens and to reveal the mechanisms with particular emphasis on the alterations of uterine microbiota and health.A total of 360 Jingbai laying hens at 58 weeks old were randomly allocated into 4 groups,with 6 replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate.The hens were fed basal diets supplemented with 0,250,500,or 750 mg/kg HEP for 8 weeks.The results showed that HEP supplementation enhanced eggshell quality by improving the eggshell ultrastructure,as evidenced by increased eggshell thickness and strength(P<0.05).HEP decreased the abundance of Enterobacterales,Yersiniaceae,and Rahnella and increased the abundance of Actinobacteria in the uterus(P<0.05).HEP inhibited the activation of the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway and decreased(P<0.05)the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α).HEP promoted cell proliferation,as evidenced by the increased(P<0.05)expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and Proliferation Ki-67(Ki67),and reduced necrotic apoptosis by downregulating(P<0.05)the mRNA expression of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3(Caspase-3)and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 9(Caspase-9).HEP restored the physiological function of the uterus and improved eggshell biomineralization as evidenced by the increased mRNA levels of ATPase plasma membrane Ca^(2+)transporting 1(ATP2B1),ATPase plasma membrane Ca^(2+)transporting 2(ATP2B2),and solute carrier family 26 member 9(SLC26A9)and decreased ovotransferrin(OVOT)expression(P<0.05).These findings suggest that dietary HEP supplementation can improve the functional integrity of the uterus and modulate uterine microbiota.The enhanced functional integrity of the uterus facilitates the regulation of the expression of proteins involved in eggshell biomineralization,thereby ultimately improving eggshell quality through the modulation of eggshell ultrastructure.
