Chinese chestnut is an important economic forest tree species with enormous application value in the wood,medical,and chemical industries.Currently,the limited genome-wide SSR molecular marker information on chestnut ...Chinese chestnut is an important economic forest tree species with enormous application value in the wood,medical,and chemical industries.Currently,the limited genome-wide SSR molecular marker information on chestnut resources significantly restricts research on the genetic diversity and identification of chestnut resources.To address this issue,we used GMATA to screen simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers throughout the Chinese chestnut genome.A total of 312,302 molecular markers were obtained with a density of 434.38 Mb-1.Subsequently,all SSR markers were examined for polymorphism using the Hip STR program and 138,208 polymorphic loci were ultimately obtained.To verify the capability of the developed SSR for identification,we randomly selected 36 markers on 12 chromosomes to construct fingerprint maps of 96 ancient Chinese chestnut resources from the Yanshan Mountains.The results showed that only six pairs of primers were required to create a unique DNA fingerprint of the tested ancient trees,showing that the developed markers have good potential for identification.We then evaluated the inter-specific universality and polymorphism of these markers using 91 Castanea plants of three different species.The molecular markers amplified 94%of the interspecies with a polymorphic information content(PIC)value of 0.859.Cluster analysis revealed that the resources can be well differentiated using these developed markers,and these markers can be widely used to identify interspecific boundaries.The results of this study proved that the developed molecular markers have the potential for assessing genotypic diversity,which can provide references for genetic diversity research,variety identification,kinship analysis,the selection of good products,and the construction of core germplasm resources of chestnut and even chestnut plants.Also these markers provide a solid foundation for the molecular design of hybrids,improved breeding and development of germplasm resources.展开更多
The lacunar-canalicular system(LCS)is acknowledged to directly participate in bone tissue remodeling.The fluid flow in the LCS is synergic driven by the pressure gradient and electric field loads due to the electro-me...The lacunar-canalicular system(LCS)is acknowledged to directly participate in bone tissue remodeling.The fluid flow in the LCS is synergic driven by the pressure gradient and electric field loads due to the electro-mechanical properties of bone.In this paper,an idealized annulus Maxwell fluid flow model in bone canaliculus is established,and the analytical solutions of the fluid velocity,the fluid shear stress,and the fluid flow rate are obtained.The results of the fluid flow under pressure gradient driven(PGD),electric field driven(EFD),and pressure-electricity synergic driven(P-ESD)patterns are compared and discussed.The effects of the diameter of canaliculi and osteocyte processes are evaluated.The results show that the P-ESD pattern can combine the regulatory advantages of single PGD and EFD patterns,and the osteocyte process surface can feel a relatively uniform shear stress distribution.As the bone canalicular inner radius increases,the produced shear stress under the PGD or P-ESD pattern increases slightly but changes little under the EFD pattern.The increase in the viscosity makes the flow slow down but does not affect the fluid shear stress(FSS)on the canalicular inner wall and osteocyte process surface.The increase in the high-valent ions does not affect the flow velocity and the flow rate,but the FSS on the canalicular inner wall and osteocyte process surface increases linearly.In this study,the results show that the shear stress sensed by the osteocyte process under the P-ESD pattern can be regulated by changing the pressure gradient and the intensity of electric field,as well as the parameters of the annulus fluid and the canaliculus size,which is helpful for the osteocyte mechanical responses.The established model provides a basis for the study of the mechanisms of electro-mechanical signals stimulating bone tissue(cells)growth.展开更多
Mechanosensors are the most important organelles for osteocytes to perceive the changes of surrounding mechanical environment.To evaluate the biomechanical effectiveness of collagen hillock,cell process and primary...Mechanosensors are the most important organelles for osteocytes to perceive the changes of surrounding mechanical environment.To evaluate the biomechanical effectiveness of collagen hillock,cell process and primary·cilium in lacunar-canalicular system(LCS),we developed pressure-electricity-structure interaction models by using the COMSOL Multiphysics software to characterize the deformation of collagen hillocks-and primary cilium-based mechanosensors in osteocyte under fluid flow and electric field stimulation.And mechanical signals(pore pressure,fluid velocity,stress,deformation)were analyzed in LCS.The effects of changes in the elastic modulus of collagen hillocks,the number and location of cell processes,the length and location of primary cilia on the mechanosensitivity and the overall poroelastic responses of osteocytes were studied.These models predict that the presence of primary cilium and collagen hillocks resulted in significant stress amplifications(one and two orders of magnitude larger than osteocyte body)on the osteocyte.The growth of cell process along the long axis could stimulate osteocyte to a higher level than along the short axis.The Mises stress of the basal body of primary cilia near the top of osteocyte is 8 Pa greater than that near the bottom.However,the presence of collagen hillocks and primary cilium does not affect the mechanical signal of the whole osteocyte body.The established model can be used for studying the mechanism of bone mechanotransduction at the multiscale level.展开更多
In order to quantify the poroelastic mechanical signals conduction and evaluate the biomechanical effectiveness of functional units(osteocyte processes,canaliculi and lacuna)in lacunar-canalicular system(LCS),a multis...In order to quantify the poroelastic mechanical signals conduction and evaluate the biomechanical effectiveness of functional units(osteocyte processes,canaliculi and lacuna)in lacunar-canalicular system(LCS),a multiscale poroelastic finite element model was established by using the Comsol Multiphysics software.The poroelastic mechanical signals(pore pressure,fluid velocity,von-Mises stress,strain)were analyzed inside the osteon-osteocyte system.The effects of osteocyte(OCY)’s shape(ellipse and circle),long axis directions(horizontal and vertical)and mechanical properties(Elastic modulus and permeability)on its poroelastic responses were examined.It is found that the OCY processes is the best mechanosensor compared with the OCY body,lacunae and canaliculi.The mechanotransduction ability of the elliptic shaped OCY is stronger than that of circular shaped.The pore pressure and flow velocity around OCYs increase as the elastic modulus and permeability of OCY increase.The established model can be used for studying the mechanism of bone mechanotransduction at the multiscale level.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2024YFD2200602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32471917)。
文摘Chinese chestnut is an important economic forest tree species with enormous application value in the wood,medical,and chemical industries.Currently,the limited genome-wide SSR molecular marker information on chestnut resources significantly restricts research on the genetic diversity and identification of chestnut resources.To address this issue,we used GMATA to screen simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers throughout the Chinese chestnut genome.A total of 312,302 molecular markers were obtained with a density of 434.38 Mb-1.Subsequently,all SSR markers were examined for polymorphism using the Hip STR program and 138,208 polymorphic loci were ultimately obtained.To verify the capability of the developed SSR for identification,we randomly selected 36 markers on 12 chromosomes to construct fingerprint maps of 96 ancient Chinese chestnut resources from the Yanshan Mountains.The results showed that only six pairs of primers were required to create a unique DNA fingerprint of the tested ancient trees,showing that the developed markers have good potential for identification.We then evaluated the inter-specific universality and polymorphism of these markers using 91 Castanea plants of three different species.The molecular markers amplified 94%of the interspecies with a polymorphic information content(PIC)value of 0.859.Cluster analysis revealed that the resources can be well differentiated using these developed markers,and these markers can be widely used to identify interspecific boundaries.The results of this study proved that the developed molecular markers have the potential for assessing genotypic diversity,which can provide references for genetic diversity research,variety identification,kinship analysis,the selection of good products,and the construction of core germplasm resources of chestnut and even chestnut plants.Also these markers provide a solid foundation for the molecular design of hybrids,improved breeding and development of germplasm resources.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11972242 and 11632013)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M680913)。
文摘The lacunar-canalicular system(LCS)is acknowledged to directly participate in bone tissue remodeling.The fluid flow in the LCS is synergic driven by the pressure gradient and electric field loads due to the electro-mechanical properties of bone.In this paper,an idealized annulus Maxwell fluid flow model in bone canaliculus is established,and the analytical solutions of the fluid velocity,the fluid shear stress,and the fluid flow rate are obtained.The results of the fluid flow under pressure gradient driven(PGD),electric field driven(EFD),and pressure-electricity synergic driven(P-ESD)patterns are compared and discussed.The effects of the diameter of canaliculi and osteocyte processes are evaluated.The results show that the P-ESD pattern can combine the regulatory advantages of single PGD and EFD patterns,and the osteocyte process surface can feel a relatively uniform shear stress distribution.As the bone canalicular inner radius increases,the produced shear stress under the PGD or P-ESD pattern increases slightly but changes little under the EFD pattern.The increase in the viscosity makes the flow slow down but does not affect the fluid shear stress(FSS)on the canalicular inner wall and osteocyte process surface.The increase in the high-valent ions does not affect the flow velocity and the flow rate,but the FSS on the canalicular inner wall and osteocyte process surface increases linearly.In this study,the results show that the shear stress sensed by the osteocyte process under the P-ESD pattern can be regulated by changing the pressure gradient and the intensity of electric field,as well as the parameters of the annulus fluid and the canaliculus size,which is helpful for the osteocyte mechanical responses.The established model provides a basis for the study of the mechanisms of electro-mechanical signals stimulating bone tissue(cells)growth.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11972242,11632013,11702183)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2020M680913).
文摘Mechanosensors are the most important organelles for osteocytes to perceive the changes of surrounding mechanical environment.To evaluate the biomechanical effectiveness of collagen hillock,cell process and primary·cilium in lacunar-canalicular system(LCS),we developed pressure-electricity-structure interaction models by using the COMSOL Multiphysics software to characterize the deformation of collagen hillocks-and primary cilium-based mechanosensors in osteocyte under fluid flow and electric field stimulation.And mechanical signals(pore pressure,fluid velocity,stress,deformation)were analyzed in LCS.The effects of changes in the elastic modulus of collagen hillocks,the number and location of cell processes,the length and location of primary cilia on the mechanosensitivity and the overall poroelastic responses of osteocytes were studied.These models predict that the presence of primary cilium and collagen hillocks resulted in significant stress amplifications(one and two orders of magnitude larger than osteocyte body)on the osteocyte.The growth of cell process along the long axis could stimulate osteocyte to a higher level than along the short axis.The Mises stress of the basal body of primary cilia near the top of osteocyte is 8 Pa greater than that near the bottom.However,the presence of collagen hillocks and primary cilium does not affect the mechanical signal of the whole osteocyte body.The established model can be used for studying the mechanism of bone mechanotransduction at the multiscale level.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 11972242,11702183,11632013,and 11572213)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Colleges and Universities in Shanxi Province(Grant 2017135)Philosophy and Social Sciences Research of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi(Grant 2017313).
文摘In order to quantify the poroelastic mechanical signals conduction and evaluate the biomechanical effectiveness of functional units(osteocyte processes,canaliculi and lacuna)in lacunar-canalicular system(LCS),a multiscale poroelastic finite element model was established by using the Comsol Multiphysics software.The poroelastic mechanical signals(pore pressure,fluid velocity,von-Mises stress,strain)were analyzed inside the osteon-osteocyte system.The effects of osteocyte(OCY)’s shape(ellipse and circle),long axis directions(horizontal and vertical)and mechanical properties(Elastic modulus and permeability)on its poroelastic responses were examined.It is found that the OCY processes is the best mechanosensor compared with the OCY body,lacunae and canaliculi.The mechanotransduction ability of the elliptic shaped OCY is stronger than that of circular shaped.The pore pressure and flow velocity around OCYs increase as the elastic modulus and permeability of OCY increase.The established model can be used for studying the mechanism of bone mechanotransduction at the multiscale level.
