Zeolite imidazole frameworks(ZIFs),a class of the metal organic framework,have been extensively studied in environmental applications.However,their environmental fate and potential ecological impact on plants remain u...Zeolite imidazole frameworks(ZIFs),a class of the metal organic framework,have been extensively studied in environmental applications.However,their environmental fate and potential ecological impact on plants remain unknown.Here,we investigated the phytotoxicity,transformation,and bioaccumulation processes of two typical ZIFs(ZIF-8 and ZIF-67)in rice(Oryza sativa L.)under hydroponic conditions.ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 in the concentration of 50 mg/L decreased root and shoot dry weight maximally by 55.2%and 27.5%,53.5%and 37.5%,respectively.The scanning electron microscopy(SEM)imaging combined with X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns revealed that ZIFs on the root surface gradually collapsed and transformed into nanosheets with increasing cultivation time.The fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)labeled ZIFs were applied to trace the uptake and translocation of ZIFs in rice.The results demonstrated that the transformed ZIFs were mainly distributed in the intercellular spaces of rice root,while they cannot be transported to culms and leaves.Even so,the Co and Zn contents of rice roots and shoots in the ZIFs treated groups were increased by 1145%and 1259%,145%and 259%,respectively,compared with the control groups.These findings suggested that the phytotoxicity of ZIFs are primarily attributed to the transformed ZIFs and to a less extent,the metal ions and their ligands,and they were internalized by rice root and increased the Co and Zn contents of shoots.This study reported the transformation of ZIFs and their biological effectiveness in rice,highlighting the potential environmental hazards and risks of ZIFs to crop plants.展开更多
The escalating global plastic pollution necessitates urgent investigation into the distribution and accumulation pathways of nanoplastics(NPs)in crops to assess their threats to food security.Here,we reveal that plant...The escalating global plastic pollution necessitates urgent investigation into the distribution and accumulation pathways of nanoplastics(NPs)in crops to assess their threats to food security.Here,we reveal that plant cell walls serve as a charge-selective barrier governing the differential uptake of polystyrene(PS)NPs with distinct surface charges(PS-COOH NPs and PS-NH_(2) NPs)in rice.Quantitative tracking showed that PS-COOH NPs accumulated 1.84and 4.43-fold more in roots and shoots,respectively,than PS-NH 2,with>92% of both NPs restricted to roots.Crucially,root cell walls selectively retained NPs based on charge:PS-NH_(2) NPs accumulated 1.91-2.45-fold more than PS-COOH NPs within walls,primarily through binding to pectin(74.04%-87.28% sequestration).Furthermore,NPs induced cell wall remodeling,including pectin enrichment,hemicellulose I deposition,thereby reinforcing charge-selective retention and differential uptake.These findings reveal an adaptive mechanism of plant cell walls under NPs stress and provide mechanistic insights into charge-dependent NPs accumulation pathways in edible crops.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.30800705 and 31101599)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang(Nos.LY15C150004 and LY18C150007)the Key Research and Devel opment Projects of Social Development of Jinhua Science and Technology Program(No.2021C22750).
文摘Zeolite imidazole frameworks(ZIFs),a class of the metal organic framework,have been extensively studied in environmental applications.However,their environmental fate and potential ecological impact on plants remain unknown.Here,we investigated the phytotoxicity,transformation,and bioaccumulation processes of two typical ZIFs(ZIF-8 and ZIF-67)in rice(Oryza sativa L.)under hydroponic conditions.ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 in the concentration of 50 mg/L decreased root and shoot dry weight maximally by 55.2%and 27.5%,53.5%and 37.5%,respectively.The scanning electron microscopy(SEM)imaging combined with X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns revealed that ZIFs on the root surface gradually collapsed and transformed into nanosheets with increasing cultivation time.The fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)labeled ZIFs were applied to trace the uptake and translocation of ZIFs in rice.The results demonstrated that the transformed ZIFs were mainly distributed in the intercellular spaces of rice root,while they cannot be transported to culms and leaves.Even so,the Co and Zn contents of rice roots and shoots in the ZIFs treated groups were increased by 1145%and 1259%,145%and 259%,respectively,compared with the control groups.These findings suggested that the phytotoxicity of ZIFs are primarily attributed to the transformed ZIFs and to a less extent,the metal ions and their ligands,and they were internalized by rice root and increased the Co and Zn contents of shoots.This study reported the transformation of ZIFs and their biological effectiveness in rice,highlighting the potential environmental hazards and risks of ZIFs to crop plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20620)the Guizhou Provincial Major Scientific and Technological Program([2024]013)+1 种基金the Guizhou Provincial Foundation for Excellent Scholars Program(GCC[2023]046)the Youth Cross Team Project of CAS(JCTD-2021-17).
文摘The escalating global plastic pollution necessitates urgent investigation into the distribution and accumulation pathways of nanoplastics(NPs)in crops to assess their threats to food security.Here,we reveal that plant cell walls serve as a charge-selective barrier governing the differential uptake of polystyrene(PS)NPs with distinct surface charges(PS-COOH NPs and PS-NH_(2) NPs)in rice.Quantitative tracking showed that PS-COOH NPs accumulated 1.84and 4.43-fold more in roots and shoots,respectively,than PS-NH 2,with>92% of both NPs restricted to roots.Crucially,root cell walls selectively retained NPs based on charge:PS-NH_(2) NPs accumulated 1.91-2.45-fold more than PS-COOH NPs within walls,primarily through binding to pectin(74.04%-87.28% sequestration).Furthermore,NPs induced cell wall remodeling,including pectin enrichment,hemicellulose I deposition,thereby reinforcing charge-selective retention and differential uptake.These findings reveal an adaptive mechanism of plant cell walls under NPs stress and provide mechanistic insights into charge-dependent NPs accumulation pathways in edible crops.
