The rapid development of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors over the past decade has led to numerous advances in quantum information technology. The record for the best system detection efficiency at an ...The rapid development of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors over the past decade has led to numerous advances in quantum information technology. The record for the best system detection efficiency at an incident photon wavelength of 1550 nm is 93%. This performance was attained from a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector made of amorphous WSi; such detectors are usually operated at sub-Kelvin temperatures. In this study, we first demonstrate superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors made of polycrystalline NbN with system detection efficiency of 90.2% for 1550-nm-wavelength photons at2.1 K, accessible with a compact cryocooler. The system detection efficiency saturated at 92.1% when the temperature was lowered to 1.8 K. We expect the results lighten the practical and high performance superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors to quantum information and other high-end applications.展开更多
Rapid detection and discrimination of single photons are pivotal in various applications,such as deep-space laser communication,high-rate quantum key distribution,and optical quantum computation.However,conventional s...Rapid detection and discrimination of single photons are pivotal in various applications,such as deep-space laser communication,high-rate quantum key distribution,and optical quantum computation.However,conventional single-photon detectors(SPDs),including semiconducting and recently developed superconducting detectors,have limited detection speed and photon number resolution(PNR),which pose significant challenges in practical applications.In this paper,we present an efficient,fast SPD with good PNR,which has 64 paralleled,sandwiched superconducting nanowires fabricated on a distributed Bragg reflector.The detector is operated in a compact Gifford–McMahon cryocooler that supports 64 electrical channels and has a minimum working temperature of 2.3 K.The combined detector system shows a functional nanowire yield of 61/64,a system detection efficiency of 90%at 1550 nm,and a maximum count rate of 5.2 GHz.Additionally,it has a maximum PNR of 61,corresponding to the operating nanowires.This SPD signifies a substantial improvement in quantum detector technology,with potential applications in deep-space laser communication,high-speed quantum communication,and fundamental quantum optics experiments.展开更多
We report a superconducting nanowire single‐photon detector(SNSPD)array aiming for a near‐infrared 1550‐nm wavelength that consists of 32×32 nanowire pixels and an area of 0.96 mm×0.96 mm.Unlike most repo...We report a superconducting nanowire single‐photon detector(SNSPD)array aiming for a near‐infrared 1550‐nm wavelength that consists of 32×32 nanowire pixels and an area of 0.96 mm×0.96 mm.Unlike most reported large‐scale SNSPD arrays with amorphous films,NbN superconducting nanowires are employed in our array,which allows the detector operation at 2.3 K provided by a compact two‐stage Gifford–McMahon cryocooler.Thermally coupled row–column multiplexing is employed in our arrays to avoid current redistribution and loss of electrical signal occurring in the electrically coupled row–column architecture.The fabricated detector array shows a pixel yield of 94%and maximal intrinsic efficiencies of 77%and 96%at 1550 nm and 405 nm,respectively.The timing jitter and the thermal coupling probability are also investigated.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0304000)Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB04010200)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91121022,61401441,and61401443)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.16JC1400402)
文摘The rapid development of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors over the past decade has led to numerous advances in quantum information technology. The record for the best system detection efficiency at an incident photon wavelength of 1550 nm is 93%. This performance was attained from a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector made of amorphous WSi; such detectors are usually operated at sub-Kelvin temperatures. In this study, we first demonstrate superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors made of polycrystalline NbN with system detection efficiency of 90.2% for 1550-nm-wavelength photons at2.1 K, accessible with a compact cryocooler. The system detection efficiency saturated at 92.1% when the temperature was lowered to 1.8 K. We expect the results lighten the practical and high performance superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors to quantum information and other high-end applications.
基金Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2023ZD0300100)Shanghai Sailing Program(21YF1455500,21YF1455700,22YF1456500)+2 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2020241,2021230)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2019SHZDZX01)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12033007,61827823,61971408).
文摘Rapid detection and discrimination of single photons are pivotal in various applications,such as deep-space laser communication,high-rate quantum key distribution,and optical quantum computation.However,conventional single-photon detectors(SPDs),including semiconducting and recently developed superconducting detectors,have limited detection speed and photon number resolution(PNR),which pose significant challenges in practical applications.In this paper,we present an efficient,fast SPD with good PNR,which has 64 paralleled,sandwiched superconducting nanowires fabricated on a distributed Bragg reflector.The detector is operated in a compact Gifford–McMahon cryocooler that supports 64 electrical channels and has a minimum working temperature of 2.3 K.The combined detector system shows a functional nanowire yield of 61/64,a system detection efficiency of 90%at 1550 nm,and a maximum count rate of 5.2 GHz.Additionally,it has a maximum PNR of 61,corresponding to the operating nanowires.This SPD signifies a substantial improvement in quantum detector technology,with potential applications in deep-space laser communication,high-speed quantum communication,and fundamental quantum optics experiments.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61971408,61827823,12033007)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2019SHZDZX01)+2 种基金Shanghai Rising‐Star Program(20QA1410900)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2020241)for their financial supportShanghai Sailing Program(Grants No.21YF1455700).
文摘We report a superconducting nanowire single‐photon detector(SNSPD)array aiming for a near‐infrared 1550‐nm wavelength that consists of 32×32 nanowire pixels and an area of 0.96 mm×0.96 mm.Unlike most reported large‐scale SNSPD arrays with amorphous films,NbN superconducting nanowires are employed in our array,which allows the detector operation at 2.3 K provided by a compact two‐stage Gifford–McMahon cryocooler.Thermally coupled row–column multiplexing is employed in our arrays to avoid current redistribution and loss of electrical signal occurring in the electrically coupled row–column architecture.The fabricated detector array shows a pixel yield of 94%and maximal intrinsic efficiencies of 77%and 96%at 1550 nm and 405 nm,respectively.The timing jitter and the thermal coupling probability are also investigated.
