Polymer binders possess significant potential in alleviating the volume expansion issues of silicon-based anodes,yet remain challenging due to insufficient interfacial interactions with individual components(Si,C,and ...Polymer binders possess significant potential in alleviating the volume expansion issues of silicon-based anodes,yet remain challenging due to insufficient interfacial interactions with individual components(Si,C,and Cu)of the anode.Herein,we report the synthesis of a stable three-dimensional network structure of the PAA-PEA(polyacrylic acid-polyether amines)polymer binder through intermolecular physicochemical dual cross-linking.By incorporating polar functional groups,the binder molecules not only form strong C-O-Si,N-Si,O=C-O-C,and O=C-O-Cu covalent bonds but also enhance non-covalent interactions with Si,C,and Cu,thereby improving adhesion between the binder and each interface of the anode.Furthermore,weak hydrogen bonds,acting as"sacrificial bonds",dissipate energy and disperse accumulated stress,improving the material flexibility.Due to the high mechanical stability of the framework,which combines both rigidity and flexibility and the coupling effect at the three interfaces,the movement and separation of electrode components are effectively restrained,significantly enhancing the cycling stability of silicon-graphite anodes.The PAA-PEA 2000 electrode exhibits a capacity retention of 78% after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g^(-1).This work provides insights into the mechanism of binders and guides the design of polymer binders for high-performance Si-based electrodes.展开更多
Foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV)has developed various strategies to antagonize the host innate immunity.FMDV Lpro and 3Cpro interfere with type I IFNs through different mechanisms.The structural protein VP3 of FMDV ...Foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV)has developed various strategies to antagonize the host innate immunity.FMDV Lpro and 3Cpro interfere with type I IFNs through different mechanisms.The structural protein VP3 of FMDV degrades Janus kinase 1 to suppress IFN-γsignaling transduction.Whether non-structural proteins of FMDV are involved in restraining type II IFN signaling pathways is unknown.In this study,it was shown that FMDV replication was resistant to IFN-γtreatment after the infection was established and FMDV inhibited type II IFN induced expression of IFN-γ-stimulated genes(ISGs).We also showed for the first time that FMDV non-structural protein 3C antagonized IFN-γ-stimulated JAK-STAT signaling pathway by blocking STAT1 nuclear translocation.3C^(pro)expression significantly reduced the ISGs transcript levels and palindromic gamma-activated sequences(GAS)promoter activity,without affecting the protein level,tyrosine phosphorylation,and homodimerization of STAT1.Finally,we provided evidence that 3C protease activity played an essential role in degrading KPNA1 and thus inhibited ISGs mRNA and GAS promoter activities.Our results reveal a novel mechanism by which an FMDV non-structural protein antagonizes host type II IFN signaling.展开更多
Due to our negligence,the original version of this article,published online on Mar 14,2023,contained some mistakes in several Figs.In Fig.2D,the positions of the bands for protein 3A and 3B were incorrectly shifted.Th...Due to our negligence,the original version of this article,published online on Mar 14,2023,contained some mistakes in several Figs.In Fig.2D,the positions of the bands for protein 3A and 3B were incorrectly shifted.This has been modified in corrected Fig.2 as shown below.展开更多
Background:N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A),the most prevalent mRNA modification in plants,plays a pivotal role in developmental processes and stress responses.Proteins from the alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase(...Background:N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A),the most prevalent mRNA modification in plants,plays a pivotal role in developmental processes and stress responses.Proteins from the alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase(AlkB)family are implicated in the demethylation of m^(6)A,and yet,the AlkB gene family remains poorly characterized in alfalfa.Methods:Bioinformatic analysis was systematically performed to identify and characterize the MsAlkB gene family at the whole-genome level in alfalfa.Functional validation of MsALKBH2 was subsequently conducted using Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transient transformation assays.Results:Twenty MsALKBH candidate genes were identified from the genome of autotetraploid alfalfa cultivar Xinjiang Daye.Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into four distinct groups,and promoter region analysis revealed numerous cis-regulatory elements associated with hormonal signaling and abiotic stress responses.With the exception of MsALKBH20,the remaining 19 MsALKBH genes were distributed across eight chromosomes.Gene duplication analyses indicated that segmental and tandem duplications were the primary drivers of the expansion of this gene family during evolution.Expression profiling of the 20 MsALKBH genes across various tissues and under salt,mannitol,and ABA treatments revealed differential expression patterns and stress-induced regulation.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that 12 MsALKBH genes were responsive to osmotic stress,with MsALKBH2 expression being notably suppressed under mannitol,salt,and ABA treatments.Overexpression of MsALKBH2 significantly reduced global m^(6)A levels in alfalfa,mitigating oxidative damage and enhancing drought tolerance.These findings establish MsALKBH2 as an m^(6)A demethylase that regulates drought tolerance in alfalfa.Conclusions:This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the MsAlkB gene family and functional characterization of MsALKBH2,offering critical insights into the potential application of this gene family for crop improvement,particularly in legume species.展开更多
Spleen tyrosine kinase(SYK)is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase,which plays an essential role in both innate and adaptive immunity.However,the key molecular mechanisms that regulate SYK activity are poorly understood.Her...Spleen tyrosine kinase(SYK)is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase,which plays an essential role in both innate and adaptive immunity.However,the key molecular mechanisms that regulate SYK activity are poorly understood.Here we identified the E3 ligase TRIM31 as a crucial regulator of SYK activation.We found that TRIM31 interacted with SYK and catalyzed K27-linked polyubiquitination at Lys375 and Lys517 of SYK.This K27-linked polyubiquitination of SYK promoted its plasma membrane translocation and binding with the C-type lectin receptors(CLRs).展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 21878299]。
文摘Polymer binders possess significant potential in alleviating the volume expansion issues of silicon-based anodes,yet remain challenging due to insufficient interfacial interactions with individual components(Si,C,and Cu)of the anode.Herein,we report the synthesis of a stable three-dimensional network structure of the PAA-PEA(polyacrylic acid-polyether amines)polymer binder through intermolecular physicochemical dual cross-linking.By incorporating polar functional groups,the binder molecules not only form strong C-O-Si,N-Si,O=C-O-C,and O=C-O-Cu covalent bonds but also enhance non-covalent interactions with Si,C,and Cu,thereby improving adhesion between the binder and each interface of the anode.Furthermore,weak hydrogen bonds,acting as"sacrificial bonds",dissipate energy and disperse accumulated stress,improving the material flexibility.Due to the high mechanical stability of the framework,which combines both rigidity and flexibility and the coupling effect at the three interfaces,the movement and separation of electrode components are effectively restrained,significantly enhancing the cycling stability of silicon-graphite anodes.The PAA-PEA 2000 electrode exhibits a capacity retention of 78% after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g^(-1).This work provides insights into the mechanism of binders and guides the design of polymer binders for high-performance Si-based electrodes.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1800300)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021ZD08,ZR2020KC005,ZR2021MC139,ZR2020QC196)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102710)the Agricultural Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2023A21,CXGC2021B03,CXGC2022A17).
文摘Foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV)has developed various strategies to antagonize the host innate immunity.FMDV Lpro and 3Cpro interfere with type I IFNs through different mechanisms.The structural protein VP3 of FMDV degrades Janus kinase 1 to suppress IFN-γsignaling transduction.Whether non-structural proteins of FMDV are involved in restraining type II IFN signaling pathways is unknown.In this study,it was shown that FMDV replication was resistant to IFN-γtreatment after the infection was established and FMDV inhibited type II IFN induced expression of IFN-γ-stimulated genes(ISGs).We also showed for the first time that FMDV non-structural protein 3C antagonized IFN-γ-stimulated JAK-STAT signaling pathway by blocking STAT1 nuclear translocation.3C^(pro)expression significantly reduced the ISGs transcript levels and palindromic gamma-activated sequences(GAS)promoter activity,without affecting the protein level,tyrosine phosphorylation,and homodimerization of STAT1.Finally,we provided evidence that 3C protease activity played an essential role in degrading KPNA1 and thus inhibited ISGs mRNA and GAS promoter activities.Our results reveal a novel mechanism by which an FMDV non-structural protein antagonizes host type II IFN signaling.
文摘Due to our negligence,the original version of this article,published online on Mar 14,2023,contained some mistakes in several Figs.In Fig.2D,the positions of the bands for protein 3A and 3B were incorrectly shifted.This has been modified in corrected Fig.2 as shown below.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:32441032,32271748Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:KJYQ2025014+3 种基金Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Major Projects,Grant/Award Number:23ZDNA009the earmarked fund for CARS,Grant/Award Number:CARS-34National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:32371365Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China,Grant/Award Number:BK20230101。
文摘Background:N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A),the most prevalent mRNA modification in plants,plays a pivotal role in developmental processes and stress responses.Proteins from the alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase(AlkB)family are implicated in the demethylation of m^(6)A,and yet,the AlkB gene family remains poorly characterized in alfalfa.Methods:Bioinformatic analysis was systematically performed to identify and characterize the MsAlkB gene family at the whole-genome level in alfalfa.Functional validation of MsALKBH2 was subsequently conducted using Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transient transformation assays.Results:Twenty MsALKBH candidate genes were identified from the genome of autotetraploid alfalfa cultivar Xinjiang Daye.Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into four distinct groups,and promoter region analysis revealed numerous cis-regulatory elements associated with hormonal signaling and abiotic stress responses.With the exception of MsALKBH20,the remaining 19 MsALKBH genes were distributed across eight chromosomes.Gene duplication analyses indicated that segmental and tandem duplications were the primary drivers of the expansion of this gene family during evolution.Expression profiling of the 20 MsALKBH genes across various tissues and under salt,mannitol,and ABA treatments revealed differential expression patterns and stress-induced regulation.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that 12 MsALKBH genes were responsive to osmotic stress,with MsALKBH2 expression being notably suppressed under mannitol,salt,and ABA treatments.Overexpression of MsALKBH2 significantly reduced global m^(6)A levels in alfalfa,mitigating oxidative damage and enhancing drought tolerance.These findings establish MsALKBH2 as an m^(6)A demethylase that regulates drought tolerance in alfalfa.Conclusions:This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the MsAlkB gene family and functional characterization of MsALKBH2,offering critical insights into the potential application of this gene family for crop improvement,particularly in legume species.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81930039,31730026,81525012)the Key Research and Development Projects of Shandong Province(2019GSF108133).
文摘Spleen tyrosine kinase(SYK)is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase,which plays an essential role in both innate and adaptive immunity.However,the key molecular mechanisms that regulate SYK activity are poorly understood.Here we identified the E3 ligase TRIM31 as a crucial regulator of SYK activation.We found that TRIM31 interacted with SYK and catalyzed K27-linked polyubiquitination at Lys375 and Lys517 of SYK.This K27-linked polyubiquitination of SYK promoted its plasma membrane translocation and binding with the C-type lectin receptors(CLRs).
