Organic electrochemical transistors have emerged as a solution for artificial synapses that mimic the neural functions of the brain structure,holding great potentials to break the bottleneck of von Neumann architectur...Organic electrochemical transistors have emerged as a solution for artificial synapses that mimic the neural functions of the brain structure,holding great potentials to break the bottleneck of von Neumann architectures.However,current artificial synapses rely primarily on electrical signals,and little attention has been paid to the vital role of neurotransmitter-mediated artificial synapses.Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter associated with emotion regulation and cognitive processes that needs to be monitored in real time to advance the development of disease diagnostics and neuroscience.To provide insights into the development of artificial synapses with neurotransmitter involvement,this review proposes three steps towards future biomimic and bioinspired neuromorphic systems.We first summarize OECT-based dopamine detection devices,and then review advances in neurotransmitter-mediated artificial synapses and resultant advanced neuromorphic systems.Finally,by exploring the challenges and opportunities related to such neuromorphic systems,we provide a perspective on the future development of biomimetic and bioinspired neuromorphic systems.展开更多
Image classifiers that based on Deep Neural Networks(DNNs)have been proved to be easily fooled by well-designed perturbations.Previous defense methods have the limitations of requiring expensive computation or reducin...Image classifiers that based on Deep Neural Networks(DNNs)have been proved to be easily fooled by well-designed perturbations.Previous defense methods have the limitations of requiring expensive computation or reducing the accuracy of the image classifiers.In this paper,we propose a novel defense method which based on perceptual hash.Our main goal is to destroy the process of perturbations generation by comparing the similarities of images thus achieve the purpose of defense.To verify our idea,we defended against two main attack methods(a white-box attack and a black-box attack)in different DNN-based image classifiers and show that,after using our defense method,the attack-success-rate for all DNN-based image classifiers decreases significantly.More specifically,for the white-box attack,the attack-success-rate is reduced by an average of 36.3%.For the black-box attack,the average attack-success-rate of targeted attack and non-targeted attack has been reduced by 72.8%and 76.7%respectively.The proposed method is a simple and effective defense method and provides a new way to defend against adversarial samples.展开更多
Chlorpyrifos is a pesticide widely used in agricultural production with a relatively long residual half-life in soil.Addressing the problem of residual chlorpyrifos is of universal concern.In this study,rice hull bioc...Chlorpyrifos is a pesticide widely used in agricultural production with a relatively long residual half-life in soil.Addressing the problem of residual chlorpyrifos is of universal concern.In this study,rice hull biochar was used as an immobilized carrier to prepare the immobilized strain H27 for the remediation of chlorpyrifos-contamination soil.Soil microorganisms after remediation were investigated by ecotoxicological methods.The immobilized strain H27 had the highest removal rate of chlorpyrifos when 10%bacterial solution was added to the liquid medium containing 0.075-0.109 mm diameter biochar cultured for 22 hr.This study on the removal of chlorpyrifos by immobilized strain H27 showed that the initial concentration of chlorpyrifos in solution was 25mg/L,and the removal rate reached 97.4%after 7 days of culture.In the soil,the removal rate of the immobilized bacteria group increased throughout the experiment,which was significantly higher than that of the free bacteria and biochar treatment groups.The Biolog-ECO test,T-RFLP and RT-RCR were used to study the effects of the soil microbial community and nitrogen cycling functional genes during chlorpyrifos degradation.It was found that ICP group had the highest diversity index among the four treatment groups.The microflora of segment containing 114 bp was the dominant bacterial community,and the dominant microflora of the immobilized bacteria group was more evenly distributed.The influence of each treatment group on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)was greater than on ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA).This study offers a sound scientific basis for the practical application of immobilized bacteria to reduce residual soil pesticides.展开更多
The preparation of environmentally friendly oil/water separation materials remains a great challenge.Freeze-drying of wood after lignin removal yields wood aerogels,which can be used as substrates to prepare fluorine-...The preparation of environmentally friendly oil/water separation materials remains a great challenge.Freeze-drying of wood after lignin removal yields wood aerogels,which can be used as substrates to prepare fluorine-free environmentally friendly superhydrophobic materials,However,they are more suitable for absorption rather than filtration applications due to their poor strength.A study using cross-sections of pristine wood chips as substrates retains the original strength of wood,but the use of the cross-sectional of wood pieces limits their thickness,strength,and size.In this paper,a degradable fluorine-free superhydrophobic film(max.water contact angle of approximately 164.2°)with self-cleaning and abrasion resistance characteristics was prepared by a one-step method using pristine and activated walnut longitudinal section films as the substrate,with tetraethyl orthosilicate as a precursor and dodecyltriethoxysilane as a modifier.The tensile strength results show that superhydrophobic films with pristine or activated wood substrates maintained the strength of pristine wood and were 2.2 times stronger than the wood aerogel substrate.In addition,after cross-laminating the two samples,the films had the ability to separate oil and water by continuous filtration with high efficiency(98.5%)and flux(approximately 1.3×10^(3)L∙m^(‒2)∙h^(‒1)).The method has potential for the large-scale fabrication of degradable superhydrophobic filtration separation membranes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62074163)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.JQ24030).
文摘Organic electrochemical transistors have emerged as a solution for artificial synapses that mimic the neural functions of the brain structure,holding great potentials to break the bottleneck of von Neumann architectures.However,current artificial synapses rely primarily on electrical signals,and little attention has been paid to the vital role of neurotransmitter-mediated artificial synapses.Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter associated with emotion regulation and cognitive processes that needs to be monitored in real time to advance the development of disease diagnostics and neuroscience.To provide insights into the development of artificial synapses with neurotransmitter involvement,this review proposes three steps towards future biomimic and bioinspired neuromorphic systems.We first summarize OECT-based dopamine detection devices,and then review advances in neurotransmitter-mediated artificial synapses and resultant advanced neuromorphic systems.Finally,by exploring the challenges and opportunities related to such neuromorphic systems,we provide a perspective on the future development of biomimetic and bioinspired neuromorphic systems.
基金The work is supported by the National Key Research Development Program of China(2016QY01W0200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China NSFC(U1636101,U1736211,U1636219).
文摘Image classifiers that based on Deep Neural Networks(DNNs)have been proved to be easily fooled by well-designed perturbations.Previous defense methods have the limitations of requiring expensive computation or reducing the accuracy of the image classifiers.In this paper,we propose a novel defense method which based on perceptual hash.Our main goal is to destroy the process of perturbations generation by comparing the similarities of images thus achieve the purpose of defense.To verify our idea,we defended against two main attack methods(a white-box attack and a black-box attack)in different DNN-based image classifiers and show that,after using our defense method,the attack-success-rate for all DNN-based image classifiers decreases significantly.More specifically,for the white-box attack,the attack-success-rate is reduced by an average of 36.3%.For the black-box attack,the average attack-success-rate of targeted attack and non-targeted attack has been reduced by 72.8%and 76.7%respectively.The proposed method is a simple and effective defense method and provides a new way to defend against adversarial samples.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42277039 and 42207026)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2022QD098)the Special Funds of Taishan Scholar of Shandong Province,China.
文摘Chlorpyrifos is a pesticide widely used in agricultural production with a relatively long residual half-life in soil.Addressing the problem of residual chlorpyrifos is of universal concern.In this study,rice hull biochar was used as an immobilized carrier to prepare the immobilized strain H27 for the remediation of chlorpyrifos-contamination soil.Soil microorganisms after remediation were investigated by ecotoxicological methods.The immobilized strain H27 had the highest removal rate of chlorpyrifos when 10%bacterial solution was added to the liquid medium containing 0.075-0.109 mm diameter biochar cultured for 22 hr.This study on the removal of chlorpyrifos by immobilized strain H27 showed that the initial concentration of chlorpyrifos in solution was 25mg/L,and the removal rate reached 97.4%after 7 days of culture.In the soil,the removal rate of the immobilized bacteria group increased throughout the experiment,which was significantly higher than that of the free bacteria and biochar treatment groups.The Biolog-ECO test,T-RFLP and RT-RCR were used to study the effects of the soil microbial community and nitrogen cycling functional genes during chlorpyrifos degradation.It was found that ICP group had the highest diversity index among the four treatment groups.The microflora of segment containing 114 bp was the dominant bacterial community,and the dominant microflora of the immobilized bacteria group was more evenly distributed.The influence of each treatment group on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)was greater than on ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA).This study offers a sound scientific basis for the practical application of immobilized bacteria to reduce residual soil pesticides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51776070)the State Grid Science and Technology Program(Grant No.SGGNSW00YWJS2100024).
文摘The preparation of environmentally friendly oil/water separation materials remains a great challenge.Freeze-drying of wood after lignin removal yields wood aerogels,which can be used as substrates to prepare fluorine-free environmentally friendly superhydrophobic materials,However,they are more suitable for absorption rather than filtration applications due to their poor strength.A study using cross-sections of pristine wood chips as substrates retains the original strength of wood,but the use of the cross-sectional of wood pieces limits their thickness,strength,and size.In this paper,a degradable fluorine-free superhydrophobic film(max.water contact angle of approximately 164.2°)with self-cleaning and abrasion resistance characteristics was prepared by a one-step method using pristine and activated walnut longitudinal section films as the substrate,with tetraethyl orthosilicate as a precursor and dodecyltriethoxysilane as a modifier.The tensile strength results show that superhydrophobic films with pristine or activated wood substrates maintained the strength of pristine wood and were 2.2 times stronger than the wood aerogel substrate.In addition,after cross-laminating the two samples,the films had the ability to separate oil and water by continuous filtration with high efficiency(98.5%)and flux(approximately 1.3×10^(3)L∙m^(‒2)∙h^(‒1)).The method has potential for the large-scale fabrication of degradable superhydrophobic filtration separation membranes.
