The transcriptional cascade and regulatory loop play crucial roles in regulating plant-specialized metabolite biosynthesis.Capsaicinoids are unique to the genus Capsicum and confer a pungent flavor to its fruits.Howev...The transcriptional cascade and regulatory loop play crucial roles in regulating plant-specialized metabolite biosynthesis.Capsaicinoids are unique to the genus Capsicum and confer a pungent flavor to its fruits.However,the transcriptional regulation of capsaicinoid biosynthesis remains largely unknown.In this study,two AP2/ERF transcription factors(TFs),CaERF102 and CaERF111,were characterized for their role in the capsaicinoid biosynthesis process.Expression analysis of two ERFs and capsaicinoid biosynthetic genes(CBGs)suggested that they were associated with capsaicinoid biosynthesis.Both ERFs encode nuclear-localized proteins and function as transcriptional activators through their C-terminal activation motifs.The two ERF TFs participated in capsaicinoid biosynthesis by directly activating the promoters of key CBGs,and this activation was significantly enhanced when CaMYC2 was co-expressed.Moreover,CaERF102 and CaERF111 were found to interact with CaMYC2.This study helps elucidate the AP2/ERF TF regulatory network that governs capsaicinoid biosynthesis in Capsicum species.展开更多
The color difference of capsicum fruit is closely related to the type and content of pigment in the peel,which is mainly determined by anthocyanins,chlorophyll,and carotenoids.This study used green“CA59”and purple“...The color difference of capsicum fruit is closely related to the type and content of pigment in the peel,which is mainly determined by anthocyanins,chlorophyll,and carotenoids.This study used green“CA59”and purple“Z81”pepper fruits as parents to create the F2 generation.The fruit color of 466 F2 population was identified,and the extreme individuals from this population were selected for Bulked Segregant Analysis(BSA)using resequencing.Genetic analysis revealed that a pair of genes controls the expression of the purple fruit trait in capsicum.Using functional annotation,expression analysis,and sequencing analysis of candidate genes,it was determined that there were four genes in the region between InDel 67 and InDel 75(185,664,068 BP-186,514,350 bp)on chromosome 10,that is the linkage interval for pepper purple fruit.There are 7 SNPs in the CaMYB1 gene(Capann_59V1aChr10g016200)in the pepper variety“Z81”.Of these,4 SNPs are located in the gene’s coding region.These 4 SNPs lead to 2 mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence(synonymous mutations)and 2 mutations that do change the amino acid sequence(non-synonymous mutations).Additionally,the expression level of the CaMYB1 gene in the purple fruit of“Z81”is significantly higher than that in the green fruit of“CA59”.CaMYB1 is believed to be a crucial candidate gene in regulating anthocyanin production in purple capsicum fruit.A molecular marker,InDel 67,was successfully developed,with a total separation rate of 92.4%.展开更多
Plant biosynthesis involves numerous specialized metabolites with diverse chemical natures and biological activities.The biosynthesis of metabolites often exclusively occurs in response to tissue-specific combinatoria...Plant biosynthesis involves numerous specialized metabolites with diverse chemical natures and biological activities.The biosynthesis of metabolites often exclusively occurs in response to tissue-specific combinatorial developmental cues that are controlled at the transcriptional level.Capsaicinoids are a group of specialized metabolites that confer a pungent flavor to pepper fruits.Capsaicinoid biosynthesis occurs in the fruit placenta and combines its developmental cues.Although the capsaicinoid biosynthetic pathway has been largely characterized,the regulatory mechanisms that control capsaicinoid metabolism have not been fully elucidated.In this study,we combined fruit placenta transcriptome data with weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)to generate coexpression networks.A capsaicinoid-related gene module was identified in which the MYB transcription factor CaMYB48 plays a critical role in regulating capsaicinoid in pepper.Capsaicinoid biosynthetic gene(CBG)and CaMYB48 expression primarily occurs in the placenta and is consistent with capsaicinoid biosynthesis.CaMYB48 encodes a nucleus-localized protein that primarily functions as a transcriptional activator through its C-terminal activation motif.CaMYB48 regulates capsaicinoid biosynthesis by directly regulating the expression of CBGs,including AT3a and KasIa.Taken together,the results of this study indicate ways to generate robust networks optimized for the mining of CBG-related regulators,establishing a foundation for future research elucidating capsaicinoid regulation.展开更多
The eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)is rich in vitamin P(also known as rutin),which is beneficial for humans.In this study,the vitamin P contents of 53 eggplant lines were measured via UV spectrophotometry.The results s...The eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)is rich in vitamin P(also known as rutin),which is beneficial for humans.In this study,the vitamin P contents of 53 eggplant lines were measured via UV spectrophotometry.The results showed that the vitamin P content differed significantly among the eggplant lines and the actual contents of vitamin P in fresh fruit pulp and fresh peel were 0.18–0.82mg·g^−1 and 0.42–2.32mg·g^−1,respectively.Furthermore,themixed major gene and polygene inheritance modelmethod was used for the inheritance analysis of the vitamin P content in F2 populations of three hybridization combinations.Inheritance analysis demonstrated that the vitamin P content of these eggplant lines was a quantitative trait.One or two major genes were the contributor,and the genetic effect was an additive-dominance effect.The high vitamin P content trait was regulated by the main gene and followed an additive effect.The heritability of the major genes controlling the high vitamin P content was low,while the heritability of the major gene that controls the low vitamin P content trait was high.These results provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of eggplants with high vitamin P content.展开更多
To improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms of anther and/or pollen development in Chili pepper, in the present study, fulllength cDNA and DNA sequences of the pollen development-related gene CaMF5 were obtai...To improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms of anther and/or pollen development in Chili pepper, in the present study, fulllength cDNA and DNA sequences of the pollen development-related gene CaMF5 were obtained from the anthers of a Capsicum annuum nuclear male-fertile line. Sequence analysis indicated that the full length of CaMF5 was 747 bp, containing a maximum opening reading frame of 447 bp.Amino acid sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that CaMF5 shared approximately 37%–77% homology with a series of uncharacterized or hypothetical proteins and late embryogenesis abundant(LEA) proteins from other plants. However, no LEA structural domain was detected in CaMF5, which indicated that it might be a new type of LEA gene. CaMF5 was only expressed in flower buds at stages 7 and 8 and in open flowers of the male-fertile line, whereas it exhibited no expression in any examined organs of the male-sterile line. In addition, CaMF5 showed the highest transcript abundance in the anthers of the male-fertile line, with no expression being detected in any other examined organs, such as the sepals, petals, pistils, roots, stems, or leaves. Taken together, our results suggest that CaMF5 is an anther-specific gene that might encode a new type of LEA protein related to anther and/or pollen development in C. annuum.展开更多
Gibberellin(GA)plays a major role in controlling Brassica rapa stalk development.As an essential negative regulator of GA signal transduction,DELLA proteins may exert significant effects on stalk development.However,t...Gibberellin(GA)plays a major role in controlling Brassica rapa stalk development.As an essential negative regulator of GA signal transduction,DELLA proteins may exert significant effects on stalk development.However,the regulatory mechanisms underlying this regulation remain unclear.In this study,we report highly efficient and inheritable mutagenesis using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system in BraPDS(phytoene desaturase)and BraRGL1(key DELLA protein)genes.We observed a loss-of-function mutation in BraRGL1 due to two amino acids in GRAS domain.The flower bud differentiation and bolting time of BraRGL1 mutants were significantly advanced.The expression of GA-regulatory protein(BraGASA6),flowering related genes(BraSOC1,BraLFY),expansion protein(BraEXPA11)and xyloglucan endotransferase(BraXTH3)genes was also significantly upregulated in these mutants.BraRGL1-overexpressing plants displayed the contrasting phenotypes.BraRGL1 mutants were more sensitive to GA signaling.BraRGL1 interacted with BraSOC1,and the interaction intensity decreased after GA3 treatment.In addition,BraRGL1 inhibited the transcription-activation ability of BraSOC1 for BraXTH3 and BraLFY genes,but the presence of GA3 enhanced the activation ability of BraSOC1,suggesting that the BraRGL1-BraSOC1 module regulates bolting and flowering of B.rapa through GA signal transduction.Thus,we hypothesized that BraRGL1 is degraded,and BraSOC1 is released in the presence of GA3,which promotes the expression of BraXTH3 and BraLFY,thereby inducing stalk development in B.rapa.Further,the BraRGL1-M mutant promoted the flower bud differentiation without affecting the stalk quality.Thus,BraRGL1 can serve as a valuable target for the molecular breeding of early maturing varieties.展开更多
Facial and vocal expressions are essential modalities mediating the perception of emotion and social communication.Nonetheless,currently little is known about how emotion perception and its neural substrates differ ac...Facial and vocal expressions are essential modalities mediating the perception of emotion and social communication.Nonetheless,currently little is known about how emotion perception and its neural substrates differ across facial expression and vocal prosody.To clarify this issue,functional MRI scans were acquired in Study 1,in which participants were asked to discriminate the valence of emotional expression(angry,happy or neutral)from facial,vocal,or bimodal stimuli.In Study 2,we used an affective priming task(unimodal materials as primers and bimodal materials as target)and participants were asked to rate the intensity,valence,and arousal of the targets.Study 1 showed higher accuracy and shorter response latencies in the facial than in the vocal modality for a happy expression.Whole-brain analysis showed enhanced activation during facial compared to vocal emotions in the inferior temporal-occipital regions.Region of interest analysis showed a higher percentage signal change for facial than for vocal anger in the superior temporal sulcus.Study 2 showed that facial relative to vocal priming of anger had a greater influence on perceived emotion for bimodal targets,irrespective of the target valence.These findings suggest that facial expression is associated with enhanced emotion perception compared to equivalent vocal prosodies.展开更多
At the present stage,with the continuous development of social economy and science and technology,China's financial and securities industry has gradually developed.As an important part of China's socialist eco...At the present stage,with the continuous development of social economy and science and technology,China's financial and securities industry has gradually developed.As an important part of China's socialist economic market,including the financial and securities industry,therefore,to a certain extent,the development of the financial securities industry has promoted the prosperity and development of China's economy.In other words,strengthening the management of financial securities market regulation can promote the sustainable development of the securities industry,thereby promoting the rapid development of China's economy.This paper mainly discusses and expounds some problems existing in the current process of financial securities market regulation,and proposes solutions to it,hoping to be helpful to the financial securities industry.展开更多
With the increase in the permeability of renewable energy and the frequency of extreme weather,the power system requires a large amount of flexible power regulation capacity.In order to realize the multi-day cooperati...With the increase in the permeability of renewable energy and the frequency of extreme weather,the power system requires a large amount of flexible power regulation capacity.In order to realize the multi-day cooperation of reserve resources,the stochastic optimization of medium-and short-term reserve arrangement considering the typhoon uncertainty is studied in this paper.Firstly,the extreme scenario generation and reduction method considering the typhoon path-intensity prediction uncertainty is constructed.Then,considering the combined cost of preventive and emergency control for adequacy in multiple scenarios,the reserve arrangement optimization model in extreme weather is built.In this model,the pre-dispatching strategies for multiple types of reserve resources are proposed to maintain the medium-and short-term coordination.Finally,case studies on a simplified 24-node power system of Zhejiang province,China are presented based on the data of the typhoon Fireworks in July 2021,and the result shows that the proposed reserve arrangement optimization model can reduce the total cost of power systems and the risk of operation under the typhoon disaster.展开更多
Bitter receptors were initially identified within the gustatory system.In recent years,bitter receptors have been found in various non-gustatory tissues,including the cardiovascular system,where they participate in di...Bitter receptors were initially identified within the gustatory system.In recent years,bitter receptors have been found in various non-gustatory tissues,including the cardiovascular system,where they participate in diverse physiological processes.To investigate the electrophysiological and potential therapeutic implications of bitter receptors,we have developed a highly sensitive,multifunctional planar-electroporated cell biosensor(PECB)for high-throughput evaluation of the effects of bitter substances on cardiomyocytes.The PECB demonstrated the capability for highthroughput,stable,and reproducible detection of intracellular action potentials(IAPs).In comparison to conventional biosensors that utilize extracellular action potentials(EAPs)for data analysis,the IAPs recorded by the PECB provided high-resolution insights into action potentials,characterized by increased amplitudes and an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).The PECB successfully monitored IAPs induced by the activation of bitter receptors by using three bitter substances:diphenidol,denatonium benzoate,and arbutin in cardiomyocytes.To further assess the drug development ability of our PECB,we established an in vitro long QT syndrome(LQTS)model to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of arbutin.The results indicated that arbutin altered the electrophysiological properties of cardiomyocytes and significantly shortened the repolarization time in the LQTS model.Moreover,it demonstrated its potential mechanistic pathway by activating bitter receptors to modulate cardiac ion channel activities.The developed PECB provides an effective platform for high-throughput screening of substrates of bitter receptors for the treatment of heart disease,presenting new opportunities for the development of antiarrhythmic therapies.展开更多
100-GHz cross-cascaded arrayed waveguide gratings （AWGs）-based wavelength selective optical switching optical cross-connects （OXCs） modules with Mach-Zehnder interferometer （MZI） thermo-optic （TO） variable opt...100-GHz cross-cascaded arrayed waveguide gratings （AWGs）-based wavelength selective optical switching optical cross-connects （OXCs） modules with Mach-Zehnder interferometer （MZI） thermo-optic （TO） variable optical attenuator （VOA） arrays and optical true- time-delay （TTD） line arrays is successfully designed and fabricated using polymer photonic lightwave circuit. Highly fluorinated photopolymer and grafting modified organic-inorganic hybrid material were synthesized as the waveguide core and cladding, respectively. The one-chip transmission loss is -6 dB and the crosstalk is less than -30 dB for the transverse-magnetic （TM） mode. The actual maximum modulation depths of different thermo-optic switches are similar, -15.5 dB with 1.9 V bias. The maximum power consumption of a single switch is less than 10 mW. The delay time basic increments are measured from 140 to 20 ps. Proposed novel module is flexible and scalable for the dense wavelength division multiplexing network.展开更多
In this work,on-chip three-dimensional(3D)photonic integrated optical sources based on active fluorescent polymer waveguide microdisks are proposed for light display application.Fluorescent green and red oligomers wit...In this work,on-chip three-dimensional(3D)photonic integrated optical sources based on active fluorescent polymer waveguide microdisks are proposed for light display application.Fluorescent green and red oligomers with high-efficiency photoluminescence are doped into epoxy crosslinking SU-8 polymer as the waveguide gain medium.The microdisk-based on-chip optically pumping light sources are designed and fabricated using the organic functionalized materials by direct UV written process.The promising stacking dual-microdisk structures with double gain layers could provide white signal light source generated perpendicular to the chip,and green signal light source stimulated in the chip.The approach could realize the monolithically on-chip assembled vertical and horizontal bright emitters.The optical pumping threshold power is obtained as 50 mW with continuous-wave(CW)pumping.The average gain coefficient of a white light source is measured by vertical fiber coupling as 112 dB/W,and that of green light source by horizontal fiber coupling as 137 dB/W,respectively.The rising and falling response time of the on-chip optical sources are 60 and 80μs under modulating pulsed pumping.This technique is very promising for achieving 3D integrated light display application,including photonic circuits and optical information encryption.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32202502,U21A20230,32070331,32102380 and 32072580)National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2018YFD1000800)+3 种基金the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022B0202080001)the Special Fund for Seed Industry of Guangdong Province Rural Revitalization Strategy(Grant No.2022-NPY00-024)Tibet Autonomous Region of Lhasa City Science and Technology Project(Grant No.LSKJ202310)the Science and Technology Project of Bijie City(Grant No.BKK2022-3)。
文摘The transcriptional cascade and regulatory loop play crucial roles in regulating plant-specialized metabolite biosynthesis.Capsaicinoids are unique to the genus Capsicum and confer a pungent flavor to its fruits.However,the transcriptional regulation of capsaicinoid biosynthesis remains largely unknown.In this study,two AP2/ERF transcription factors(TFs),CaERF102 and CaERF111,were characterized for their role in the capsaicinoid biosynthesis process.Expression analysis of two ERFs and capsaicinoid biosynthetic genes(CBGs)suggested that they were associated with capsaicinoid biosynthesis.Both ERFs encode nuclear-localized proteins and function as transcriptional activators through their C-terminal activation motifs.The two ERF TFs participated in capsaicinoid biosynthesis by directly activating the promoters of key CBGs,and this activation was significantly enhanced when CaMYC2 was co-expressed.Moreover,CaERF102 and CaERF111 were found to interact with CaMYC2.This study helps elucidate the AP2/ERF TF regulatory network that governs capsaicinoid biosynthesis in Capsicum species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2IA20230)the Guangdong Modern Vegetable Industry Technology System Project(2024CXTD08)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010403)the Xizang Autonomous Region of Lhasa City Science and Technology Project(LSKJ202418)the Guangdong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Selection and Breeding of New High-Yielding and High-Quality Pepper Varieties)(2024-NPY-00-020).
文摘The color difference of capsicum fruit is closely related to the type and content of pigment in the peel,which is mainly determined by anthocyanins,chlorophyll,and carotenoids.This study used green“CA59”and purple“Z81”pepper fruits as parents to create the F2 generation.The fruit color of 466 F2 population was identified,and the extreme individuals from this population were selected for Bulked Segregant Analysis(BSA)using resequencing.Genetic analysis revealed that a pair of genes controls the expression of the purple fruit trait in capsicum.Using functional annotation,expression analysis,and sequencing analysis of candidate genes,it was determined that there were four genes in the region between InDel 67 and InDel 75(185,664,068 BP-186,514,350 bp)on chromosome 10,that is the linkage interval for pepper purple fruit.There are 7 SNPs in the CaMYB1 gene(Capann_59V1aChr10g016200)in the pepper variety“Z81”.Of these,4 SNPs are located in the gene’s coding region.These 4 SNPs lead to 2 mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence(synonymous mutations)and 2 mutations that do change the amino acid sequence(non-synonymous mutations).Additionally,the expression level of the CaMYB1 gene in the purple fruit of“Z81”is significantly higher than that in the green fruit of“CA59”.CaMYB1 is believed to be a crucial candidate gene in regulating anthocyanin production in purple capsicum fruit.A molecular marker,InDel 67,was successfully developed,with a total separation rate of 92.4%.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFD1000800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572124).
文摘Plant biosynthesis involves numerous specialized metabolites with diverse chemical natures and biological activities.The biosynthesis of metabolites often exclusively occurs in response to tissue-specific combinatorial developmental cues that are controlled at the transcriptional level.Capsaicinoids are a group of specialized metabolites that confer a pungent flavor to pepper fruits.Capsaicinoid biosynthesis occurs in the fruit placenta and combines its developmental cues.Although the capsaicinoid biosynthetic pathway has been largely characterized,the regulatory mechanisms that control capsaicinoid metabolism have not been fully elucidated.In this study,we combined fruit placenta transcriptome data with weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)to generate coexpression networks.A capsaicinoid-related gene module was identified in which the MYB transcription factor CaMYB48 plays a critical role in regulating capsaicinoid in pepper.Capsaicinoid biosynthetic gene(CBG)and CaMYB48 expression primarily occurs in the placenta and is consistent with capsaicinoid biosynthesis.CaMYB48 encodes a nucleus-localized protein that primarily functions as a transcriptional activator through its C-terminal activation motif.CaMYB48 regulates capsaicinoid biosynthesis by directly regulating the expression of CBGs,including AT3a and KasIa.Taken together,the results of this study indicate ways to generate robust networks optimized for the mining of CBG-related regulators,establishing a foundation for future research elucidating capsaicinoid regulation.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31672156)the Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFD0101904).
文摘The eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)is rich in vitamin P(also known as rutin),which is beneficial for humans.In this study,the vitamin P contents of 53 eggplant lines were measured via UV spectrophotometry.The results showed that the vitamin P content differed significantly among the eggplant lines and the actual contents of vitamin P in fresh fruit pulp and fresh peel were 0.18–0.82mg·g^−1 and 0.42–2.32mg·g^−1,respectively.Furthermore,themixed major gene and polygene inheritance modelmethod was used for the inheritance analysis of the vitamin P content in F2 populations of three hybridization combinations.Inheritance analysis demonstrated that the vitamin P content of these eggplant lines was a quantitative trait.One or two major genes were the contributor,and the genetic effect was an additive-dominance effect.The high vitamin P content trait was regulated by the main gene and followed an additive effect.The heritability of the major genes controlling the high vitamin P content was low,while the heritability of the major gene that controls the low vitamin P content trait was high.These results provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of eggplants with high vitamin P content.
基金supported by the Guangdong Key Research and Development Program (2018B020202010)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31572124)+1 种基金Key Project of Guangdong Science and Technology Department (2015B020202009)the Key Project of Guangzhou Science and Technology Program (201508030021)
文摘To improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms of anther and/or pollen development in Chili pepper, in the present study, fulllength cDNA and DNA sequences of the pollen development-related gene CaMF5 were obtained from the anthers of a Capsicum annuum nuclear male-fertile line. Sequence analysis indicated that the full length of CaMF5 was 747 bp, containing a maximum opening reading frame of 447 bp.Amino acid sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that CaMF5 shared approximately 37%–77% homology with a series of uncharacterized or hypothetical proteins and late embryogenesis abundant(LEA) proteins from other plants. However, no LEA structural domain was detected in CaMF5, which indicated that it might be a new type of LEA gene. CaMF5 was only expressed in flower buds at stages 7 and 8 and in open flowers of the male-fertile line, whereas it exhibited no expression in any examined organs of the male-sterile line. In addition, CaMF5 showed the highest transcript abundance in the anthers of the male-fertile line, with no expression being detected in any other examined organs, such as the sepals, petals, pistils, roots, stems, or leaves. Taken together, our results suggest that CaMF5 is an anther-specific gene that might encode a new type of LEA protein related to anther and/or pollen development in C. annuum.
文摘Gibberellin(GA)plays a major role in controlling Brassica rapa stalk development.As an essential negative regulator of GA signal transduction,DELLA proteins may exert significant effects on stalk development.However,the regulatory mechanisms underlying this regulation remain unclear.In this study,we report highly efficient and inheritable mutagenesis using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system in BraPDS(phytoene desaturase)and BraRGL1(key DELLA protein)genes.We observed a loss-of-function mutation in BraRGL1 due to two amino acids in GRAS domain.The flower bud differentiation and bolting time of BraRGL1 mutants were significantly advanced.The expression of GA-regulatory protein(BraGASA6),flowering related genes(BraSOC1,BraLFY),expansion protein(BraEXPA11)and xyloglucan endotransferase(BraXTH3)genes was also significantly upregulated in these mutants.BraRGL1-overexpressing plants displayed the contrasting phenotypes.BraRGL1 mutants were more sensitive to GA signaling.BraRGL1 interacted with BraSOC1,and the interaction intensity decreased after GA3 treatment.In addition,BraRGL1 inhibited the transcription-activation ability of BraSOC1 for BraXTH3 and BraLFY genes,but the presence of GA3 enhanced the activation ability of BraSOC1,suggesting that the BraRGL1-BraSOC1 module regulates bolting and flowering of B.rapa through GA signal transduction.Thus,we hypothesized that BraRGL1 is degraded,and BraSOC1 is released in the presence of GA3,which promotes the expression of BraXTH3 and BraLFY,thereby inducing stalk development in B.rapa.Further,the BraRGL1-M mutant promoted the flower bud differentiation without affecting the stalk quality.Thus,BraRGL1 can serve as a valuable target for the molecular breeding of early maturing varieties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371042 and 31671164)
文摘Facial and vocal expressions are essential modalities mediating the perception of emotion and social communication.Nonetheless,currently little is known about how emotion perception and its neural substrates differ across facial expression and vocal prosody.To clarify this issue,functional MRI scans were acquired in Study 1,in which participants were asked to discriminate the valence of emotional expression(angry,happy or neutral)from facial,vocal,or bimodal stimuli.In Study 2,we used an affective priming task(unimodal materials as primers and bimodal materials as target)and participants were asked to rate the intensity,valence,and arousal of the targets.Study 1 showed higher accuracy and shorter response latencies in the facial than in the vocal modality for a happy expression.Whole-brain analysis showed enhanced activation during facial compared to vocal emotions in the inferior temporal-occipital regions.Region of interest analysis showed a higher percentage signal change for facial than for vocal anger in the superior temporal sulcus.Study 2 showed that facial relative to vocal priming of anger had a greater influence on perceived emotion for bimodal targets,irrespective of the target valence.These findings suggest that facial expression is associated with enhanced emotion perception compared to equivalent vocal prosodies.
文摘At the present stage,with the continuous development of social economy and science and technology,China's financial and securities industry has gradually developed.As an important part of China's socialist economic market,including the financial and securities industry,therefore,to a certain extent,the development of the financial securities industry has promoted the prosperity and development of China's economy.In other words,strengthening the management of financial securities market regulation can promote the sustainable development of the securities industry,thereby promoting the rapid development of China's economy.This paper mainly discusses and expounds some problems existing in the current process of financial securities market regulation,and proposes solutions to it,hoping to be helpful to the financial securities industry.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of NARI Technology Co.,Ltd.“Interaction and Coordination Technology of Information-Physical-Social Elements”(No.GF-GFWD-210338)。
文摘With the increase in the permeability of renewable energy and the frequency of extreme weather,the power system requires a large amount of flexible power regulation capacity.In order to realize the multi-day cooperation of reserve resources,the stochastic optimization of medium-and short-term reserve arrangement considering the typhoon uncertainty is studied in this paper.Firstly,the extreme scenario generation and reduction method considering the typhoon path-intensity prediction uncertainty is constructed.Then,considering the combined cost of preventive and emergency control for adequacy in multiple scenarios,the reserve arrangement optimization model in extreme weather is built.In this model,the pre-dispatching strategies for multiple types of reserve resources are proposed to maintain the medium-and short-term coordination.Finally,case studies on a simplified 24-node power system of Zhejiang province,China are presented based on the data of the typhoon Fireworks in July 2021,and the result shows that the proposed reserve arrangement optimization model can reduce the total cost of power systems and the risk of operation under the typhoon disaster.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB3212300)Key Project of Zhejiang Province(2023C03104,2024C03146)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201082,62301481,62401505)Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department(Y202353232)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20232333)Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(BX2021265,2021M702859)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2024-00059).
文摘Bitter receptors were initially identified within the gustatory system.In recent years,bitter receptors have been found in various non-gustatory tissues,including the cardiovascular system,where they participate in diverse physiological processes.To investigate the electrophysiological and potential therapeutic implications of bitter receptors,we have developed a highly sensitive,multifunctional planar-electroporated cell biosensor(PECB)for high-throughput evaluation of the effects of bitter substances on cardiomyocytes.The PECB demonstrated the capability for highthroughput,stable,and reproducible detection of intracellular action potentials(IAPs).In comparison to conventional biosensors that utilize extracellular action potentials(EAPs)for data analysis,the IAPs recorded by the PECB provided high-resolution insights into action potentials,characterized by increased amplitudes and an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).The PECB successfully monitored IAPs induced by the activation of bitter receptors by using three bitter substances:diphenidol,denatonium benzoate,and arbutin in cardiomyocytes.To further assess the drug development ability of our PECB,we established an in vitro long QT syndrome(LQTS)model to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of arbutin.The results indicated that arbutin altered the electrophysiological properties of cardiomyocytes and significantly shortened the repolarization time in the LQTS model.Moreover,it demonstrated its potential mechanistic pathway by activating bitter receptors to modulate cardiac ion channel activities.The developed PECB provides an effective platform for high-throughput screening of substrates of bitter receptors for the treatment of heart disease,presenting new opportunities for the development of antiarrhythmic therapies.
基金Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledged financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 61261130586,61275033 and 61205032）, Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province （Nos. 20130522151JH and 20140519006JH）.
文摘100-GHz cross-cascaded arrayed waveguide gratings （AWGs）-based wavelength selective optical switching optical cross-connects （OXCs） modules with Mach-Zehnder interferometer （MZI） thermo-optic （TO） variable optical attenuator （VOA） arrays and optical true- time-delay （TTD） line arrays is successfully designed and fabricated using polymer photonic lightwave circuit. Highly fluorinated photopolymer and grafting modified organic-inorganic hybrid material were synthesized as the waveguide core and cladding, respectively. The one-chip transmission loss is -6 dB and the crosstalk is less than -30 dB for the transverse-magnetic （TM） mode. The actual maximum modulation depths of different thermo-optic switches are similar, -15.5 dB with 1.9 V bias. The maximum power consumption of a single switch is less than 10 mW. The delay time basic increments are measured from 140 to 20 ps. Proposed novel module is flexible and scalable for the dense wavelength division multiplexing network.
基金National Key Research and Development(R&D)Program of China(2019YFB2203001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.62171195).
文摘In this work,on-chip three-dimensional(3D)photonic integrated optical sources based on active fluorescent polymer waveguide microdisks are proposed for light display application.Fluorescent green and red oligomers with high-efficiency photoluminescence are doped into epoxy crosslinking SU-8 polymer as the waveguide gain medium.The microdisk-based on-chip optically pumping light sources are designed and fabricated using the organic functionalized materials by direct UV written process.The promising stacking dual-microdisk structures with double gain layers could provide white signal light source generated perpendicular to the chip,and green signal light source stimulated in the chip.The approach could realize the monolithically on-chip assembled vertical and horizontal bright emitters.The optical pumping threshold power is obtained as 50 mW with continuous-wave(CW)pumping.The average gain coefficient of a white light source is measured by vertical fiber coupling as 112 dB/W,and that of green light source by horizontal fiber coupling as 137 dB/W,respectively.The rising and falling response time of the on-chip optical sources are 60 and 80μs under modulating pulsed pumping.This technique is very promising for achieving 3D integrated light display application,including photonic circuits and optical information encryption.
