We demonstrate a novel flat-field,dual-optic imaging EUV—soft X-ray spectrometer and monochromator that attains an unprecedented throughput efficiency exceeding 60%by design,along with a superb spectral resolution of...We demonstrate a novel flat-field,dual-optic imaging EUV—soft X-ray spectrometer and monochromator that attains an unprecedented throughput efficiency exceeding 60%by design,along with a superb spectral resolution ofλ/Δλ>200 accomplished without employing variable line spacing gratings.Exploiting the benefits of the conical diffraction geometry,the optical system is globally optimized in multidimensional parameter space to guarantee optimal imaging performance over a broad spectral range while maintaining circular and elliptical polarization states at the first,second,and third diffraction orders.Moreover,our analysis indicates minimal temporal dispersion,with pulse broadening confined within 80 fs tail-to-tail and an FWHM value of 29 fs,which enables ultrafast spectroscopic and pump-probe studies with femtosecond accuracy.Furthermore,the spectrometer can be effortlessly transformed into a monochromator spanning the EUV—soft X-ray spectral region using a single grating with an aberration-free spatial profile.Such capability allows coherent diffractive imaging applications to be conducted with highly monochromatic light in a broad spectral range and extended to the soft X-ray region with minimal photon loss,thus facilitating state-of-the-art imaging of intricate nano-and bio-systems,with a significantly enhanced spatiotemporal resolution,down to the nanometer–femtosecond level.展开更多
A random method used for improving light throughput of a soft X-ray multilayer has been developed in the 18-20 nm spectral region, based on the traditional theory of periodic multilayer, and an 8% gain in integrated r...A random method used for improving light throughput of a soft X-ray multilayer has been developed in the 18-20 nm spectral region, based on the traditional theory of periodic multilayer, and an 8% gain in integrated reflectance is obtained. The ensemble calculation is presented at the same time, and the multilayer is fabricated by magnetron sputtering.展开更多
Particle acceleration driven by intense lasers has long been a frontier of research in the field of laser engineering physics due to its extremely high acceleration gradient.Recently,dielectric laser accelerators(DLAs...Particle acceleration driven by intense lasers has long been a frontier of research in the field of laser engineering physics due to its extremely high acceleration gradient.Recently,dielectric laser accelerators(DLAs)have become a new research hotspot due to their ability to achieve gigavolt-per-meter acceleration gradients on compact chip-level all-optical structures.In comparison to the currently widely used solid-state laser with a 1-μm wavelength,long-wave infrared(LWIR)lasers with a length of about 10μm offer several unique advantages,including the ability to obtain a large electric charge of particle beams and lower energy divergence.These advantages have been validated in plasma-based laser accelerators as well as DLAs.Although the system is still in its early stages of development,the use of LWIR lasers for driving DLAs has special significance,including but not limited to easier processing of optical chips and larger acceleration channels.This review will provide a detailed introduction to this field from 2 aspects:DLAs and ultrashort and ultraintense LWIR lasers based on CO_(2) laser amplifiers.展开更多
Precise intraoperative delineation of deep glioma margins remains challenging,as existing imaging modalities are limited by brain shift,poor penetration depth,or low spatial resolution,thus compromising surgical accur...Precise intraoperative delineation of deep glioma margins remains challenging,as existing imaging modalities are limited by brain shift,poor penetration depth,or low spatial resolution,thus compromising surgical accuracy.Electrophysiological differences between tumor and normal tissues offer potential biomarkers,but lack high-resolution in vivo validation.We developed NeuroDepth,a tungsten-based multi-channel microelectrode array.With an implantation depth of up to 9 cm and 8 recording sites,the probe provides whole-brain accessibility.Its 15μm diameter recording sites enable single-cell spatial resolution,while a 30 kHz sampling rate ensures high temporal fidelity for real-time signal acquisition.In this study,NeuroDepth was applied intraoperatively for the first time to monitor deep human glioma tissue.Spatial electrophysiological heterogeneity and longitudinal path-dependent variations revealed electrophysiological markers distinguishing tumor versus normal tissues.Compared with normal cortical surface recordings,glioma regions exhibited elevated neuronal firing rates,altered spike morphologies,and enhanced local field potential synchrony.Neuronal avalanche analysis revealed aberrant criticality within glioma tissue,suggesting unique dynamic network properties useful for boundary detection.A longitudinal recording along the cortex-white matter-tumor trajectory identified a characteristic“rebound”in neuronal activity upon entering the tumor,providing a clear demarcation signature.NeuroDepth demonstrates a new paradigm for intraoperative guidance,leveraging real-time electrophysiological detection to map deep tumor margins at a quantifiable single-cell resolution.It emerges as a promising tool to enhance resection accuracy while protecting functional brain areas.展开更多
基金funding from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3602600)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(GJJSTD20200009)(2018-131-S)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(62121003)(10010108B1339-2451)the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z221100006722008)T.P.gratefully acknowledges funding from the European Research Council(ERC)(grant agreement XSTREAM-716950)the Alfred P.Sloan Foundation(FG-2018-10892)。
文摘We demonstrate a novel flat-field,dual-optic imaging EUV—soft X-ray spectrometer and monochromator that attains an unprecedented throughput efficiency exceeding 60%by design,along with a superb spectral resolution ofλ/Δλ>200 accomplished without employing variable line spacing gratings.Exploiting the benefits of the conical diffraction geometry,the optical system is globally optimized in multidimensional parameter space to guarantee optimal imaging performance over a broad spectral range while maintaining circular and elliptical polarization states at the first,second,and third diffraction orders.Moreover,our analysis indicates minimal temporal dispersion,with pulse broadening confined within 80 fs tail-to-tail and an FWHM value of 29 fs,which enables ultrafast spectroscopic and pump-probe studies with femtosecond accuracy.Furthermore,the spectrometer can be effortlessly transformed into a monochromator spanning the EUV—soft X-ray spectral region using a single grating with an aberration-free spatial profile.Such capability allows coherent diffractive imaging applications to be conducted with highly monochromatic light in a broad spectral range and extended to the soft X-ray region with minimal photon loss,thus facilitating state-of-the-art imaging of intricate nano-and bio-systems,with a significantly enhanced spatiotemporal resolution,down to the nanometer–femtosecond level.
文摘A random method used for improving light throughput of a soft X-ray multilayer has been developed in the 18-20 nm spectral region, based on the traditional theory of periodic multilayer, and an 8% gain in integrated reflectance is obtained. The ensemble calculation is presented at the same time, and the multilayer is fabricated by magnetron sputtering.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program(2020YFF0400700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12374295,and 62075200,and61975205)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042023kf0113 and 2042022gf0004)the Hubei Provincial Technical Innovation Project(2021BEC011)Independent Scientific Research(JCKYS2021212011).
文摘Particle acceleration driven by intense lasers has long been a frontier of research in the field of laser engineering physics due to its extremely high acceleration gradient.Recently,dielectric laser accelerators(DLAs)have become a new research hotspot due to their ability to achieve gigavolt-per-meter acceleration gradients on compact chip-level all-optical structures.In comparison to the currently widely used solid-state laser with a 1-μm wavelength,long-wave infrared(LWIR)lasers with a length of about 10μm offer several unique advantages,including the ability to obtain a large electric charge of particle beams and lower energy divergence.These advantages have been validated in plasma-based laser accelerators as well as DLAs.Although the system is still in its early stages of development,the use of LWIR lasers for driving DLAs has special significance,including but not limited to easier processing of optical chips and larger acceleration channels.This review will provide a detailed introduction to this field from 2 aspects:DLAs and ultrashort and ultraintense LWIR lasers based on CO_(2) laser amplifiers.
基金supported by the Frontier Interdisciplinary Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XK2022XXC003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.L2224042,62121003,T2293730,T2293731,62333020,62171434,and 62471291)+5 种基金the Heilongjiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program(SC2022ZX06C0029)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(PL2024H055)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2402501,2022YFB3205602the Major Program of Scientific and Technical Innovation 2030(2021ZD02016030)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.PTYQ2024BJ0009)the National Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(F252069).
文摘Precise intraoperative delineation of deep glioma margins remains challenging,as existing imaging modalities are limited by brain shift,poor penetration depth,or low spatial resolution,thus compromising surgical accuracy.Electrophysiological differences between tumor and normal tissues offer potential biomarkers,but lack high-resolution in vivo validation.We developed NeuroDepth,a tungsten-based multi-channel microelectrode array.With an implantation depth of up to 9 cm and 8 recording sites,the probe provides whole-brain accessibility.Its 15μm diameter recording sites enable single-cell spatial resolution,while a 30 kHz sampling rate ensures high temporal fidelity for real-time signal acquisition.In this study,NeuroDepth was applied intraoperatively for the first time to monitor deep human glioma tissue.Spatial electrophysiological heterogeneity and longitudinal path-dependent variations revealed electrophysiological markers distinguishing tumor versus normal tissues.Compared with normal cortical surface recordings,glioma regions exhibited elevated neuronal firing rates,altered spike morphologies,and enhanced local field potential synchrony.Neuronal avalanche analysis revealed aberrant criticality within glioma tissue,suggesting unique dynamic network properties useful for boundary detection.A longitudinal recording along the cortex-white matter-tumor trajectory identified a characteristic“rebound”in neuronal activity upon entering the tumor,providing a clear demarcation signature.NeuroDepth demonstrates a new paradigm for intraoperative guidance,leveraging real-time electrophysiological detection to map deep tumor margins at a quantifiable single-cell resolution.It emerges as a promising tool to enhance resection accuracy while protecting functional brain areas.
