Study on the microscopic structure of clathrate hydrate has made significant progress in the past decades.This review aims to summarize the state of the art of the experimental characterization of vip molecular occu...Study on the microscopic structure of clathrate hydrate has made significant progress in the past decades.This review aims to summarize the state of the art of the experimental characterization of vip molecular occupancy in clathrate hydrate cages,which is an important area of the microscopic structures.The characterizing method and features of different vip molecular,such as hydrocarbon,carbon dioxide,hydrogen and inhibitor/promoter,in different hydrate cages have been extensively reviewed.A comprehensive use of advanced technologies such as X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance may provide better understanding on the compositions and microscopic mechanisms of clathrate hydrate.展开更多
AIM: To fi nd risk factors of cancer in patients who had a repeat biopsy and to develop the nomogram using our cohort. METHODS: Among 3500 patients who had a prostate biopsy over 11 years between 2000 and 2010 at our ...AIM: To fi nd risk factors of cancer in patients who had a repeat biopsy and to develop the nomogram using our cohort. METHODS: Among 3500 patients who had a prostate biopsy over 11 years between 2000 and 2010 at our hospital, we studied a total of 807 repeat biopsy sessions in 459 patients who had at least 1 initial negative biopsy. At each biopsy session, we recorded patient age, number of previous biopsy sessions, number of biopsy cores, number of previously negative biopsy cores, months from the initial biopsy, months from the previous biopsy, serum PSA, PSA slope, digital rectal examination fi ndings, hypoechoic lesions suspicious for a cancer on transrectal ultrasonography, total prostate volume, transitional zone(TZ) volume, PSA density, PSA TZ density and history of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia(HGPIN) or atypical small acinar proliferation(ASAP). Clinical and pathological variables were correlated with the outcome of repeat biopsies. A nomogram was developed based on logistic regression analyses and calibration was performed.RESULTS: Overall, 17% of repeat biopsies had a cancer. With receiver operating characteristics analyses, the highest area under the curve(AUC) was obtained based on all available 13 variables, which were age, PSA, digital rectal examination, PSA density, prostate volume, TZ volume, PSA TZ density, cumulative number of biopsy cores, HGPIN, ASAP, months from previous negative biopsy, initial negative biopsy and number of biopsy cores. Based on multivariable logistic regression analysis, a nomogram was constructed with an AUC of 0.74, which was greater than that of any single risk factor. The calibration plot seemed to be good.CONCLUSION: Our nomogram for predicting a positive repeat biopsy can provide probabilities for cancer and may help clinical judgment on whether to do a repeat prostate biopsy.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51706248,51876222)National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC0307304)
文摘Study on the microscopic structure of clathrate hydrate has made significant progress in the past decades.This review aims to summarize the state of the art of the experimental characterization of vip molecular occupancy in clathrate hydrate cages,which is an important area of the microscopic structures.The characterizing method and features of different vip molecular,such as hydrocarbon,carbon dioxide,hydrogen and inhibitor/promoter,in different hydrate cages have been extensively reviewed.A comprehensive use of advanced technologies such as X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance may provide better understanding on the compositions and microscopic mechanisms of clathrate hydrate.
文摘AIM: To fi nd risk factors of cancer in patients who had a repeat biopsy and to develop the nomogram using our cohort. METHODS: Among 3500 patients who had a prostate biopsy over 11 years between 2000 and 2010 at our hospital, we studied a total of 807 repeat biopsy sessions in 459 patients who had at least 1 initial negative biopsy. At each biopsy session, we recorded patient age, number of previous biopsy sessions, number of biopsy cores, number of previously negative biopsy cores, months from the initial biopsy, months from the previous biopsy, serum PSA, PSA slope, digital rectal examination fi ndings, hypoechoic lesions suspicious for a cancer on transrectal ultrasonography, total prostate volume, transitional zone(TZ) volume, PSA density, PSA TZ density and history of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia(HGPIN) or atypical small acinar proliferation(ASAP). Clinical and pathological variables were correlated with the outcome of repeat biopsies. A nomogram was developed based on logistic regression analyses and calibration was performed.RESULTS: Overall, 17% of repeat biopsies had a cancer. With receiver operating characteristics analyses, the highest area under the curve(AUC) was obtained based on all available 13 variables, which were age, PSA, digital rectal examination, PSA density, prostate volume, TZ volume, PSA TZ density, cumulative number of biopsy cores, HGPIN, ASAP, months from previous negative biopsy, initial negative biopsy and number of biopsy cores. Based on multivariable logistic regression analysis, a nomogram was constructed with an AUC of 0.74, which was greater than that of any single risk factor. The calibration plot seemed to be good.CONCLUSION: Our nomogram for predicting a positive repeat biopsy can provide probabilities for cancer and may help clinical judgment on whether to do a repeat prostate biopsy.
