Abiotic stresses,such as drought,heavy metals,salinity,and extreme temperatures,are among the most common adverse threats that restrict the use of land for agriculture and limit crop growth and productivity.As sessile...Abiotic stresses,such as drought,heavy metals,salinity,and extreme temperatures,are among the most common adverse threats that restrict the use of land for agriculture and limit crop growth and productivity.As sessile organisms,plants defend themselves from abiotic stresses by developing various tolerance mechanisms.These mechanisms are governed by several biochemical traits.The biochemical mechanisms are the products of key genes that express under specific conditions.Interestingly,the expression of these genes is regulated by specialized proteins known as transcription factors(TFs).Several TFs,including those from the bZIP,bHLH,MYB,HSF,WRKY,DREB,and DOF families,play critical roles in regulating plant growth,development,and responses to environmental changes.By binding to specific DNA sequences,TFs can act as molecular switches to repress or activate the transcription of targeted genes.Moreover,some TF genes have been engineered to strengthencrop resilience to multiple abiotic stresses.Identifying and manipulating TFs is an interesting research area that could aid in improving crop abiotic stress tolerance.This review describs the harmful effects of salinity,drought,temperature and heavy metals on plant growth and development.We also provide an updated discussion on how TFs regulate and activate the plant tolerance under different abiotic constraints.Our aim is to extend understanding of how abiotic stresses affect the physiological characteristics of plants and how TFs alleviate these deleterious effects on plant growth and productivity.展开更多
基金supported by the RHIZOLEG project,funded by the Ministry of Higher Education,Scientific Research,and Innovation of Morocco(MESRSI)under the Convention 2023 No.6,as part of the Moroccan-Hungarian Cooperation for Scientific Research.
文摘Abiotic stresses,such as drought,heavy metals,salinity,and extreme temperatures,are among the most common adverse threats that restrict the use of land for agriculture and limit crop growth and productivity.As sessile organisms,plants defend themselves from abiotic stresses by developing various tolerance mechanisms.These mechanisms are governed by several biochemical traits.The biochemical mechanisms are the products of key genes that express under specific conditions.Interestingly,the expression of these genes is regulated by specialized proteins known as transcription factors(TFs).Several TFs,including those from the bZIP,bHLH,MYB,HSF,WRKY,DREB,and DOF families,play critical roles in regulating plant growth,development,and responses to environmental changes.By binding to specific DNA sequences,TFs can act as molecular switches to repress or activate the transcription of targeted genes.Moreover,some TF genes have been engineered to strengthencrop resilience to multiple abiotic stresses.Identifying and manipulating TFs is an interesting research area that could aid in improving crop abiotic stress tolerance.This review describs the harmful effects of salinity,drought,temperature and heavy metals on plant growth and development.We also provide an updated discussion on how TFs regulate and activate the plant tolerance under different abiotic constraints.Our aim is to extend understanding of how abiotic stresses affect the physiological characteristics of plants and how TFs alleviate these deleterious effects on plant growth and productivity.
