Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva(FOP)is a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital bilateral malformation of the large toe and progressive,extensive,and irreversible heterotopic ossification(HO)of soft t...Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva(FOP)is a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital bilateral malformation of the large toe and progressive,extensive,and irreversible heterotopic ossification(HO)of soft tissues throughout the body,leading to severe disabilities.FOP is caused primarily by mutations in activin A receptor type 1(ACVR1),also known as activin-like kinase 2(ALK2),which encodes a receptor belonging to the bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)type I family.However,the continuous and complex process of HO in FOP is not yet fully understood,which has impeded the development of therapeutic drugs.Despite surgical removal of HO,which often results in recurrence and expansion of ossification,there is currently no definitive drug treatment available to completely prevent,halt,or reverse the progression of HO in FOP.Currently,researchers are intensively studying the pathogenesis of FOP at various stages and developing promising drug candidates,including saracatinib,palovarotene,and rapamycin.This review provides an overview of progress in understanding the mechanism of FOP and the development of therapeutic drugs,with the goal of providing insights for further research and the development of new treatment methods.展开更多
A clear diagram for the unfolding of protein induced by denaturant is a classical but still unsolved challenge. To explore the unfolded conformations of ubiquitin under different urea concentrations, we performed hybr...A clear diagram for the unfolding of protein induced by denaturant is a classical but still unsolved challenge. To explore the unfolded conformations of ubiquitin under different urea concentrations, we performed hybrid Monte Carlo-molecular dynamics simulations (MC-MD) guided by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) structural information. Conformational ensembles sampled by the hybrid MC-MD algorithm exhibited typical 3D structures at different urea concentrations. These typical structures suggested that ubiquitin was subjected to a sequential unfolding, where the native contacts between adjacent β-sheets at first were disrupted together with the exposure of hydrophobic core, followed by the conversion of remaining β-strands and helices into random coils. Ubiquitin in 8 mol·L?1 urea is almost a random coil. With the disruption of native structure, urea molecules are enriched at protein hydrated layer to stabilize newly exposed residues. Compared with water, urea molecules prefer to form hydrogen bonds with the backbone of ubiquitin, thus occupying nodes of the hydrogen bonding network that construct the secondary structure of proteins. Meanwhile, we also found that the slow dynamics of urea molecules was almost unchanged while the dynamics of water was accelerated in the hydration shell when more residues were unfolded and exposed. The former was also responsible for the stabilization of unfolded structures.展开更多
Single instruction multiple data （SIMD） instructions are often implemented in modem media processors. Although SIMD instructions are useful in multimedia applications, most compilers do not have good support for SIM...Single instruction multiple data （SIMD） instructions are often implemented in modem media processors. Although SIMD instructions are useful in multimedia applications, most compilers do not have good support for SIMD instructions. This paper focuses on SIMD instructions generation for media processors. We present an efficient code optimization approach that is integrated into a retargetable C compiler. SIMD instructions are generated by finding and combining the same operations in programs. Experimental results for the UltraSPARC VIS instruction set show that a speedup factor up to 2.639 is obtained.展开更多
An orthogonal array of strength t, degree k, order v and index λ, denoted by OAλ（t,k,v）, is a λv^t × k array on a v symbol set such that each λv^t× t subarray contains each t-tuple exactly λ times. An...An orthogonal array of strength t, degree k, order v and index λ, denoted by OAλ（t,k,v）, is a λv^t × k array on a v symbol set such that each λv^t× t subarray contains each t-tuple exactly λ times. An OAλ（t, k,v） is called simple and denoted by SOAλ（t,k,v） if it contains no repeated rows. In this paper, it is proved that the necessary conditions for the existence of an SOAλ（3, 5, v） with λ ≥ 2 are also sufficient with possible exceptions where v = 6 and ）, λ ∈（3, 7, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 29, 33}.展开更多
Background With an increasing number of vehicles becoming autonomous,intelligent,and connected,paying attention to the future usage of car human-machine interface with these vehicles should become more relevant.Severa...Background With an increasing number of vehicles becoming autonomous,intelligent,and connected,paying attention to the future usage of car human-machine interface with these vehicles should become more relevant.Several studies have addressed car HMI but were less attentive to designing and implementing interactive glazing for every day(autonomous)driving contexts.Methods Reflecting on the literature,we describe an engineering psychology practice and the design of six novel future user scenarios,which envision the application of a specific set of augmented reality(AR)support user interactions.Additionally,we conduct evaluations on specific scenarios and experiential prototypes,which reveal that these AR scenarios aid the target user groups in experiencing a new type of interaction.The overall evaluation is positive with valuable assessment results and suggestions.Conclusions This study can interest applied psychology educators who aspire to teach how AR can be operationalized in a human-centered design process to students with minimal pre-existing expertise or minimal scientific knowledge in engineering psychology.展开更多
AIM： To compare and calculate the 3-year refractive results, higher-order aberrations （HOAs）, contrast sensitivity （CS） and dry eye parameters after small incision lenticule extraction （SMILE） and wavefront-gui...AIM： To compare and calculate the 3-year refractive results, higher-order aberrations （HOAs）, contrast sensitivity （CS） and dry eye parameters after small incision lenticule extraction （SMILE） and wavefront-guided femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis （FS-LASIK） for correction of high myopia and myopic astigmatism. METHODS： In this prospective, non-randomized comparative study, 78 eyes with spherical equivalent （SE） of -8.11±1.09 diopters （D） received a SMILE surgery, and 65 eyes with SE of -8.05±1.12 D received a wavefront-guided FS-LASIK surgery with the VisuMax femtosecond laser （Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany） for flap cutting. Visual acuity, manifest refraction, CS, HOAs, ocular surface disease index （OSDI） and tear break-up time （TBUT） were evaluated during a 3-year follow-up. RESULTS： The difference of uncorrected distance visual acuity （UDVA） postoperatively was achieved at lmo and at 3mo, whereas the difference of the mean UDVA between two groups at 3y were not statistically significant （t=-1.59, P=-0.13）. The postoperative change of SE was 0.89 D in the FS-LASIK group （t=5.76, P=0.00）, and 0.14 D in the SMILE group （t=-0.54, P=0.59） from lmo to 3y after surgery. At 3-year postoperatively, both HOAs and spherical aberrations in the SMILE group were obviously less than those in the FS-LASIK group （P=0.00）, but the coma root mean square （RMS） was higher in the SMILE group （0.59±0.26） than in the FS-LASIK group （0.29±0.14, P=0.00）. The mesopic CS values between two groups were not statistically significant at 3y postoperatively. Compared with the FS-LASIK group, lower OSDI scores and longer TBUT values were found in the SMILE group at Imo and 3mo postoperatively. With regard to safety, no eye lost any line of CDVA in both groups at 3y after surgery. CONCLUSION： Both SMILE and wavefront-guided FS- LASIK procedures provide good visual outcomes. Both procedures are effective and safe, but SMILE surgery achieve more stable long-term refractive outcome and better control of early postoperative dry eye as compared to FS-LASIK.展开更多
Electrospun fiber mats (EFM) integrated proteins and biocompatible polymers have been widely used as tissue scaffold, wound dressing and food packaging. The morphology of EFM has strong correlation with the structure ...Electrospun fiber mats (EFM) integrated proteins and biocompatible polymers have been widely used as tissue scaffold, wound dressing and food packaging. The morphology of EFM has strong correlation with the structure and rheology of the solutions. We studied the structure and rheology of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and zein in 80% ethanol aqueous solutions and the resulted EFM. In solutions, zein with rod-like conformation tends to aggregate and form oligomer, the number of proteins in the oligomer spans from 2.5 to 55.2, while PEO always behaves like Gaussian chain in good solvent. Zein preferred to distribute along PEO chains in their mixed solutions, and the structures decomposed from small angle X-ray scattering have consistent relaxation spatial-temporal characteristics with rheological behaviors.Further, the aging of zein solutions enhanced shear thinning and resulted thicker fibers in EFM, which are attributed to the rod-like growth of zein aggregates. Aggregates in viscous media with long enough relaxation time are probably crucial for the formation of continuous electrospun fibers or ribbons. This study provides a clear correlation of the structure, rheology of solutions with the morphologies of EFM made up of proteins and polymers.展开更多
The sound stimulus has a signifi cant impact on marine animals.However,many studies have focused on the negative impacts of sound on marine vertebrates.The positive impacts of sound on marine animals,especially on mar...The sound stimulus has a signifi cant impact on marine animals.However,many studies have focused on the negative impacts of sound on marine vertebrates.The positive impacts of sound on marine animals,especially on marine invertebrates,were rarely studied.In the present study,we evaluated the eff ects of music on the survival and development of an economically important marine invertebrate,swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus.Three pieces of classical music and a control group,i.e.,Eine Kleine Nachtmusik by Mozart(EK),Bach-Violin Concerto No.1(BV),Anonymous Romanza by Anonymous(AR),and environmental sound(EN)were used.The sound pressure received were 163-dB root mean square(RMS)re 1μPa for EK,166-dB RMS re 1μPa for BV,165-dB RMS re 1μPa for AR,44-dB RMS re 1μPa for EN,respectively.The larvae were subject to 3-h classical music transmission every day during the entire larval development period.The result showed that BV and AR signifi cantly elevated the cumulative survival rate of the larva from 3.42%±1.77%(EN)to 10.65%±1.69%(BV)and 7.12%±1.37%(AR)respectively(P<0.05).Though music did not aff ect the cumulative development time of larvae from ZoeaⅠto ZoeaⅣ,it signifi cantly increased the molting rate of megalopa from 24.00%±11.78%(EN)to 44.00%±13.06%(AR)and 46.67%±10.50%(BV)(P<0.05).Musical exposure during critical growth intervals may contribute to the survival and development of larval crustaceans.From an application point of view,music intervention is much economically feasible.The observed music eff ects imply that music could further enhance growth,welfare,and production.展开更多
●AIM:To determine the teaching effects of a real-time three dimensional(3D)visualization system in the operating room for early-stage phacoemulsification training.●METHODS:A total of 10 ophthalmology residents of th...●AIM:To determine the teaching effects of a real-time three dimensional(3D)visualization system in the operating room for early-stage phacoemulsification training.●METHODS:A total of 10 ophthalmology residents of the first-year postgraduate were included.All the residents were novices to cataract surgery.Real-time cataract surgical observations were performed using a custom-built 3D visualization system.The training lasted 4wk(32h)in all.A modified International Council of Ophthalmology’s Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric(ICO-OSCAR)containing 4 specific steps of cataract surgery was applied.The self-assessment(self)and expert-assessment(expert)were performed through the microsurgical attempts in the wet lab for each participant.●RESULTS:Compared with pre-training assessments(self 3.2±0.8,expert 2.5±0.6),the overall mean scores of posttraining(self 5.2±0.4,expert 4.7±0.6)were significantly improved after real-time observation training of 3D visualization system(P<0.05).Scores of 4 surgical items were significantly improved both self and expert assessment after training(P<0.05).●CONCLUSION:The 3D observation training provides novice ophthalmic residents with a better understanding of intraocular microsurgical techniques.It is a useful tool to improve teaching efficiency of surgical education.展开更多
BACKGROUND Parathyroid carcinoma(PC)is a rare,slow-growing malignant tumor and a rare cause of primary hyperfunctioning of the parathyroid,with a highly variable clinical course,depending on the aggressiveness of the ...BACKGROUND Parathyroid carcinoma(PC)is a rare,slow-growing malignant tumor and a rare cause of primary hyperfunctioning of the parathyroid,with a highly variable clinical course,depending on the aggressiveness of the individual tumor and the degree of hypercalcemia.CASE SUMMARY The aim of this report is to summarize the diagnosis and treatment of three cases of PC and to review and conclude aspects regarding the three collected cases with reference to other relevant cases to explore the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of PC.All three patients had hypercalcemia,consisting of a high serum calcium level and a high level of parathyroid hormone that was>2-fold(even>30-fold)of the normal upper limit.The ultrasonographic findings of the parathyroid gland showed that the glands were all>30 mm,and the internal echo was uneven.All patients underwent surgery.PC in three cases was confirmed by routine histopathology and immunohistochemistry.CONCLUSION As clinical signs and laboratory results are nonspecific,it is difficult to diagnose PC preoperatively,so imaging examinations are often needed.展开更多
The single photon frequency conversion is investigated theoretically in the system composed of a V-type system chiral coupling to a pair of waveguides. The single photon scattering amplitudes are obtained using the re...The single photon frequency conversion is investigated theoretically in the system composed of a V-type system chiral coupling to a pair of waveguides. The single photon scattering amplitudes are obtained using the real-space Hamiltonian. The calculated results show that the probability of single photon frequency down-or up-conversion can reach a unit by choosing appropriate parameters in the non-dissipative system with perfect chiral coupling.We present a nonreciprocal single photon beam splitter whose frequency of the output photon is different from that of the input photon. The influences of dissipations and non-perfect chiral coupling on the single frequency conversion are also shown. Our results may be useful in designing quantum devices at the single-photon level.展开更多
Focal intraretinal alterations have been studied to advance our understanding of the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases.The current literature involving focal alterations in the intraretinal layers was reviewed t...Focal intraretinal alterations have been studied to advance our understanding of the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases.The current literature involving focal alterations in the intraretinal layers was reviewed through PubMed using the search terms“focal alteration”,“region of interest”,“optical coherence tomography”,“glaucoma”,“multiple sclerosis”,“Alzheimer’s disease”,“Parkinson disease”,“neurodegenerative diseases”and other related items.It was found that focal alterations of intraretinal layers were different in various neurodegenerative diseases.The typical focal thinning might help differentiate various ocular and cerebral diseases,track disease progression,and evaluate the outcome of clinical trials.Advanced exploration of focal intraretinal alterations will help to further validate their clinical and research utility.展开更多
To evaluate and predict the quality of carrots during logistics process in North China under extreme temperature conditions,quality indicator changes of carrots were investigated,and temperature-coupled quality predic...To evaluate and predict the quality of carrots during logistics process in North China under extreme temperature conditions,quality indicator changes of carrots were investigated,and temperature-coupled quality prediction models were developed.Seven temperatures were selected from meteorological temperature data by cluster analysis to simulate the changes in extreme temperatures during the short-term transportation of carrots.No carrots rotted during the 48h storage period.Under both isothermal and nonisothermal conditions,weight loss andΔE increased while the firmness and sensory evaluation(SE)decreased.The RBFNN performed better than the Arrhenius model in predicting weight loss andΔE,with R^(2)>0.97,MSE<0.009 and relative errors within±18%.The results of the predictive confidence level and standardized residual indicated the good performance of the RBFNN model.The temperature-coupled prediction models of RBFNN were promising candidates for predicting the quality of vegetable products and therefore reducing economic loss of vegetable industry.展开更多
Programmed cell death(PCD)is essential for animal and plant development.However,the knowledge of the mechanism regulating PCD in plants remains limited,largely due to technical limitations.Previously,we determined tha...Programmed cell death(PCD)is essential for animal and plant development.However,the knowledge of the mechanism regulating PCD in plants remains limited,largely due to technical limitations.Previously,we determined that the protease NtCP14 could trigger PCD in the embryonic suspensor of tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum),providing a unique opportunity to overcome the limitations by creating synchronous two-celled proembryos with ongoing PCD for transcriptome analysis and regulatory factor screening.Here,we performed comparative transcriptome analysis using isolated two-celled proembryos and explored the potential regulatory network underlying NtCP14-triggered PCD.Multiple phytohormones,calcium,microtubule organization,the immunity system,soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor proteins,long non-coding RNAs and alternative splicing are addressed as critical factors involved in the early stage of suspensor PCD.Genes thought to play crucial roles in suspensor PCD are highlighted.Notably,decreased antioxidant gene expression and increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels during suspensor PCD suggest a critical role for ROS signaling in the initiation of NtCP14-triggered PCD.Furthermore,five genes in the regulatory network are recommended as immediate downstream elements of NtCP14.Together,our analysis outlines an overall molecular network underlying protease-triggered PCD and provides a reliable database and valuable clues for targeting elements immediately downstream of NtCP14 to overcome technical bottlenecks and gain deep insight into the molecular mechanism regulating plant PCD.展开更多
Correction to:Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy(2022)7:1–13,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00870-3 In the original version of this article,given name of 4th author Yannan Jia was incorrectly published as Y...Correction to:Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy(2022)7:1–13,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00870-3 In the original version of this article,given name of 4th author Yannan Jia was incorrectly published as Yanan Jia.The original article has been corrected.Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,which permits use,sharing,adaptation,distribution and reproduction in any medium or format,as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s)and the source.展开更多
Crop breeding schemes can be significantly accelerated by using(doubled)haploid plants.In vivo haploid induction has been applied in plant breeding for decades but is still not available for all crops and genotypes,an...Crop breeding schemes can be significantly accelerated by using(doubled)haploid plants.In vivo haploid induction has been applied in plant breeding for decades but is still not available for all crops and genotypes,and haploidization rates are generally very low.Therefore,methodological improvements to and new concepts for haploidization are required.Here,we report a novel system for the induction of haploid plants by mutating genes encoding egg cell-specific aspartic endopeptidases(ECSs).We show that after successful sperm–egg cell fusion,ECSs play a critical role to ensure male and female nucleus fusion after fertilization.The ecs1 ecs2 double mutant can induce haploids by both selfing and hybridization in Arabidopsis and ECS mutation is also capable of producing haploids in rice.In summary,our study develops a novel approach for maternal haploidization and provides new insights into the molecular basis of fertilization.展开更多
The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies was shown to be associated with thrombosis in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients.Recently,according to reports from several studies,the vaccineinduced immune thrombo...The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies was shown to be associated with thrombosis in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients.Recently,according to reports from several studies,the vaccineinduced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia is mediated by anti-platelet factor 4(PF4)-polyanion complex in adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine recipients.It is impendent to explore whether inactivated COVID-19 vaccine widely used in China influences prothrombotic autoantibody production and induces thrombosis.In this prospective study,we recruited 406 healthcare workers who received two doses,21 days apart,of inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccine(BBIBP-CorV,Sinopharm).Paired blood samples taken before vaccination and four weeks after the second vaccination were used in detecting prothrombotic autoantibodies,including anticardiolipin(aCL),anti-b2 glycoprotein I(ab2GP1),anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin(aPS/PT),and anti-PF4-heparin.The seroconversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies was 95.81%(389/406)four weeks after vaccination.None of the subjects had spontaneous thrombosis or thrombocytopenia over a minimum follow-up period of eight weeks.There was no significant difference in the presence of all ten autoantibodies between samples collected before and after vaccination:for aCL,IgG(7 vs.8,P=0.76),IgM(41 vs.44,P=0.73),IgA(4 vs.4,P=1.00);anti-b2GP1,IgG(7 vs.6,P=0.78),IgM(6 vs.5,P=0.76),IgA(3 vs.5,P=0.72);aPS/PT IgG(0 vs.0,P=1.00),IgM(6 vs.5,P=0.76);aPF4-heparin(2 vs.7,P=0.18),and antinuclear antibody(ANA)(18 vs.21,P=0.62).Notably,seven cases presented with anti-PF4-heparin antibodies(range:1.18–1.79 U/mL)after vaccination,and none of them exhibited any sign of thrombotic disorder.In conclusion,inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine does not influence the profile of antiphospholipid antibody and anti-PF4-heparin antibody nor increase the risk of thrombosis.展开更多
As the most common form of dementia,Alzheimer's disease(AD)is characterized by progressive cognitive impairments and constitutes a major social burden.Currently,the invasiveness and high costs of tests have limite...As the most common form of dementia,Alzheimer's disease(AD)is characterized by progressive cognitive impairments and constitutes a major social burden.Currently,the invasiveness and high costs of tests have limited the early detection and intervention of the disease.As a unique window of the brain,retinal changes can reflect the pathology of the brain.In this review,we summarize current understanding of retinal structures in AD;mild cognitive impairment(MCI)and preclinical AD,focusing on neurodegeneration and microvascular changes measured using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)technologies.The literature suggests that the impairment of retinal microvascular network and neural microstructure exists in AD;MCI and even preclinical AD.These findings provide valuable insights into a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and demonstrate that retinal changes are potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of AD and monitoring of disease progression.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82370936,81920108012,81970903,and 82270959)the Jilin University Norman Bethune Program(No.2023B28)the Department of Finance of Jilin Province(No.jcsz2023481-37),China.
文摘Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva(FOP)is a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital bilateral malformation of the large toe and progressive,extensive,and irreversible heterotopic ossification(HO)of soft tissues throughout the body,leading to severe disabilities.FOP is caused primarily by mutations in activin A receptor type 1(ACVR1),also known as activin-like kinase 2(ALK2),which encodes a receptor belonging to the bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)type I family.However,the continuous and complex process of HO in FOP is not yet fully understood,which has impeded the development of therapeutic drugs.Despite surgical removal of HO,which often results in recurrence and expansion of ossification,there is currently no definitive drug treatment available to completely prevent,halt,or reverse the progression of HO in FOP.Currently,researchers are intensively studying the pathogenesis of FOP at various stages and developing promising drug candidates,including saracatinib,palovarotene,and rapamycin.This review provides an overview of progress in understanding the mechanism of FOP and the development of therapeutic drugs,with the goal of providing insights for further research and the development of new treatment methods.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21504092 and U1832177)One Hundred Person Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences+1 种基金Computing Center of Jilin ProvinceHenan Province Supercomputer Center for essential support
文摘A clear diagram for the unfolding of protein induced by denaturant is a classical but still unsolved challenge. To explore the unfolded conformations of ubiquitin under different urea concentrations, we performed hybrid Monte Carlo-molecular dynamics simulations (MC-MD) guided by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) structural information. Conformational ensembles sampled by the hybrid MC-MD algorithm exhibited typical 3D structures at different urea concentrations. These typical structures suggested that ubiquitin was subjected to a sequential unfolding, where the native contacts between adjacent β-sheets at first were disrupted together with the exposure of hydrophobic core, followed by the conversion of remaining β-strands and helices into random coils. Ubiquitin in 8 mol·L?1 urea is almost a random coil. With the disruption of native structure, urea molecules are enriched at protein hydrated layer to stabilize newly exposed residues. Compared with water, urea molecules prefer to form hydrogen bonds with the backbone of ubiquitin, thus occupying nodes of the hydrogen bonding network that construct the secondary structure of proteins. Meanwhile, we also found that the slow dynamics of urea molecules was almost unchanged while the dynamics of water was accelerated in the hydration shell when more residues were unfolded and exposed. The former was also responsible for the stabilization of unfolded structures.
文摘Single instruction multiple data （SIMD） instructions are often implemented in modem media processors. Although SIMD instructions are useful in multimedia applications, most compilers do not have good support for SIMD instructions. This paper focuses on SIMD instructions generation for media processors. We present an efficient code optimization approach that is integrated into a retargetable C compiler. SIMD instructions are generated by finding and combining the same operations in programs. Experimental results for the UltraSPARC VIS instruction set show that a speedup factor up to 2.639 is obtained.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.1130134211226282)Shanghai Special Research Fund for Training College’s Young Teachers(Grant No.ZZlx13001)
文摘An orthogonal array of strength t, degree k, order v and index λ, denoted by OAλ（t,k,v）, is a λv^t × k array on a v symbol set such that each λv^t× t subarray contains each t-tuple exactly λ times. An OAλ（t, k,v） is called simple and denoted by SOAλ（t,k,v） if it contains no repeated rows. In this paper, it is proved that the necessary conditions for the existence of an SOAλ（3, 5, v） with λ ≥ 2 are also sufficient with possible exceptions where v = 6 and ）, λ ∈（3, 7, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 29, 33}.
基金Supported by the‘Automotive Glazing Application in Intelligent Cockpit Human-Machine Interface’project(SKHX2021049)a collaboration between the Saint-Go Bain Research and the Beijing Normal University。
文摘Background With an increasing number of vehicles becoming autonomous,intelligent,and connected,paying attention to the future usage of car human-machine interface with these vehicles should become more relevant.Several studies have addressed car HMI but were less attentive to designing and implementing interactive glazing for every day(autonomous)driving contexts.Methods Reflecting on the literature,we describe an engineering psychology practice and the design of six novel future user scenarios,which envision the application of a specific set of augmented reality(AR)support user interactions.Additionally,we conduct evaluations on specific scenarios and experiential prototypes,which reveal that these AR scenarios aid the target user groups in experiencing a new type of interaction.The overall evaluation is positive with valuable assessment results and suggestions.Conclusions This study can interest applied psychology educators who aspire to teach how AR can be operationalized in a human-centered design process to students with minimal pre-existing expertise or minimal scientific knowledge in engineering psychology.
文摘AIM： To compare and calculate the 3-year refractive results, higher-order aberrations （HOAs）, contrast sensitivity （CS） and dry eye parameters after small incision lenticule extraction （SMILE） and wavefront-guided femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis （FS-LASIK） for correction of high myopia and myopic astigmatism. METHODS： In this prospective, non-randomized comparative study, 78 eyes with spherical equivalent （SE） of -8.11±1.09 diopters （D） received a SMILE surgery, and 65 eyes with SE of -8.05±1.12 D received a wavefront-guided FS-LASIK surgery with the VisuMax femtosecond laser （Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany） for flap cutting. Visual acuity, manifest refraction, CS, HOAs, ocular surface disease index （OSDI） and tear break-up time （TBUT） were evaluated during a 3-year follow-up. RESULTS： The difference of uncorrected distance visual acuity （UDVA） postoperatively was achieved at lmo and at 3mo, whereas the difference of the mean UDVA between two groups at 3y were not statistically significant （t=-1.59, P=-0.13）. The postoperative change of SE was 0.89 D in the FS-LASIK group （t=5.76, P=0.00）, and 0.14 D in the SMILE group （t=-0.54, P=0.59） from lmo to 3y after surgery. At 3-year postoperatively, both HOAs and spherical aberrations in the SMILE group were obviously less than those in the FS-LASIK group （P=0.00）, but the coma root mean square （RMS） was higher in the SMILE group （0.59±0.26） than in the FS-LASIK group （0.29±0.14, P=0.00）. The mesopic CS values between two groups were not statistically significant at 3y postoperatively. Compared with the FS-LASIK group, lower OSDI scores and longer TBUT values were found in the SMILE group at Imo and 3mo postoperatively. With regard to safety, no eye lost any line of CDVA in both groups at 3y after surgery. CONCLUSION： Both SMILE and wavefront-guided FS- LASIK procedures provide good visual outcomes. Both procedures are effective and safe, but SMILE surgery achieve more stable long-term refractive outcome and better control of early postoperative dry eye as compared to FS-LASIK.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 21374117 and 21774128)Major State Basic Research Development Program(No.2015CB655302)+1 种基金Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences (No. QYZDY-SSW-SLH027)One Hundred Person Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Electrospun fiber mats (EFM) integrated proteins and biocompatible polymers have been widely used as tissue scaffold, wound dressing and food packaging. The morphology of EFM has strong correlation with the structure and rheology of the solutions. We studied the structure and rheology of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and zein in 80% ethanol aqueous solutions and the resulted EFM. In solutions, zein with rod-like conformation tends to aggregate and form oligomer, the number of proteins in the oligomer spans from 2.5 to 55.2, while PEO always behaves like Gaussian chain in good solvent. Zein preferred to distribute along PEO chains in their mixed solutions, and the structures decomposed from small angle X-ray scattering have consistent relaxation spatial-temporal characteristics with rheological behaviors.Further, the aging of zein solutions enhanced shear thinning and resulted thicker fibers in EFM, which are attributed to the rod-like growth of zein aggregates. Aggregates in viscous media with long enough relaxation time are probably crucial for the formation of continuous electrospun fibers or ribbons. This study provides a clear correlation of the structure, rheology of solutions with the morphologies of EFM made up of proteins and polymers.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41776164,31972783)the Public Welfare Applied Research Project of Zhejiang Province(No.LGN19C190008)+2 种基金the Ministry of Agriculture of China&China Agriculture Research System(No.CARS-48)the Major Agriculture Program of Ningbo(No.2017C110007)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University。
文摘The sound stimulus has a signifi cant impact on marine animals.However,many studies have focused on the negative impacts of sound on marine vertebrates.The positive impacts of sound on marine animals,especially on marine invertebrates,were rarely studied.In the present study,we evaluated the eff ects of music on the survival and development of an economically important marine invertebrate,swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus.Three pieces of classical music and a control group,i.e.,Eine Kleine Nachtmusik by Mozart(EK),Bach-Violin Concerto No.1(BV),Anonymous Romanza by Anonymous(AR),and environmental sound(EN)were used.The sound pressure received were 163-dB root mean square(RMS)re 1μPa for EK,166-dB RMS re 1μPa for BV,165-dB RMS re 1μPa for AR,44-dB RMS re 1μPa for EN,respectively.The larvae were subject to 3-h classical music transmission every day during the entire larval development period.The result showed that BV and AR signifi cantly elevated the cumulative survival rate of the larva from 3.42%±1.77%(EN)to 10.65%±1.69%(BV)and 7.12%±1.37%(AR)respectively(P<0.05).Though music did not aff ect the cumulative development time of larvae from ZoeaⅠto ZoeaⅣ,it signifi cantly increased the molting rate of megalopa from 24.00%±11.78%(EN)to 44.00%±13.06%(AR)and 46.67%±10.50%(BV)(P<0.05).Musical exposure during critical growth intervals may contribute to the survival and development of larval crustaceans.From an application point of view,music intervention is much economically feasible.The observed music eff ects imply that music could further enhance growth,welfare,and production.
基金Supported by research grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFE0204400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82271042+1 种基金No.52203191)the Zhejiang Province Key Research and Development Program(No.2023C03090).
文摘●AIM:To determine the teaching effects of a real-time three dimensional(3D)visualization system in the operating room for early-stage phacoemulsification training.●METHODS:A total of 10 ophthalmology residents of the first-year postgraduate were included.All the residents were novices to cataract surgery.Real-time cataract surgical observations were performed using a custom-built 3D visualization system.The training lasted 4wk(32h)in all.A modified International Council of Ophthalmology’s Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric(ICO-OSCAR)containing 4 specific steps of cataract surgery was applied.The self-assessment(self)and expert-assessment(expert)were performed through the microsurgical attempts in the wet lab for each participant.●RESULTS:Compared with pre-training assessments(self 3.2±0.8,expert 2.5±0.6),the overall mean scores of posttraining(self 5.2±0.4,expert 4.7±0.6)were significantly improved after real-time observation training of 3D visualization system(P<0.05).Scores of 4 surgical items were significantly improved both self and expert assessment after training(P<0.05).●CONCLUSION:The 3D observation training provides novice ophthalmic residents with a better understanding of intraocular microsurgical techniques.It is a useful tool to improve teaching efficiency of surgical education.
文摘BACKGROUND Parathyroid carcinoma(PC)is a rare,slow-growing malignant tumor and a rare cause of primary hyperfunctioning of the parathyroid,with a highly variable clinical course,depending on the aggressiveness of the individual tumor and the degree of hypercalcemia.CASE SUMMARY The aim of this report is to summarize the diagnosis and treatment of three cases of PC and to review and conclude aspects regarding the three collected cases with reference to other relevant cases to explore the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of PC.All three patients had hypercalcemia,consisting of a high serum calcium level and a high level of parathyroid hormone that was>2-fold(even>30-fold)of the normal upper limit.The ultrasonographic findings of the parathyroid gland showed that the glands were all>30 mm,and the internal echo was uneven.All patients underwent surgery.PC in three cases was confirmed by routine histopathology and immunohistochemistry.CONCLUSION As clinical signs and laboratory results are nonspecific,it is difficult to diagnose PC preoperatively,so imaging examinations are often needed.
基金Supported by the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grant No 1608085MA09the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11774262,61675006,11474003 and 61472282
文摘The single photon frequency conversion is investigated theoretically in the system composed of a V-type system chiral coupling to a pair of waveguides. The single photon scattering amplitudes are obtained using the real-space Hamiltonian. The calculated results show that the probability of single photon frequency down-or up-conversion can reach a unit by choosing appropriate parameters in the non-dissipative system with perfect chiral coupling.We present a nonreciprocal single photon beam splitter whose frequency of the output photon is different from that of the input photon. The influences of dissipations and non-perfect chiral coupling on the single frequency conversion are also shown. Our results may be useful in designing quantum devices at the single-photon level.
基金The work was supported by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society(RG-1506-04890)NIH Center Grant P30 EY014801,NINDS 1R01NS111115-01(Wang)a grant from Research to Prevent Blindness(RPB).
文摘Focal intraretinal alterations have been studied to advance our understanding of the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases.The current literature involving focal alterations in the intraretinal layers was reviewed through PubMed using the search terms“focal alteration”,“region of interest”,“optical coherence tomography”,“glaucoma”,“multiple sclerosis”,“Alzheimer’s disease”,“Parkinson disease”,“neurodegenerative diseases”and other related items.It was found that focal alterations of intraretinal layers were different in various neurodegenerative diseases.The typical focal thinning might help differentiate various ocular and cerebral diseases,track disease progression,and evaluate the outcome of clinical trials.Advanced exploration of focal intraretinal alterations will help to further validate their clinical and research utility.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:3207150985)。
文摘To evaluate and predict the quality of carrots during logistics process in North China under extreme temperature conditions,quality indicator changes of carrots were investigated,and temperature-coupled quality prediction models were developed.Seven temperatures were selected from meteorological temperature data by cluster analysis to simulate the changes in extreme temperatures during the short-term transportation of carrots.No carrots rotted during the 48h storage period.Under both isothermal and nonisothermal conditions,weight loss andΔE increased while the firmness and sensory evaluation(SE)decreased.The RBFNN performed better than the Arrhenius model in predicting weight loss andΔE,with R^(2)>0.97,MSE<0.009 and relative errors within±18%.The results of the predictive confidence level and standardized residual indicated the good performance of the RBFNN model.The temperature-coupled prediction models of RBFNN were promising candidates for predicting the quality of vegetable products and therefore reducing economic loss of vegetable industry.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31700281,32000248,32130031)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(BX20200256,2020M682466)。
文摘Programmed cell death(PCD)is essential for animal and plant development.However,the knowledge of the mechanism regulating PCD in plants remains limited,largely due to technical limitations.Previously,we determined that the protease NtCP14 could trigger PCD in the embryonic suspensor of tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum),providing a unique opportunity to overcome the limitations by creating synchronous two-celled proembryos with ongoing PCD for transcriptome analysis and regulatory factor screening.Here,we performed comparative transcriptome analysis using isolated two-celled proembryos and explored the potential regulatory network underlying NtCP14-triggered PCD.Multiple phytohormones,calcium,microtubule organization,the immunity system,soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor proteins,long non-coding RNAs and alternative splicing are addressed as critical factors involved in the early stage of suspensor PCD.Genes thought to play crucial roles in suspensor PCD are highlighted.Notably,decreased antioxidant gene expression and increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels during suspensor PCD suggest a critical role for ROS signaling in the initiation of NtCP14-triggered PCD.Furthermore,five genes in the regulatory network are recommended as immediate downstream elements of NtCP14.Together,our analysis outlines an overall molecular network underlying protease-triggered PCD and provides a reliable database and valuable clues for targeting elements immediately downstream of NtCP14 to overcome technical bottlenecks and gain deep insight into the molecular mechanism regulating plant PCD.
文摘Correction to:Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy(2022)7:1–13,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00870-3 In the original version of this article,given name of 4th author Yannan Jia was incorrectly published as Yanan Jia.The original article has been corrected.Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,which permits use,sharing,adaptation,distribution and reproduction in any medium or format,as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s)and the source.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 32130031 and 32000248)the Major Project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2022hszd017)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grants 2021M702525 and BX20200256).
文摘Crop breeding schemes can be significantly accelerated by using(doubled)haploid plants.In vivo haploid induction has been applied in plant breeding for decades but is still not available for all crops and genotypes,and haploidization rates are generally very low.Therefore,methodological improvements to and new concepts for haploidization are required.Here,we report a novel system for the induction of haploid plants by mutating genes encoding egg cell-specific aspartic endopeptidases(ECSs).We show that after successful sperm–egg cell fusion,ECSs play a critical role to ensure male and female nucleus fusion after fertilization.The ecs1 ecs2 double mutant can induce haploids by both selfing and hybridization in Arabidopsis and ECS mutation is also capable of producing haploids in rice.In summary,our study develops a novel approach for maternal haploidization and provides new insights into the molecular basis of fertilization.
基金supported by the Cultivation Project of Shanghai Major Infectious Disease Research Base(20dz2210500)the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention,Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases(20dz2261100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81671589 and 81871272).
文摘The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies was shown to be associated with thrombosis in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients.Recently,according to reports from several studies,the vaccineinduced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia is mediated by anti-platelet factor 4(PF4)-polyanion complex in adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine recipients.It is impendent to explore whether inactivated COVID-19 vaccine widely used in China influences prothrombotic autoantibody production and induces thrombosis.In this prospective study,we recruited 406 healthcare workers who received two doses,21 days apart,of inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccine(BBIBP-CorV,Sinopharm).Paired blood samples taken before vaccination and four weeks after the second vaccination were used in detecting prothrombotic autoantibodies,including anticardiolipin(aCL),anti-b2 glycoprotein I(ab2GP1),anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin(aPS/PT),and anti-PF4-heparin.The seroconversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies was 95.81%(389/406)four weeks after vaccination.None of the subjects had spontaneous thrombosis or thrombocytopenia over a minimum follow-up period of eight weeks.There was no significant difference in the presence of all ten autoantibodies between samples collected before and after vaccination:for aCL,IgG(7 vs.8,P=0.76),IgM(41 vs.44,P=0.73),IgA(4 vs.4,P=1.00);anti-b2GP1,IgG(7 vs.6,P=0.78),IgM(6 vs.5,P=0.76),IgA(3 vs.5,P=0.72);aPS/PT IgG(0 vs.0,P=1.00),IgM(6 vs.5,P=0.76);aPF4-heparin(2 vs.7,P=0.18),and antinuclear antibody(ANA)(18 vs.21,P=0.62).Notably,seven cases presented with anti-PF4-heparin antibodies(range:1.18–1.79 U/mL)after vaccination,and none of them exhibited any sign of thrombotic disorder.In conclusion,inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine does not influence the profile of antiphospholipid antibody and anti-PF4-heparin antibody nor increase the risk of thrombosis.
文摘As the most common form of dementia,Alzheimer's disease(AD)is characterized by progressive cognitive impairments and constitutes a major social burden.Currently,the invasiveness and high costs of tests have limited the early detection and intervention of the disease.As a unique window of the brain,retinal changes can reflect the pathology of the brain.In this review,we summarize current understanding of retinal structures in AD;mild cognitive impairment(MCI)and preclinical AD,focusing on neurodegeneration and microvascular changes measured using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)technologies.The literature suggests that the impairment of retinal microvascular network and neural microstructure exists in AD;MCI and even preclinical AD.These findings provide valuable insights into a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and demonstrate that retinal changes are potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of AD and monitoring of disease progression.
