BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)in adolescents is a strong predictor of suicide and a significant mental health problem worldwide.Previous studies have identified various risk factors for NSSI.However,studies...BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)in adolescents is a strong predictor of suicide and a significant mental health problem worldwide.Previous studies have identified various risk factors for NSSI.However,studies have not explored the association between inflammatory factors and NSSI in adolescents.AIM To investigate inflammatory marker changes post-antidepressant treatment and their association with suicide risk in NSSI adolescents.METHODS The study enrolled 68 adolescents with NSSI behaviors.The participants were divided into high and low suicide risk groups(n=38 and n=30,respectively)based on their scores on the Suicide Risk Factors Assessment Scale.Symptom severity was assessed at baseline and after six weeks of treatment.Blood samples were obtained to monitor for inflammatory factors.RESULTS The high suicide risk group exhibited higher levels of interferon(IFN)-αand interleukin(IL)-10 than the low suicide risk group.Scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale,Hamilton Depression Rating Scale,and Insomnia Severity Index decreased significantly post-treatment.Tumor necrosis factor-α,IL-10,IL-6,IL-1,and IL-12 levels decreased,whereas IFN-γ,IL-4,and IFN-αlevels increased.IL-10 levels were correlated with the severity of suicide risk factors.CONCLUSION Adolescents with NSSI exhibit distinct inflammatory markers based on suicide risk,which change following treatment.Moreover,IL-10 levels are associated with suicide risk.These biomarkers may help assess suicide risk in clinical settings.展开更多
BACKGROUND The characteristics of cerebral hemodynamic indexes of patients with different types of auditory verbal hallucinations(AVHs)was not clear.AIM To explore the characteristics of cerebral hemodynamic indexes o...BACKGROUND The characteristics of cerebral hemodynamic indexes of patients with different types of auditory verbal hallucinations(AVHs)was not clear.AIM To explore the characteristics of cerebral hemodynamic indexes of patients with different types of AVHs and construct the risk nomogram prediction model of patients with different types of AVHs.METHODS Patients with different types of verbal hallucinations who visited Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital were retrospectively selected from March 2021 to March 2023,and these patients were classified into 117 cases of schizophrenia(SCZ)with AVHs,108 cases of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)with AVHs,and 105 cases of recurrent depressive disorder with AVHs according to type.Transcranial doppler was performed to measure the hemodynamic parameters of the anterior cerebral artery(ACA),middle cerebral artery(MCA),posterior cerebral artery(PCA),basilar artery(BA)and vertebral artery(VA).Logistic regression modelling was used to explore the factors affecting patients with different types of AVHs and odds ratio,95%confidence interval(CI).A clinical prediction model was constructed,and the efficacy of the clinical prediction model was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic,Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit test,calibration curves and decision curve analysis.RESULTS The differences between the three groups of patients in mean velocity(Vm)-MCA,end-diastolic velocity(Vd)-MCA,Vm-ACA,pulsatility index(PI)-ACA,Vm-PCA,peak systolic velocity(Vs)-PCA,Vd-PCA,Vm-BA,Vs-BA,Vd-BA,PI-BA,resistance index(RI)-BA,Vm-VA,Vs-VA,Vd-VA,PI-VA,and RI-VA indexes were statistically significant.Rising Vm-ACA is an independent risk factor for SCZ with AVHs,and falling Vm-VA,Vd-MCA,and Vd-VA are independent risk factors for SCZ with AVHs.Rising Vm-ACA,Vm-PCA,Vs-PCA,Vd-PCA,Vm-BA,and Vs-BA are independent risk factors for PTSD with AVHs,and Vm-MCA,Vs-MCA,Vd-MCA,PI-PCA,and RIBA are independent protective factors for PTSD with AVHs.Elevated Vm-MCA,Vd-MCA,RI-BA,Vm-VA,and Vd-VA were independent risk factors,and elevated Vm-ACA,Vs-ACA,Vm-PCA,Vs-PCA,and Vd-PCA were independent protective factors.The areas under the curve of the three models were 0.82(95%CI:0.76-0.87),0.88(95%CI:0.83-0.92),and 0.81(95%CI:0.77-0.86),respectively;the Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit test of the calibration curves of the three models suggests that P>0.05.CONCLUSION Monitoring the cerebral hemodynamic indexes of patients with AVHs is of practical significance in determining the type of mental disorder,which helps clinicians identify the type of AVHs and adopt more efficient treatment strategies to help patients recover.展开更多
To test the hypothesis that the variance of incubation temperature may have constituted a significant selective force for reptilian viviparity, we incubated eggs of the slender forest skink Scincella modesta in five t...To test the hypothesis that the variance of incubation temperature may have constituted a significant selective force for reptilian viviparity, we incubated eggs of the slender forest skink Scincella modesta in five thermally different natural nests and at two constant temperatures （18℃ and 21 ℃）. Our manipulation of incubation temperature had significant effects on incubation length and several hatchling traits （snout-vent length, tail length, fore-limb length, and sprint speed）, but not on hatching success and other hatchling traits examined （body mass, head size, and hind-limb length）. Incubation length was nonlinearly sensitive to temperature, but it was not correlated with the thermal variance when holding the thermal mean constant. The 18 ℃ treatment not only produced smaller sized hatchlings but also resulted in decreased sprint speed. Eggs in the nest with the greatest proportion of temperatures higher than 28 ℃ also produced smaller sized hatchlings. None of the hatchling traits examined was affected by the thermal variance. Thermal fluctuations did result in longer incubation times, but females would benefit little from maintaining stable body temperatures or selecting thermally stable nests in terms of the reduced incubation length. Our data show that the mean rather than the variance of temperatures has a key role in influencing incubation length and hatchling phenotypes, and thus do not support the hypothesis tested .展开更多
Abstract We collected gravid gray rat snakes Ptyas korros from three geographically distinct populations in China, Chenzhou （CZ）, Jiangshan （JS） and Dinghai （DH）, to study geographical variation in female reprod...Abstract We collected gravid gray rat snakes Ptyas korros from three geographically distinct populations in China, Chenzhou （CZ）, Jiangshan （JS） and Dinghai （DH）, to study geographical variation in female reproductive traits. Egg-laying dates differed among the three populations such that at the most northern latitude egg-laying was latest, and earliest at the most southern latitutde. Clutch size, clutch mass, egg mass, egg shape, within clutch variability in egg sizes and relative clutch mass differed among the three populations, whereas post-oviposition body mass did not. Except for egg-laying date, none of the traits examined varied in a geographically continuous trend. CZ and DH females, although separated by a distance of approximately 1100 km as the crow flies, were similar in nearly all traits examined. JS females were distinguished from CZ and DH females by their higher fecundity （clutch size）, greater reproductive output （clutch mass） and more rounded eggs. Our data do not validate the prediction that larger offspring should be produced in colder localities. The absence of an egg size-number trade-off in each of the three populations presumably suggests that P. korros is among species where eggs are well optimized for size within a population.展开更多
[Objectives]To study the variation in main chemical composition of Blumea balsamifera in different growth stages,and to provide a theoretical basis to determine appropriate harvest period.[Methods]The l-borneol of the...[Objectives]To study the variation in main chemical composition of Blumea balsamifera in different growth stages,and to provide a theoretical basis to determine appropriate harvest period.[Methods]The l-borneol of the plant was determined by gas chromatography( GC)with methyl salicylate as internal standard,and total flavonoids were determined by the Aluminum nitrate colorimetry method of Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometry. The analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis of the l-borneol and total flavonoids of B. balsamifera in different months and different plant age.[Results]There were differences in chemical ingredients of B. balsamifera in different months of the year.The content of l-borneol in October was the highest,but there was no significant difference from August to December in l-borneol content( P >0. 05). l-borneol content of B. balsamifera in three ages was the highest compared with other ages,and there was a significant difference with B. balsamifera in one year or less( P < 0. 05). Relatively speaking,total flavonoids in June,August and November were higher; total flavonoids content of B. balsamifera in two ages was the highest compared with other ages,and there was a significant difference with other ages( P <0. 05).[Conclusions]If l-borneol is taken as an indicator,for extracting Aipan( l-borneol),it can be harvested from September to midDecember,but October is the best. And it can be harvested at least three years. If the content of total flavonoids is taken as an indicator,it should be harvested in November. And it can be harvested 2-3 years.展开更多
Background：Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） and event-related potentials （ERPs） are a noninvasive technique that widely used in neurophysiological field.Although rTMS has shown clinical utility...Background：Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） and event-related potentials （ERPs） are a noninvasive technique that widely used in neurophysiological field.Although rTMS has shown clinical utility for a number of neurological conditions,Recently,there was little understanding of the the efficacy ofrYMS on Schizophrenia（SZ） and the change of ERP between before and after rTMS treatment.The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of N400,mismatch negativity （MMN）,and P300 before and after treatment with rTMS in SZ.Methods：One hundred and twenty-seven SZ patients hospitalized in Shanghai Mental Health Center from March 2015 to July 2017,divided into two groups （85 patients were recruited as rTMS group and 42 were recruited as sham rTMS [ShrTMS] group） and 76 normal controls （NCs） who were the staff and refresher staff in our hospital were recruited at the same time.A Chinese-made rTMS and a Runjie W J-1 ERPs instrument were used in the present experiment.N400 was elicited by congruent and noncongruent Chinese idioms.After rTMS treatment,N400,P300,and MMN characteristics were compared with those before treatment and NC group.Results：Compared with NC,the SZ patients exhibited delays in N400,P300,and MMN latency and decreased N400,P300,and MMN amplitudes in their frontal area （P 〈 0.05）.After 25 rTMS treatments,N400 amplitudes in the frontal area （elicited by idioms with same phonic and different shape and meaning and with different phonic,shape,and meaning） were increased in the SZ patients （P 〈 0.05）.However,there was no significant change in N400 before and after treatment with ShrTMS in SZ patients （P 〉 0.05）.Amplitudes for MMN and target P300 also increased in SZ patients after rTMS treatment （P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions：Based on our preliminary findings,we believe that the combined usage of N400,MMN,and P300 could be a valuable index and an electrophysiological reference in evaluating the effects ofrTMS treatment in SZ patients.展开更多
Background：Risperidone and paliperidone have been the mainstay treatment for schizophrenia and their potential role in neuroprotection could be associated with brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） and N400 （an...Background：Risperidone and paliperidone have been the mainstay treatment for schizophrenia and their potential role in neuroprotection could be associated with brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） and N400 （an event-related brain potential component）.So far,different effects on both BDNF and N400 were reported in relation to various antipsychotic treatments.However,few studies have been conducted on the mechanism ofrisperidone and paliperidone on BDNF and N400.This study aimed to compare the effects ofrisperidone and paliperidone on BDNF and the N400 component of the event-related brain potential in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Methods：Ninety-eight patients with first-episode schizophrenia were randomly divided into the risperidone and paliperidone groups and treated with risperidone and paliperidone,respectively,for 12 weeks.Serum BDNF level,the latency,and amplitude of the N400 event-related potential before and after the treatment and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS） scores were compared between the two groups.Results：A total of 94 patients were included in the final analysis （47 patients in each group）.After the treatment,the serum BDNF levels in both groups increased （all P 〈 0.01）,while no significant difference in serum BDNF level was found between the groups before and after the treatment （all P 〉 0.05）.After the treatment,N400 amplitudes were increased （from 4.73 ± 2.86 μv and 4.51 ± 4.63 μv to 5.35 ± 4.18 μv and 5.52 ± 3.08 μv,respectively） under congruent condition in both risperidone and paliperidone groups （all P 〈 0.01）.Under incongruent conditions,the N400 latencies were shortened in the paliperidone group （from 424.13 ± 110.42 ms to 4.7.41 ± 154.59 ms,P 〈 0.05）,and the N400 amplitudes were increased in the risperidone group （from 5.80 ± 3.50 μv to 7.17 ± 5.51 μv,P 〈 0.01）.After treatment,the total PANSS score in both groups decreased significantly （all P 〈 0.01）,but the difference between the groups was not significant （P 〉 0.05）.A negative correlation between the reduction rate of the PANSS score and the increase in serum BDNF level after the treatment was found in the paliperidone group but not in the risperidone group.Conclusions：Both risperidone and paliperidone could increase the serum BDNF levels in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and improve their cognitive function （N400 latency and amplitude）,but their antipsychotic mechanisms might differ.展开更多
To the Editor:Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are experienced concomitantly with various neuropsychiatric diagnoses including schizophrenia,bipolar disorder,major depression disorder,post-traumatic stress disord...To the Editor:Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are experienced concomitantly with various neuropsychiatric diagnoses including schizophrenia,bipolar disorder,major depression disorder,post-traumatic stress disorder,and borderline personality disorder.展开更多
Numerous studies have identified many specific structural alterations in the brains of patients with schizophrenia and depression. Schizophrenia is associated with gray matter volume (GMV) impairment in certain key br...Numerous studies have identified many specific structural alterations in the brains of patients with schizophrenia and depression. Schizophrenia is associated with gray matter volume (GMV) impairment in certain key brain regions, which progresses in the first 2-3 years after the first episode of schizophrenic symptoms,m Schizophrenia has also been shown to be associated with concurrent white matter (WM) alterations. The fasciculus uncinatus and arcuate fasciculus have been proposed to be a part of the quality index for schizophrenia.12j Similar to schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with a GMV reduction and aberrant WM. GMV reductions in the bilateral middle temporal gyrus left ventral medial prefrontal gyrus, left lingual gyms, and dorsal medial prefrontal gyrus have been correlated with the severity of the depressive symptoms. Schizophrenic and depressive symptoms usually coexist in schizophrenia and MDD. In this pilot study, we compared the GMV and WM differences in the brains of chronic schizophrenia patients with depressive symptoms with those of chronic depression patients with psychotic symptoms.展开更多
As a multifunctional fluorescent nanomaterial, carbon dots (CDs) not only have small size, stable chemical properties, excellent photoluminescence characteristics, but also exhibit good biocompatibility and low toxici...As a multifunctional fluorescent nanomaterial, carbon dots (CDs) not only have small size, stable chemical properties, excellent photoluminescence characteristics, but also exhibit good biocompatibility and low toxicity. It has attracted considerable attention in the field of nanotechnology and biological science. CDs contain abundant functional groups on the surface, which not only retain part of the properties of raw materials, but also may have new photoelectric, catalytic, biomedical, and other functions. In this review, we systematically summarize the synthesis methods, modifications, optical properties, and main biological functions of CDs in recent years. The application of functionalized modified CDs in biological detection, biological imaging, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, targeted therapy, drug delivery, gene delivery, protein delivery, and other biomedical fields is introduced. The latest progress of CDs with its own biomedical function in antioxidant, anti-pathogen, and disease treatment is summarized. Finally, we discuss some problems in the practical application of CDs and look forward to the future development trend of self-functional CDs combined with surface modification to achieve multimodal treatment of diseases.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province,No.2022SF526 and No.2022SF509the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82301737.
文摘BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)in adolescents is a strong predictor of suicide and a significant mental health problem worldwide.Previous studies have identified various risk factors for NSSI.However,studies have not explored the association between inflammatory factors and NSSI in adolescents.AIM To investigate inflammatory marker changes post-antidepressant treatment and their association with suicide risk in NSSI adolescents.METHODS The study enrolled 68 adolescents with NSSI behaviors.The participants were divided into high and low suicide risk groups(n=38 and n=30,respectively)based on their scores on the Suicide Risk Factors Assessment Scale.Symptom severity was assessed at baseline and after six weeks of treatment.Blood samples were obtained to monitor for inflammatory factors.RESULTS The high suicide risk group exhibited higher levels of interferon(IFN)-αand interleukin(IL)-10 than the low suicide risk group.Scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale,Hamilton Depression Rating Scale,and Insomnia Severity Index decreased significantly post-treatment.Tumor necrosis factor-α,IL-10,IL-6,IL-1,and IL-12 levels decreased,whereas IFN-γ,IL-4,and IFN-αlevels increased.IL-10 levels were correlated with the severity of suicide risk factors.CONCLUSION Adolescents with NSSI exhibit distinct inflammatory markers based on suicide risk,which change following treatment.Moreover,IL-10 levels are associated with suicide risk.These biomarkers may help assess suicide risk in clinical settings.
文摘BACKGROUND The characteristics of cerebral hemodynamic indexes of patients with different types of auditory verbal hallucinations(AVHs)was not clear.AIM To explore the characteristics of cerebral hemodynamic indexes of patients with different types of AVHs and construct the risk nomogram prediction model of patients with different types of AVHs.METHODS Patients with different types of verbal hallucinations who visited Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital were retrospectively selected from March 2021 to March 2023,and these patients were classified into 117 cases of schizophrenia(SCZ)with AVHs,108 cases of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)with AVHs,and 105 cases of recurrent depressive disorder with AVHs according to type.Transcranial doppler was performed to measure the hemodynamic parameters of the anterior cerebral artery(ACA),middle cerebral artery(MCA),posterior cerebral artery(PCA),basilar artery(BA)and vertebral artery(VA).Logistic regression modelling was used to explore the factors affecting patients with different types of AVHs and odds ratio,95%confidence interval(CI).A clinical prediction model was constructed,and the efficacy of the clinical prediction model was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic,Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit test,calibration curves and decision curve analysis.RESULTS The differences between the three groups of patients in mean velocity(Vm)-MCA,end-diastolic velocity(Vd)-MCA,Vm-ACA,pulsatility index(PI)-ACA,Vm-PCA,peak systolic velocity(Vs)-PCA,Vd-PCA,Vm-BA,Vs-BA,Vd-BA,PI-BA,resistance index(RI)-BA,Vm-VA,Vs-VA,Vd-VA,PI-VA,and RI-VA indexes were statistically significant.Rising Vm-ACA is an independent risk factor for SCZ with AVHs,and falling Vm-VA,Vd-MCA,and Vd-VA are independent risk factors for SCZ with AVHs.Rising Vm-ACA,Vm-PCA,Vs-PCA,Vd-PCA,Vm-BA,and Vs-BA are independent risk factors for PTSD with AVHs,and Vm-MCA,Vs-MCA,Vd-MCA,PI-PCA,and RIBA are independent protective factors for PTSD with AVHs.Elevated Vm-MCA,Vd-MCA,RI-BA,Vm-VA,and Vd-VA were independent risk factors,and elevated Vm-ACA,Vs-ACA,Vm-PCA,Vs-PCA,and Vd-PCA were independent protective factors.The areas under the curve of the three models were 0.82(95%CI:0.76-0.87),0.88(95%CI:0.83-0.92),and 0.81(95%CI:0.77-0.86),respectively;the Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit test of the calibration curves of the three models suggests that P>0.05.CONCLUSION Monitoring the cerebral hemodynamic indexes of patients with AVHs is of practical significance in determining the type of mental disorder,which helps clinicians identify the type of AVHs and adopt more efficient treatment strategies to help patients recover.
基金The work was carried out in compliance with the current laws of China, and was supported by grant from Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions to Ji＇s group, the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China （Project No. llKJB180004）, Jiangsu Provincial Foundation of Natural Science （No. BK2012849） and the Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 31070339）. We would like to thank Long-Hui Lin, Jian-Fang Gao, Lai-Gao Luo andYan-Fu Qu for their assistance both in the field and in the laboratory.
文摘To test the hypothesis that the variance of incubation temperature may have constituted a significant selective force for reptilian viviparity, we incubated eggs of the slender forest skink Scincella modesta in five thermally different natural nests and at two constant temperatures （18℃ and 21 ℃）. Our manipulation of incubation temperature had significant effects on incubation length and several hatchling traits （snout-vent length, tail length, fore-limb length, and sprint speed）, but not on hatching success and other hatchling traits examined （body mass, head size, and hind-limb length）. Incubation length was nonlinearly sensitive to temperature, but it was not correlated with the thermal variance when holding the thermal mean constant. The 18 ℃ treatment not only produced smaller sized hatchlings but also resulted in decreased sprint speed. Eggs in the nest with the greatest proportion of temperatures higher than 28 ℃ also produced smaller sized hatchlings. None of the hatchling traits examined was affected by the thermal variance. Thermal fluctuations did result in longer incubation times, but females would benefit little from maintaining stable body temperatures or selecting thermally stable nests in terms of the reduced incubation length. Our data show that the mean rather than the variance of temperatures has a key role in influencing incubation length and hatchling phenotypes, and thus do not support the hypothesis tested .
基金The work was carried out in compliance with the current laws on animal welfare and research in China, and was supported by grants from Natural Science Foundation of China （30770378 and 31071910）, Zhejiang Provincial Foundation of Natural Science （Z3090461）, Hangzhou Bureau of Science and Technology （20100332T20） and Zhejiang Department of Science and Technology for Innovation Teams （2010R50039-26）. We thank Jian-Fang Gao, Rui-Bin Hu, Yan-Fu Qu and Ling Zhang for their help during the research.
文摘Abstract We collected gravid gray rat snakes Ptyas korros from three geographically distinct populations in China, Chenzhou （CZ）, Jiangshan （JS） and Dinghai （DH）, to study geographical variation in female reproductive traits. Egg-laying dates differed among the three populations such that at the most northern latitude egg-laying was latest, and earliest at the most southern latitutde. Clutch size, clutch mass, egg mass, egg shape, within clutch variability in egg sizes and relative clutch mass differed among the three populations, whereas post-oviposition body mass did not. Except for egg-laying date, none of the traits examined varied in a geographically continuous trend. CZ and DH females, although separated by a distance of approximately 1100 km as the crow flies, were similar in nearly all traits examined. JS females were distinguished from CZ and DH females by their higher fecundity （clutch size）, greater reproductive output （clutch mass） and more rounded eggs. Our data do not validate the prediction that larger offspring should be produced in colder localities. The absence of an egg size-number trade-off in each of the three populations presumably suggests that P. korros is among species where eggs are well optimized for size within a population.
基金Supported by Project of Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(No.1630032017064)
文摘[Objectives]To study the variation in main chemical composition of Blumea balsamifera in different growth stages,and to provide a theoretical basis to determine appropriate harvest period.[Methods]The l-borneol of the plant was determined by gas chromatography( GC)with methyl salicylate as internal standard,and total flavonoids were determined by the Aluminum nitrate colorimetry method of Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometry. The analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis of the l-borneol and total flavonoids of B. balsamifera in different months and different plant age.[Results]There were differences in chemical ingredients of B. balsamifera in different months of the year.The content of l-borneol in October was the highest,but there was no significant difference from August to December in l-borneol content( P >0. 05). l-borneol content of B. balsamifera in three ages was the highest compared with other ages,and there was a significant difference with B. balsamifera in one year or less( P < 0. 05). Relatively speaking,total flavonoids in June,August and November were higher; total flavonoids content of B. balsamifera in two ages was the highest compared with other ages,and there was a significant difference with other ages( P <0. 05).[Conclusions]If l-borneol is taken as an indicator,for extracting Aipan( l-borneol),it can be harvested from September to midDecember,but October is the best. And it can be harvested at least three years. If the content of total flavonoids is taken as an indicator,it should be harvested in November. And it can be harvested 2-3 years.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81471357）.
文摘Background：Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） and event-related potentials （ERPs） are a noninvasive technique that widely used in neurophysiological field.Although rTMS has shown clinical utility for a number of neurological conditions,Recently,there was little understanding of the the efficacy ofrYMS on Schizophrenia（SZ） and the change of ERP between before and after rTMS treatment.The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of N400,mismatch negativity （MMN）,and P300 before and after treatment with rTMS in SZ.Methods：One hundred and twenty-seven SZ patients hospitalized in Shanghai Mental Health Center from March 2015 to July 2017,divided into two groups （85 patients were recruited as rTMS group and 42 were recruited as sham rTMS [ShrTMS] group） and 76 normal controls （NCs） who were the staff and refresher staff in our hospital were recruited at the same time.A Chinese-made rTMS and a Runjie W J-1 ERPs instrument were used in the present experiment.N400 was elicited by congruent and noncongruent Chinese idioms.After rTMS treatment,N400,P300,and MMN characteristics were compared with those before treatment and NC group.Results：Compared with NC,the SZ patients exhibited delays in N400,P300,and MMN latency and decreased N400,P300,and MMN amplitudes in their frontal area （P 〈 0.05）.After 25 rTMS treatments,N400 amplitudes in the frontal area （elicited by idioms with same phonic and different shape and meaning and with different phonic,shape,and meaning） were increased in the SZ patients （P 〈 0.05）.However,there was no significant change in N400 before and after treatment with ShrTMS in SZ patients （P 〉 0.05）.Amplitudes for MMN and target P300 also increased in SZ patients after rTMS treatment （P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions：Based on our preliminary findings,we believe that the combined usage of N400,MMN,and P300 could be a valuable index and an electrophysiological reference in evaluating the effects ofrTMS treatment in SZ patients.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81471357） and Shanghai Natural Science Foundation （No. 13ZR1439300）.
文摘Background：Risperidone and paliperidone have been the mainstay treatment for schizophrenia and their potential role in neuroprotection could be associated with brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） and N400 （an event-related brain potential component）.So far,different effects on both BDNF and N400 were reported in relation to various antipsychotic treatments.However,few studies have been conducted on the mechanism ofrisperidone and paliperidone on BDNF and N400.This study aimed to compare the effects ofrisperidone and paliperidone on BDNF and the N400 component of the event-related brain potential in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Methods：Ninety-eight patients with first-episode schizophrenia were randomly divided into the risperidone and paliperidone groups and treated with risperidone and paliperidone,respectively,for 12 weeks.Serum BDNF level,the latency,and amplitude of the N400 event-related potential before and after the treatment and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS） scores were compared between the two groups.Results：A total of 94 patients were included in the final analysis （47 patients in each group）.After the treatment,the serum BDNF levels in both groups increased （all P 〈 0.01）,while no significant difference in serum BDNF level was found between the groups before and after the treatment （all P 〉 0.05）.After the treatment,N400 amplitudes were increased （from 4.73 ± 2.86 μv and 4.51 ± 4.63 μv to 5.35 ± 4.18 μv and 5.52 ± 3.08 μv,respectively） under congruent condition in both risperidone and paliperidone groups （all P 〈 0.01）.Under incongruent conditions,the N400 latencies were shortened in the paliperidone group （from 424.13 ± 110.42 ms to 4.7.41 ± 154.59 ms,P 〈 0.05）,and the N400 amplitudes were increased in the risperidone group （from 5.80 ± 3.50 μv to 7.17 ± 5.51 μv,P 〈 0.01）.After treatment,the total PANSS score in both groups decreased significantly （all P 〈 0.01）,but the difference between the groups was not significant （P 〉 0.05）.A negative correlation between the reduction rate of the PANSS score and the increase in serum BDNF level after the treatment was found in the paliperidone group but not in the risperidone group.Conclusions：Both risperidone and paliperidone could increase the serum BDNF levels in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and improve their cognitive function （N400 latency and amplitude）,but their antipsychotic mechanisms might differ.
基金Tianjin Health Bureau Foundation (No.2014KR02)Wenzhou Science and Technology Project (No.ZS2017011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81871052).
文摘To the Editor:Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are experienced concomitantly with various neuropsychiatric diagnoses including schizophrenia,bipolar disorder,major depression disorder,post-traumatic stress disorder,and borderline personality disorder.
文摘Numerous studies have identified many specific structural alterations in the brains of patients with schizophrenia and depression. Schizophrenia is associated with gray matter volume (GMV) impairment in certain key brain regions, which progresses in the first 2-3 years after the first episode of schizophrenic symptoms,m Schizophrenia has also been shown to be associated with concurrent white matter (WM) alterations. The fasciculus uncinatus and arcuate fasciculus have been proposed to be a part of the quality index for schizophrenia.12j Similar to schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with a GMV reduction and aberrant WM. GMV reductions in the bilateral middle temporal gyrus left ventral medial prefrontal gyrus, left lingual gyms, and dorsal medial prefrontal gyrus have been correlated with the severity of the depressive symptoms. Schizophrenic and depressive symptoms usually coexist in schizophrenia and MDD. In this pilot study, we compared the GMV and WM differences in the brains of chronic schizophrenia patients with depressive symptoms with those of chronic depression patients with psychotic symptoms.
基金Innovation Team Program of Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Number:2020KCXTD038Key Technologies Research and Development Program,Grant/Award Number:2019YFA0705202+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:12032007,31701296,62274027,81941001Chongqing Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:cstc2019jcyjzdxmX0028。
文摘As a multifunctional fluorescent nanomaterial, carbon dots (CDs) not only have small size, stable chemical properties, excellent photoluminescence characteristics, but also exhibit good biocompatibility and low toxicity. It has attracted considerable attention in the field of nanotechnology and biological science. CDs contain abundant functional groups on the surface, which not only retain part of the properties of raw materials, but also may have new photoelectric, catalytic, biomedical, and other functions. In this review, we systematically summarize the synthesis methods, modifications, optical properties, and main biological functions of CDs in recent years. The application of functionalized modified CDs in biological detection, biological imaging, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, targeted therapy, drug delivery, gene delivery, protein delivery, and other biomedical fields is introduced. The latest progress of CDs with its own biomedical function in antioxidant, anti-pathogen, and disease treatment is summarized. Finally, we discuss some problems in the practical application of CDs and look forward to the future development trend of self-functional CDs combined with surface modification to achieve multimodal treatment of diseases.
