Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are widely regarded as primary drivers of aging and are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases.The degeneration of motor neurons during aging is a critical pa...Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are widely regarded as primary drivers of aging and are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases.The degeneration of motor neurons during aging is a critical pathological factor contributing to the progression of sarcopenia.However,the morphological and functional changes in mitochondria and their interplay in the degeneration of the neuromuscular junction during aging remain poorly understood.A defined systematic search of the Pub Med,Web of Science and Embase databases(last accessed on October 30,2024)was conducted with search terms including'mitochondria','aging'and'NMJ'.Clinical and preclinical studies of mitochondrial dysfunction and neuromuscular junction degeneration during aging.Twentyseven studies were included in this systematic review.This systematic review provides a summary of morphological,functional and biological changes in neuromuscular junction,mitochondrial morphology,biosynthesis,respiratory chain function,and mitophagy during aging.We focus on the interactions and mechanisms underlying the relationship between mitochondria and neuromuscular junctions during aging.Aging is characterized by significant reductions in mitochondrial fusion/fission cycles,biosynthesis,and mitochondrial quality control,which may lead to neuromuscular junction dysfunction,denervation and poor physical performance.Motor nerve terminals that exhibit redox sensitivity are among the first to exhibit abnormalities,ultimately leading to an early decline in muscle strength through impaired neuromuscular junction transmission function.Parg coactivator 1 alpha is a crucial molecule that regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and modulates various pathways,including the mitochondrial respiratory chain,energy deficiency,oxidative stress,and inflammation.Mitochondrial dysfunction is correlated with neuromuscular junction denervation and acetylcholine receptor fragmentation,resulting in muscle atrophy and a decrease in strength during aging.Physical therapy,pharmacotherapy,and gene therapy can alleviate the structural degeneration and functional deterioration of neuromuscular junction by restoring mitochondrial function.Therefore,mitochondria are considered potential targets for preserving neuromuscular junction morphology and function during aging to treat sarcopenia.展开更多
Acetaldehyde plays a significant role in atmospheric photochemical reactions and ozone formation.Previous studies have shown that acetaldehyde may rapidly be generated over short periods and impact ozone production,ye...Acetaldehyde plays a significant role in atmospheric photochemical reactions and ozone formation.Previous studies have shown that acetaldehyde may rapidly be generated over short periods and impact ozone production,yet the underlyingmechanism remains unclear.To better elucidate thesemechanisms,a field campaign was conducted in Dongying,a typical petrochemical city in China.The observed acetaldehyde concentration averaged 3.0±1.6 ppbv,with a peak around 09:00 local time.The diurnal variations of acetaldehyde were categorized into two types,with Category 1 exhibiting relatively high values and increasing sharply in concentration between 07:00 and 09:00 a.m.(refer to morning peak episode,MPE),and the remaining classified as Category 2.Category 1 was similar to previous studies at heavily polluted sites but differed fromcleaner locations.Using an observation-based chemical box model,we found that acetaldehyde contributed an average of 10.2%to the net ozone production rate.Combined with a positive matrix factorizationmodel,we identified secondary formation as the dominant source of acetaldehyde(45.0%),and the daytime production rate of acetaldehyde in Category 1 was significantly higher than that in Category 2.Cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene were identified as key precursors for the rapid acetaldehyde formation during the MEP,with the petroleum industry being their primary source.Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from petroleum industry contributed over 60%to acetaldehyde formation during the morning peak.Our findings underscore the urgent need for targeted VOCs management strategies in petroleum sector tomitigate both carbonyl and ozone formation.展开更多
In this study,a strategy is proposed to use the congestion index as a new input feature.This approach can reveal more deeply the complex effects of traffic conditions on variations in particulate matter(PM_(2.5))conce...In this study,a strategy is proposed to use the congestion index as a new input feature.This approach can reveal more deeply the complex effects of traffic conditions on variations in particulate matter(PM_(2.5))concentrations.To assess the effectiveness of this strategy,we conducted an ablation experiment on the congestion index and implemented a multi-scale input model.Compared with conventional models,the strategy reduces the root mean square error(RMSE)of all benchmark models by>6.07%on average,and the bestperforming model reduces it by 12.06%,demonstrating excellent performance improvement.In addition,evenwith high traffic emissions,the RMSE during peak hours is still below 9.83μg/m^(3),which proves the effectiveness of the strategy by effectively addressing pollution hotspots.This study provides new ideas for improving urban environmental quality and public health and anticipates inspiring further research in this domain.展开更多
AIM To investigate the role of Δ133p53 isoform in nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC)-mediated growth inhibition of MKN45 gastric cancer cells.METHODS The growth rate of MKN45 cells...AIM To investigate the role of Δ133p53 isoform in nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC)-mediated growth inhibition of MKN45 gastric cancer cells.METHODS The growth rate of MKN45 cells after treatment with different concentrations of only PDTC or PTDC in combination with cisplatin was detected by the CCK-8 assay. m RNA expression levels of Δ133p53, p53β, and the NF-κB p65 subunit and p65 protein levels were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence, respectively. Growth of MKN45 cells was significantly inhibited by PDTC alone in a dose-dependent manner(P < 0.01). Moreover, the inhibitory effect of cisplatin was remarkably enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by co-treatment with PDTC(P < 0.01).RESULTS RT-PCR analysis revealed that m RNA expression of p65 was curbed significantly in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with only PDTC(P < 0.01), and this suppressive effect was further enhanced when co-treated with cisplatin(P < 0.01). With respect to the other p53 isoforms, m RNA level of Δ133p53 was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with only PDTC or PTDC in combination with cisplatin(P < 0.01), whereas p53β m RNA expression was not altered by PDTC treatment(P > 0.05). A similar tendency of change in p65 protein expression, as observed for the corresponding m RNA, was detected by immunofluorescence analysis(P < 0.01). Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that Δ133p53 and p65 m RNA expression levels were positively related, while no significant relationship was observed between those of p65 and p53β(r = 0.076, P > 0.01).CONCLUSIONΔ133p53 isoform(not p53β) is required in PDTCinduced inhibition of MKN45 gastric cancer cells, indicating that disturbance in the cross-talk between p53 and NF-κB pathways is a promising target in pharmaceutical research for the development of treatment strategies for gastric cancer.展开更多
Formamidine lead triiodide(FAPbI_(3))perovskites have become the most promising photovoltaic materials for perovskite solar cells with record power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,random nucleation,phase transition...Formamidine lead triiodide(FAPbI_(3))perovskites have become the most promising photovoltaic materials for perovskite solar cells with record power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,random nucleation,phase transition,and lattice defects are still the key challenges limiting the quality of FAPbI_(3) films.Previous studies show that the introduction or adding of seeds in the precursor is effective to promote the nucleation and crystallization of perovskite films.Nevertheless,the seed-assisted approach focuses on heterogeneous seeds or hetero-composites,which inevitably induce a lattice-mismatch,the genera-tion of strain or defects,and the phase segregation in the perovskite films.Herein,we first demonstrate that high-quality perovskite films are controllably prepared using α-and δ-phases mixed FAPbI_(3) micro-crystal as the homogeneous seeds with the one-step antisolvent method.The partially dissolved seeds with suitable sizes improve the crystallinity of the perovskite flm with preferable orientation,improved carrier lifetime,and increased carrier mobility.More importantly,the α-phase-containing seeds promote the formation of α-phase FAPbI_(3) films,leading to the reduction of residual lattice strain and the suppres-sion of I-ion migration.Besides,the adding of dimethyl 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylate(DPD)into the pre-cursor further suppresses the generation of defects,contributing to the PCE of devices prepared in air ambient being significantly improved to 23.75%,among the highest PCEs for fully air-processed FAPbI_(3) solar cells.The unpackaged target devices possess a high stability,maintaining 80%of the initial PCE under simulated solar illumination exceeding 800 h.展开更多
Fe(Ⅲ)has been proved to be a more eff ective oxidant than dissolved oxygen at ambient temperature,however,the role of Fe(Ⅲ)in pyrite acidic pressure oxidation was rarely discussed so far.In this paper,in-situ electr...Fe(Ⅲ)has been proved to be a more eff ective oxidant than dissolved oxygen at ambient temperature,however,the role of Fe(Ⅲ)in pyrite acidic pressure oxidation was rarely discussed so far.In this paper,in-situ electrochemical investigation was performed using a flow-through autoclave system in acidic pressure oxidation environment.The results illustrated that increasing Fe(Ⅲ)concentrations led to raising in redox potential of the solution,and decreased passivation of pyrite caused by deposition of elemental sulfur.Reduction of Fe(Ⅲ)at pyrite surface was a fast reaction with low activation energy,it was only slightly promoted by rising temperatures.While,the oxidation rate of pyrite at all investigated Fe(Ⅲ)concentrations increased obviously with rising temperatures,the anodic reaction was the rate-limiting step in the overall reaction.Activation energy of pyrite oxidation decreased from 47.74 to 28.79 kJ/mol when Fe(Ⅲ)concentration was increased from 0.05 to 0.50 g/L,showing that the reaction kinetics were limited by the rate of electrochemical reaction at low Fe(Ⅲ)concentrations,while,it gradually turned to be diffusion control with increasing Fe(Ⅲ)concentrations.展开更多
4H silicon carbide(4H-SiC)has gained a great success in high-power electronics,owing to its advantages of wide bandgap,high breakdown electric field strength,high carrier mobility,and high thermal conductivity.Conside...4H silicon carbide(4H-SiC)has gained a great success in high-power electronics,owing to its advantages of wide bandgap,high breakdown electric field strength,high carrier mobility,and high thermal conductivity.Considering the high carrier mobility and high stability of 4H-SiC,4H-SiC has great potential in the field of photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting.In this work,we demonstrate the irradiation-resistant PEC water splitting based on nanoporous 4H-SiC arrays.A new two-step anodizing approach is adopted to prepare 4H-SiC nanoporous arrays with different porosity,that is,a constant low-voltage etching followed by a pulsed high-voltage etching.The constant-voltage etching and pulsed-voltage etching are adopted to control the diameter of the nanopores and the depth of the nanoporous arrays,respectively.It is found that the nanoporous arrays with medium porosity has the highest PEC current,because of the enhanced light absorption and the optimized transportation of charge carriers along the walls of the nanoporous arrays.The performance of the PEC water splitting of the nanoporous arrays is stable after the electron irradiation with the dose of 800 and 1600 k Gy,which indicates that 4H-SiC nanoporous arrays has great potential in the PEC water splitting under harsh environments.展开更多
Molten-alkali etching has been widely used to reveal dislocations in 4H silicon carbide(4H-SiC),which has promoted the identification and statistics of dislocation density in 4H-SiC single crystals.However,the etching...Molten-alkali etching has been widely used to reveal dislocations in 4H silicon carbide(4H-SiC),which has promoted the identification and statistics of dislocation density in 4H-SiC single crystals.However,the etching mechanism of 4H-SiC is limited misunderstood.In this letter,we reveal the anisotropic etching mechanism of the Si face and C face of 4H-SiC by combining molten-KOH etching,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and first-principles investigations.The activation energies for the molten-KOH etching of the C face and Si face of 4H-SiC are calculated to be 25.09 and 35.75 kcal/mol,respectively.The molten-KOH etching rate of the C face is higher than the Si face.Combining XPS analysis and first-principles calculations,we find that the molten-KOH etching of 4H-SiC is proceeded by the cycling of the oxidation of 4H-SiC by the dissolved oxygen and the removal of oxides by molten KOH.The faster etching rate of the C face is caused by the fact that the oxides on the C face are unstable,and easier to be removed with molten alkali,rather than the C face being easier to be oxidized.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate mechanism-based anti-anxiety effects of Shudihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata) polysaccharides (RRPPs) through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis with mass spectrometry (MS) of ...OBJECTIVE: To investigate mechanism-based anti-anxiety effects of Shudihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata) polysaccharides (RRPPs) through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis with mass spectrometry (MS) of hippocampus proteins in rats treated with monosodium L-glutamate (MSG).METHODS: MSG (4 g/kg) or normal saline (NS) was injected subcutaneously into infant male rats on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 after birth. MSG-treated rats at 8 weeks old were given NS, diazepam, or RRPPs daily for seven consecutive days by intragastric administration, while NS-treated rats given the same volume of NS. Elevated plus maze (EPM) and light/ dark transition (LDT) tests were used to observe anti-anxiety effects of RRPPs at 1 h after the last administration. After EPM and LDT tests, hippocampus tissues were excised on ice rapidly from the brains of rats. Thereafter, 2-DE and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) were used for detecting differential proteins in hippocampus of rats so as to explore the potential mechanisms. RESULTS: RRPPs (200, 400 mg/kg) could significantly inhibit MSG-induced decrease of time and entries percentages in open zones in EPM test and numbers of light-dark transition in LDT test. Further analysis of 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/MS indicated that β-synuclein, protein DJ-1, peroxiredoxin-2, peroxiredoxin-6, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH-1) and iron-sulfur proteins were all found to be down-regulated significantly in MSG-treated rats, while such down-regulation was significantly inhibited after treatment with RRPPs. CONCLUSION: RRPPs showed anti-anxiety effects and potential mechanisms might be related to inhibiting MSG-induced down-regulation of β-synuclein, DJ-1, peroxiredoxin-2, peroxiredoxin-6, DDAH-1 and iron-sulfur proteins in hippocampus of rats.展开更多
The settlement of the Tibetan Plateau epitomizes human adaptation to a high-altitude environment that poses great challenges to human activity.Here,we reconstruct a 4000-year maternal genetic history of Tibetans using...The settlement of the Tibetan Plateau epitomizes human adaptation to a high-altitude environment that poses great challenges to human activity.Here,we reconstruct a 4000-year maternal genetic history of Tibetans using 128 ancient mitochondrial genome data from 37 sites in Xizang.The phylogeny of haplotypes M9a1a,M9a1b,D4g2,G2a’c,and D4i show that ancient Tibetans share the most recent common ancestor with ancient Middle and Upper Yellow River populations around the Early and Middle Holocene.In addition,the connections between Tibetans and Northeastern Asians vary over the past 4000 years,with a stronger matrilineal connection between the two during 4000 BPe3000 BP,and a weakened connection after 3000 BP,that are coincident with climate change,followed by a reinforced connection after the Tubo period(1400 BPe1100 BP).Besides,an over 4000-year matrilineal continuity is observed in some of the maternal lineages.We also find the maternal genetic structure of ancient Tibetans is correlated to the geography and interactions between ancient Tibetans and ancient Nepal and Pakistan populations.Overall,the maternal genetic history of Tibetans can be characterized as a long-term matrilineal continuity with frequent internal and external population interactions that are dynamically shaped by geography,climate changes,as well as historical events.展开更多
Background:The egg production performance of chickens is affected by many factors,including genetics,nutrition and environmental conditions.These factors all play a role in egg production by affecting the development ...Background:The egg production performance of chickens is affected by many factors,including genetics,nutrition and environmental conditions.These factors all play a role in egg production by affecting the development of follicles.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are important non-coding RNAs that regulate biological processes by targeting genes or other non-coding RNAs after transcription.In the animal reproduction process,miRNA is known to affect the development and atresia of follicles by regulating apoptosis and autophagy of granulosa cells(GCs).Results:In this study,we identified potential miRNAs in the atretic follicles of broody chickens and unatretic follicles of healthy chickens.We identified gga-miR-30a-5p in 50 differentially expressed miRNAs and found that gga-miR-30a-5p played a regulatory role in the development of chicken follicles.The function of miR-30a-5p was explored through the transfection test of miR-30a-5p inhibitor and miR-30a-5p mimics.In the study,we used qPCR,western blot and flow cytometry to detect granulosa cell apoptosis,autophagy and steroid hormone synthesis.Confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are used for the observation of autophagolysosomes.The levels of estradiol(E2),progesterone(P4),malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were detected by ELISA.The results showed that miR-30a-5p showed a negative effect on autophagy and apoptosis of granulosa cells,and also contributed in steroid hormones and reactive oxygen species(ROS)production.In addition,the results obtained from the biosynthesis and dual luciferase experiments showed that Beclin1 was the target gene of miR-30a-5p.The rescue experiment conducted further confirmed that Beclin1 belongs to the miR-30a-5p regulatory pathway.Conclusions:In summary,after deep miRNA sequencing on healthy and atretic follicles,the results indicated that miR-30a-5p inhibits granulosa cell death by inhibiting Beclin1.展开更多
Discrimination of dislocations is critical to the statistics of dislocation densities in 4H silicon carbide(4H-SiC),which are routinely used to evaluate the quality of 4H-SiC single crystals and homoepitaxial layers.I...Discrimination of dislocations is critical to the statistics of dislocation densities in 4H silicon carbide(4H-SiC),which are routinely used to evaluate the quality of 4H-SiC single crystals and homoepitaxial layers.In this work,we show that the inclination angles of the etch pits of molten-alkali etched 4H-SiC can be adopted to discriminate threading screw dislocations(TSDs),threading edge dislocations(TEDs)and basal plane dislocations(BPDs)in 4H-SiC.In n-type 4H-SiC,the inclination angles of the etch pits of TSDs,TEDs and BPDs in molten-alkali etched 4H-SiC are in the ranges of 27°−35°,8°−15°and 2°−4°,respectively.In semi-insulating 4H-SiC,the inclination angles of the etch pits of TSDs and TEDs are in the ranges of 31°−34°and 21°−24°,respectively.The inclination angles of dislocation-related etch pits are independent of the etching duration,which facilitates the discrimination and statistic of dislocations in 4H-SiC.More significantly,the inclination angle of a threading mixed dislocations(TMDs)is found to consist of characteristic angles of both TEDs and TSDs.This enables to distinguish TMDs from TSDs in 4H-SiC.展开更多
Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolyte is always the most promising candidate for preparing thinner, lighter and safer lithium-ion batteries. However, the lithium dendrites growth of lithium anode a...Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolyte is always the most promising candidate for preparing thinner, lighter and safer lithium-ion batteries. However, the lithium dendrites growth of lithium anode and the high-voltage oxidation of cathode are easy to cause the PEO-based battery failure.The way to deal with the different challenges on both sides of the anode and cathode is pursued all the time. In this study, we reported a new strategy to construct the PVDF/PEO/PVDF three-layer structure for solid polymer electrolyte(marked as PVDF@PEO) using PVDF as the functional “skin”. The PVDF@PEO electrolyte can effectively prevent from the lithium dendrites, and shows a stable cycling life over1000 h in the Li/PVDF@PEO/Li cell. In addition, the PVDF@PEO electrolyte exhibits higher oxidation resistance and can be matched with high-voltage LiCoO_(2) cathode. The Li/PVDF@PEO/LiCoO_(2) cell delivered a specific capacity of about 150 m Ah g^(-1) over 150 cycles and maintained good cycling stability. Our research provides insights that the polymer electrolytes constructed with PVDF functional “skin” can simultaneously meet the challenges of both anode and cathode in solid-state lithium-ion batteries(SSLIBs).展开更多
Pipeline inner inspection technology based on Pipeline Inspection Gauge(PIG),is the primary means for ensuring the safety of submarine pipelines.The dynamic characteristics of a PIG can change abruptly with the excita...Pipeline inner inspection technology based on Pipeline Inspection Gauge(PIG),is the primary means for ensuring the safety of submarine pipelines.The dynamic characteristics of a PIG can change abruptly with the excitation of obstacles such as girth welds inside the pipeline,which would result in failure or inaccuracy of the inspection results.This study establishes a dynamic model of the PIG sealing disc based on Kelvin spring damping in the circumferentially confined space.The axial vibration differential equations of the PIG is examined in detail.MSC/ADAMS is used to conduct the dynamic simulation of the PIG at different motion velocities and center of mass positions while passing through the girth weld process.Results indicate that the axial vibration caused by the girth weld intensifies substantially as the speed of the PIG increases,while the pitch and vertical vibrations exhibit a significant decline with an increase in the motion velocity.The change in the PIG’s center of mass positions has little effect on its axial vibration,while the pitch and vertical vibration conditions are significantly different in the same circumstances.展开更多
The exploitation of renewable energy as well as the elimination of the harmful impact of excessive carbon emission are worldwide concerns for sustainable development of the ecological environment on earth.To address t...The exploitation of renewable energy as well as the elimination of the harmful impact of excessive carbon emission are worldwide concerns for sustainable development of the ecological environment on earth.To address that,the technologies regarding energy conversion systems,such as water splitting and electroreduction of carbon dioxide,have attracted significant attention for a few decades.Yet,to date,the production of green fuels and/or high energy density chemicals like hydrogen,methane,and ethanol,are still suffering from many drawbacks including high energy consumption,low selectivity,and sluggish reaction rate.In this regard,nanostructured bimetallic materials that is capable of taking the full benefits of the coupling effects between different elements/components with structure modification in nanoscale are considered as a promising strategy for high-performance electrocatalysts.Herein,this review aims to outline the important progress of these nanostructured bimetallic electrocatalysts.It starts with the introduction of some important fundamental background knowledge about the reaction mechanism to understand how these reactions happen.Subsequently,we summarize the most recent progress regarding how the nanostructured bimetallic electrocatalysts manipulate the activity and selectivity of catalytic reactions in the order of bimetallic alloying effect,interface/substrate effect of bi-component electrocatalyst,and nanostructuring effect.展开更多
Aiming at the problem that node load is rarely considered in existing clustering routing algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), a dynamic clustering routing algorithm for WSN is presented in this paper called ...Aiming at the problem that node load is rarely considered in existing clustering routing algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), a dynamic clustering routing algorithm for WSN is presented in this paper called DCRCL (Dynamic Clustering Routing Considering Load). This algorithm is comprised of three phases including cluster head (CH) selection, cluster setup and inter-cluster routing. First, the CHs are selected based on residual energy and node load. Then the non-CH nodes choose a cluster by comparing the cost function of its neighbor CHs. At last, each CH communicates with base station by using multi-hop communication. The simulation results show that comparing with the existing one, the techniques life cycle and date volume of the network are increased by 30.7 percent and 29.8 percent respectively by using the proposed algorithm DCRCL.展开更多
This study proposes a novel heterodyne grating interferometer designed to meet the multi-dimensional atomiclevel measurement demands of next-generation lithography systems and large-scale atomic-level manufacturing.By...This study proposes a novel heterodyne grating interferometer designed to meet the multi-dimensional atomiclevel measurement demands of next-generation lithography systems and large-scale atomic-level manufacturing.By utilizing a dual-frequency laser source,the interferometer enables simultaneous three-degree-of-freedom(3-DOF)displacement measurements.Key innovations include a compact,zero dead-zone optical path architecture,which enhances measurement robustness by minimizing sensitivity to laser source instabilities and atmospheric refractive index fluctuations.In addition,we present a systematic crosstalk error analysis,coupled with a corresponding compensation algorithm,effectively reducing crosstalk-induced errors to below 5%.Experimental evaluation of the 90×90×40 mm^(3) prototype demonstrates outstanding performance metrics:sub-nanometer resolutions(0.25 nm for X/Y-axes,0.3 nm for Z-axis),superior linearity coefficients(6.9×10^(−5),8.1×10^(−5),16.2×10^(−5) for X-,Y-,and Z-axes,respectively),high repeatability(0.8 nm@1000 nm for all axes),exceptional long-term stability(20 nm XY-plane drift,60 nm Z-axis drift over 1000 s),and practical measurement ranges exceeding 10 mm inplane and 2 mm axially.Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art sensors demonstrates significant advantages in measurement precision,system integration,and multi-axis capability.This advancement highlights excellent potential for applications in integrated circuit fabrication,atomic-scale manufacturing,and ultra-precision metrology for aerospace systems.展开更多
基金supported by grants from Collaborative Research Fund(Ref:C4032-21GF)General Research Grant(Ref:14114822)+1 种基金Group Research Scheme(Ref:3110146)Area of Excellence(Ref:Ao E/M-402/20)。
文摘Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are widely regarded as primary drivers of aging and are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases.The degeneration of motor neurons during aging is a critical pathological factor contributing to the progression of sarcopenia.However,the morphological and functional changes in mitochondria and their interplay in the degeneration of the neuromuscular junction during aging remain poorly understood.A defined systematic search of the Pub Med,Web of Science and Embase databases(last accessed on October 30,2024)was conducted with search terms including'mitochondria','aging'and'NMJ'.Clinical and preclinical studies of mitochondrial dysfunction and neuromuscular junction degeneration during aging.Twentyseven studies were included in this systematic review.This systematic review provides a summary of morphological,functional and biological changes in neuromuscular junction,mitochondrial morphology,biosynthesis,respiratory chain function,and mitophagy during aging.We focus on the interactions and mechanisms underlying the relationship between mitochondria and neuromuscular junctions during aging.Aging is characterized by significant reductions in mitochondrial fusion/fission cycles,biosynthesis,and mitochondrial quality control,which may lead to neuromuscular junction dysfunction,denervation and poor physical performance.Motor nerve terminals that exhibit redox sensitivity are among the first to exhibit abnormalities,ultimately leading to an early decline in muscle strength through impaired neuromuscular junction transmission function.Parg coactivator 1 alpha is a crucial molecule that regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and modulates various pathways,including the mitochondrial respiratory chain,energy deficiency,oxidative stress,and inflammation.Mitochondrial dysfunction is correlated with neuromuscular junction denervation and acetylcholine receptor fragmentation,resulting in muscle atrophy and a decrease in strength during aging.Physical therapy,pharmacotherapy,and gene therapy can alleviate the structural degeneration and functional deterioration of neuromuscular junction by restoring mitochondrial function.Therefore,mitochondria are considered potential targets for preserving neuromuscular junction morphology and function during aging to treat sarcopenia.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science of Technology of China(No.2022YFC3701101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42105106)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M691921)the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China(No.DQGG202121)Dongying Ecological and Environmental Bureau(No.2021DFKY-0779).
文摘Acetaldehyde plays a significant role in atmospheric photochemical reactions and ozone formation.Previous studies have shown that acetaldehyde may rapidly be generated over short periods and impact ozone production,yet the underlyingmechanism remains unclear.To better elucidate thesemechanisms,a field campaign was conducted in Dongying,a typical petrochemical city in China.The observed acetaldehyde concentration averaged 3.0±1.6 ppbv,with a peak around 09:00 local time.The diurnal variations of acetaldehyde were categorized into two types,with Category 1 exhibiting relatively high values and increasing sharply in concentration between 07:00 and 09:00 a.m.(refer to morning peak episode,MPE),and the remaining classified as Category 2.Category 1 was similar to previous studies at heavily polluted sites but differed fromcleaner locations.Using an observation-based chemical box model,we found that acetaldehyde contributed an average of 10.2%to the net ozone production rate.Combined with a positive matrix factorizationmodel,we identified secondary formation as the dominant source of acetaldehyde(45.0%),and the daytime production rate of acetaldehyde in Category 1 was significantly higher than that in Category 2.Cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene were identified as key precursors for the rapid acetaldehyde formation during the MEP,with the petroleum industry being their primary source.Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from petroleum industry contributed over 60%to acetaldehyde formation during the morning peak.Our findings underscore the urgent need for targeted VOCs management strategies in petroleum sector tomitigate both carbonyl and ozone formation.
基金supported by the Enterprises Research Project(Nos.W2021JSKF0922 and W2023JSKF0116)the Key industrialization Projects of Intelligent Manufacturing Institute,Hefei University of Technology(No.IMICZ2019001).
文摘In this study,a strategy is proposed to use the congestion index as a new input feature.This approach can reveal more deeply the complex effects of traffic conditions on variations in particulate matter(PM_(2.5))concentrations.To assess the effectiveness of this strategy,we conducted an ablation experiment on the congestion index and implemented a multi-scale input model.Compared with conventional models,the strategy reduces the root mean square error(RMSE)of all benchmark models by>6.07%on average,and the bestperforming model reduces it by 12.06%,demonstrating excellent performance improvement.In addition,evenwith high traffic emissions,the RMSE during peak hours is still below 9.83μg/m^(3),which proves the effectiveness of the strategy by effectively addressing pollution hotspots.This study provides new ideas for improving urban environmental quality and public health and anticipates inspiring further research in this domain.
基金Supported by Shandong Provincial Award Foundation for Youth and Middle-aged Scientist,No.BS2010SW034
文摘AIM To investigate the role of Δ133p53 isoform in nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC)-mediated growth inhibition of MKN45 gastric cancer cells.METHODS The growth rate of MKN45 cells after treatment with different concentrations of only PDTC or PTDC in combination with cisplatin was detected by the CCK-8 assay. m RNA expression levels of Δ133p53, p53β, and the NF-κB p65 subunit and p65 protein levels were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence, respectively. Growth of MKN45 cells was significantly inhibited by PDTC alone in a dose-dependent manner(P < 0.01). Moreover, the inhibitory effect of cisplatin was remarkably enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by co-treatment with PDTC(P < 0.01).RESULTS RT-PCR analysis revealed that m RNA expression of p65 was curbed significantly in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with only PDTC(P < 0.01), and this suppressive effect was further enhanced when co-treated with cisplatin(P < 0.01). With respect to the other p53 isoforms, m RNA level of Δ133p53 was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with only PDTC or PTDC in combination with cisplatin(P < 0.01), whereas p53β m RNA expression was not altered by PDTC treatment(P > 0.05). A similar tendency of change in p65 protein expression, as observed for the corresponding m RNA, was detected by immunofluorescence analysis(P < 0.01). Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that Δ133p53 and p65 m RNA expression levels were positively related, while no significant relationship was observed between those of p65 and p53β(r = 0.076, P > 0.01).CONCLUSIONΔ133p53 isoform(not p53β) is required in PDTCinduced inhibition of MKN45 gastric cancer cells, indicating that disturbance in the cross-talk between p53 and NF-κB pathways is a promising target in pharmaceutical research for the development of treatment strategies for gastric cancer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61604131,62025403)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LY19F040009)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds of Zhejiang SciTech University (23062120-Y)the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Solar Energy Utilization and Energy Saving Technology of Zhejiang Province (ZJS-OP-2020-07)
文摘Formamidine lead triiodide(FAPbI_(3))perovskites have become the most promising photovoltaic materials for perovskite solar cells with record power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,random nucleation,phase transition,and lattice defects are still the key challenges limiting the quality of FAPbI_(3) films.Previous studies show that the introduction or adding of seeds in the precursor is effective to promote the nucleation and crystallization of perovskite films.Nevertheless,the seed-assisted approach focuses on heterogeneous seeds or hetero-composites,which inevitably induce a lattice-mismatch,the genera-tion of strain or defects,and the phase segregation in the perovskite films.Herein,we first demonstrate that high-quality perovskite films are controllably prepared using α-and δ-phases mixed FAPbI_(3) micro-crystal as the homogeneous seeds with the one-step antisolvent method.The partially dissolved seeds with suitable sizes improve the crystallinity of the perovskite flm with preferable orientation,improved carrier lifetime,and increased carrier mobility.More importantly,the α-phase-containing seeds promote the formation of α-phase FAPbI_(3) films,leading to the reduction of residual lattice strain and the suppres-sion of I-ion migration.Besides,the adding of dimethyl 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylate(DPD)into the pre-cursor further suppresses the generation of defects,contributing to the PCE of devices prepared in air ambient being significantly improved to 23.75%,among the highest PCEs for fully air-processed FAPbI_(3) solar cells.The unpackaged target devices possess a high stability,maintaining 80%of the initial PCE under simulated solar illumination exceeding 800 h.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province,China(No.[2020]1Y163)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41827802).
文摘Fe(Ⅲ)has been proved to be a more eff ective oxidant than dissolved oxygen at ambient temperature,however,the role of Fe(Ⅲ)in pyrite acidic pressure oxidation was rarely discussed so far.In this paper,in-situ electrochemical investigation was performed using a flow-through autoclave system in acidic pressure oxidation environment.The results illustrated that increasing Fe(Ⅲ)concentrations led to raising in redox potential of the solution,and decreased passivation of pyrite caused by deposition of elemental sulfur.Reduction of Fe(Ⅲ)at pyrite surface was a fast reaction with low activation energy,it was only slightly promoted by rising temperatures.While,the oxidation rate of pyrite at all investigated Fe(Ⅲ)concentrations increased obviously with rising temperatures,the anodic reaction was the rate-limiting step in the overall reaction.Activation energy of pyrite oxidation decreased from 47.74 to 28.79 kJ/mol when Fe(Ⅲ)concentration was increased from 0.05 to 0.50 g/L,showing that the reaction kinetics were limited by the rate of electrochemical reaction at low Fe(Ⅲ)concentrations,while,it gradually turned to be diffusion control with increasing Fe(Ⅲ)concentrations.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62274143 and U22A2075)Hangzhou Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LHZSD24E020001)+3 种基金Partial support was provided by Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Hangzhou(Grant No.TD2022012)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.226-2022-00200)Natural Science Foundation of China for Innovative Research Groups(Grant No.61721005)the Open Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductors。
文摘4H silicon carbide(4H-SiC)has gained a great success in high-power electronics,owing to its advantages of wide bandgap,high breakdown electric field strength,high carrier mobility,and high thermal conductivity.Considering the high carrier mobility and high stability of 4H-SiC,4H-SiC has great potential in the field of photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting.In this work,we demonstrate the irradiation-resistant PEC water splitting based on nanoporous 4H-SiC arrays.A new two-step anodizing approach is adopted to prepare 4H-SiC nanoporous arrays with different porosity,that is,a constant low-voltage etching followed by a pulsed high-voltage etching.The constant-voltage etching and pulsed-voltage etching are adopted to control the diameter of the nanopores and the depth of the nanoporous arrays,respectively.It is found that the nanoporous arrays with medium porosity has the highest PEC current,because of the enhanced light absorption and the optimized transportation of charge carriers along the walls of the nanoporous arrays.The performance of the PEC water splitting of the nanoporous arrays is stable after the electron irradiation with the dose of 800 and 1600 k Gy,which indicates that 4H-SiC nanoporous arrays has great potential in the PEC water splitting under harsh environments.
基金This work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62274143&62204216)Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.LHZSD24E020001)+4 种基金the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(Grant Nos.2022C0102&2023C01010)Partial support was provided by the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Hangzhou(Grant No.TD2022012)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.226-2022-00200)the Natural Science Foundation of China for Innovative Research Groups(Grant No.61721005)the Open Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductors,Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center,Zhejiang University.
文摘Molten-alkali etching has been widely used to reveal dislocations in 4H silicon carbide(4H-SiC),which has promoted the identification and statistics of dislocation density in 4H-SiC single crystals.However,the etching mechanism of 4H-SiC is limited misunderstood.In this letter,we reveal the anisotropic etching mechanism of the Si face and C face of 4H-SiC by combining molten-KOH etching,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and first-principles investigations.The activation energies for the molten-KOH etching of the C face and Si face of 4H-SiC are calculated to be 25.09 and 35.75 kcal/mol,respectively.The molten-KOH etching rate of the C face is higher than the Si face.Combining XPS analysis and first-principles calculations,we find that the molten-KOH etching of 4H-SiC is proceeded by the cycling of the oxidation of 4H-SiC by the dissolved oxygen and the removal of oxides by molten KOH.The faster etching rate of the C face is caused by the fact that the oxides on the C face are unstable,and easier to be removed with molten alkali,rather than the C face being easier to be oxidized.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30772794)National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China(2012M521412)Program for Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)in Henan College of Chinese Medicine(2011XCXTD01)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate mechanism-based anti-anxiety effects of Shudihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata) polysaccharides (RRPPs) through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis with mass spectrometry (MS) of hippocampus proteins in rats treated with monosodium L-glutamate (MSG).METHODS: MSG (4 g/kg) or normal saline (NS) was injected subcutaneously into infant male rats on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 after birth. MSG-treated rats at 8 weeks old were given NS, diazepam, or RRPPs daily for seven consecutive days by intragastric administration, while NS-treated rats given the same volume of NS. Elevated plus maze (EPM) and light/ dark transition (LDT) tests were used to observe anti-anxiety effects of RRPPs at 1 h after the last administration. After EPM and LDT tests, hippocampus tissues were excised on ice rapidly from the brains of rats. Thereafter, 2-DE and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) were used for detecting differential proteins in hippocampus of rats so as to explore the potential mechanisms. RESULTS: RRPPs (200, 400 mg/kg) could significantly inhibit MSG-induced decrease of time and entries percentages in open zones in EPM test and numbers of light-dark transition in LDT test. Further analysis of 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/MS indicated that β-synuclein, protein DJ-1, peroxiredoxin-2, peroxiredoxin-6, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH-1) and iron-sulfur proteins were all found to be down-regulated significantly in MSG-treated rats, while such down-regulation was significantly inhibited after treatment with RRPPs. CONCLUSION: RRPPs showed anti-anxiety effects and potential mechanisms might be related to inhibiting MSG-induced down-regulation of β-synuclein, DJ-1, peroxiredoxin-2, peroxiredoxin-6, DDAH-1 and iron-sulfur proteins in hippocampus of rats.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC1523600)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(YSBR-019 and XDB26000000)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41925009)“Research on the roots of Chinese civilization”of Zhengzhou University(XKZDJC202006)the Tencent Foundation(through the XPLORER PRIZE),and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute(55008731)X.W.was supported by Key National Social Science Foundation of China(16ZDA144).
文摘The settlement of the Tibetan Plateau epitomizes human adaptation to a high-altitude environment that poses great challenges to human activity.Here,we reconstruct a 4000-year maternal genetic history of Tibetans using 128 ancient mitochondrial genome data from 37 sites in Xizang.The phylogeny of haplotypes M9a1a,M9a1b,D4g2,G2a’c,and D4i show that ancient Tibetans share the most recent common ancestor with ancient Middle and Upper Yellow River populations around the Early and Middle Holocene.In addition,the connections between Tibetans and Northeastern Asians vary over the past 4000 years,with a stronger matrilineal connection between the two during 4000 BPe3000 BP,and a weakened connection after 3000 BP,that are coincident with climate change,followed by a reinforced connection after the Tubo period(1400 BPe1100 BP).Besides,an over 4000-year matrilineal continuity is observed in some of the maternal lineages.We also find the maternal genetic structure of ancient Tibetans is correlated to the geography and interactions between ancient Tibetans and ancient Nepal and Pakistan populations.Overall,the maternal genetic history of Tibetans can be characterized as a long-term matrilineal continuity with frequent internal and external population interactions that are dynamically shaped by geography,climate changes,as well as historical events.
基金financially supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YFYZ0031,2021YFYZ0007)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-40).
文摘Background:The egg production performance of chickens is affected by many factors,including genetics,nutrition and environmental conditions.These factors all play a role in egg production by affecting the development of follicles.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are important non-coding RNAs that regulate biological processes by targeting genes or other non-coding RNAs after transcription.In the animal reproduction process,miRNA is known to affect the development and atresia of follicles by regulating apoptosis and autophagy of granulosa cells(GCs).Results:In this study,we identified potential miRNAs in the atretic follicles of broody chickens and unatretic follicles of healthy chickens.We identified gga-miR-30a-5p in 50 differentially expressed miRNAs and found that gga-miR-30a-5p played a regulatory role in the development of chicken follicles.The function of miR-30a-5p was explored through the transfection test of miR-30a-5p inhibitor and miR-30a-5p mimics.In the study,we used qPCR,western blot and flow cytometry to detect granulosa cell apoptosis,autophagy and steroid hormone synthesis.Confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are used for the observation of autophagolysosomes.The levels of estradiol(E2),progesterone(P4),malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were detected by ELISA.The results showed that miR-30a-5p showed a negative effect on autophagy and apoptosis of granulosa cells,and also contributed in steroid hormones and reactive oxygen species(ROS)production.In addition,the results obtained from the biosynthesis and dual luciferase experiments showed that Beclin1 was the target gene of miR-30a-5p.The rescue experiment conducted further confirmed that Beclin1 belongs to the miR-30a-5p regulatory pathway.Conclusions:In summary,after deep miRNA sequencing on healthy and atretic follicles,the results indicated that miR-30a-5p inhibits granulosa cell death by inhibiting Beclin1.
基金supported by“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(Grant No.2022C01021)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFB2200101)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61774133)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2018XZZX003-02)Natural Science Foundation of China for Innovative Research Groups(Grant No.61721005)Zhejiang University Education Foundation Global Partnership Fund.
文摘Discrimination of dislocations is critical to the statistics of dislocation densities in 4H silicon carbide(4H-SiC),which are routinely used to evaluate the quality of 4H-SiC single crystals and homoepitaxial layers.In this work,we show that the inclination angles of the etch pits of molten-alkali etched 4H-SiC can be adopted to discriminate threading screw dislocations(TSDs),threading edge dislocations(TEDs)and basal plane dislocations(BPDs)in 4H-SiC.In n-type 4H-SiC,the inclination angles of the etch pits of TSDs,TEDs and BPDs in molten-alkali etched 4H-SiC are in the ranges of 27°−35°,8°−15°and 2°−4°,respectively.In semi-insulating 4H-SiC,the inclination angles of the etch pits of TSDs and TEDs are in the ranges of 31°−34°and 21°−24°,respectively.The inclination angles of dislocation-related etch pits are independent of the etching duration,which facilitates the discrimination and statistic of dislocations in 4H-SiC.More significantly,the inclination angle of a threading mixed dislocations(TMDs)is found to consist of characteristic angles of both TEDs and TSDs.This enables to distinguish TMDs from TSDs in 4H-SiC.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3800300,2018YFE0206900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072138)the technical support from the Analytical and Testing Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST)。
文摘Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolyte is always the most promising candidate for preparing thinner, lighter and safer lithium-ion batteries. However, the lithium dendrites growth of lithium anode and the high-voltage oxidation of cathode are easy to cause the PEO-based battery failure.The way to deal with the different challenges on both sides of the anode and cathode is pursued all the time. In this study, we reported a new strategy to construct the PVDF/PEO/PVDF three-layer structure for solid polymer electrolyte(marked as PVDF@PEO) using PVDF as the functional “skin”. The PVDF@PEO electrolyte can effectively prevent from the lithium dendrites, and shows a stable cycling life over1000 h in the Li/PVDF@PEO/Li cell. In addition, the PVDF@PEO electrolyte exhibits higher oxidation resistance and can be matched with high-voltage LiCoO_(2) cathode. The Li/PVDF@PEO/LiCoO_(2) cell delivered a specific capacity of about 150 m Ah g^(-1) over 150 cycles and maintained good cycling stability. Our research provides insights that the polymer electrolytes constructed with PVDF functional “skin” can simultaneously meet the challenges of both anode and cathode in solid-state lithium-ion batteries(SSLIBs).
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51805542)the Strategic Cooperation Technology Projects of CNPC and CUPB(ZLZX2020-05)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462020YXZZ046 and 2462020XKJS01)
文摘Pipeline inner inspection technology based on Pipeline Inspection Gauge(PIG),is the primary means for ensuring the safety of submarine pipelines.The dynamic characteristics of a PIG can change abruptly with the excitation of obstacles such as girth welds inside the pipeline,which would result in failure or inaccuracy of the inspection results.This study establishes a dynamic model of the PIG sealing disc based on Kelvin spring damping in the circumferentially confined space.The axial vibration differential equations of the PIG is examined in detail.MSC/ADAMS is used to conduct the dynamic simulation of the PIG at different motion velocities and center of mass positions while passing through the girth weld process.Results indicate that the axial vibration caused by the girth weld intensifies substantially as the speed of the PIG increases,while the pitch and vertical vibrations exhibit a significant decline with an increase in the motion velocity.The change in the PIG’s center of mass positions has little effect on its axial vibration,while the pitch and vertical vibration conditions are significantly different in the same circumstances.
文摘The exploitation of renewable energy as well as the elimination of the harmful impact of excessive carbon emission are worldwide concerns for sustainable development of the ecological environment on earth.To address that,the technologies regarding energy conversion systems,such as water splitting and electroreduction of carbon dioxide,have attracted significant attention for a few decades.Yet,to date,the production of green fuels and/or high energy density chemicals like hydrogen,methane,and ethanol,are still suffering from many drawbacks including high energy consumption,low selectivity,and sluggish reaction rate.In this regard,nanostructured bimetallic materials that is capable of taking the full benefits of the coupling effects between different elements/components with structure modification in nanoscale are considered as a promising strategy for high-performance electrocatalysts.Herein,this review aims to outline the important progress of these nanostructured bimetallic electrocatalysts.It starts with the introduction of some important fundamental background knowledge about the reaction mechanism to understand how these reactions happen.Subsequently,we summarize the most recent progress regarding how the nanostructured bimetallic electrocatalysts manipulate the activity and selectivity of catalytic reactions in the order of bimetallic alloying effect,interface/substrate effect of bi-component electrocatalyst,and nanostructuring effect.
文摘Aiming at the problem that node load is rarely considered in existing clustering routing algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), a dynamic clustering routing algorithm for WSN is presented in this paper called DCRCL (Dynamic Clustering Routing Considering Load). This algorithm is comprised of three phases including cluster head (CH) selection, cluster setup and inter-cluster routing. First, the CHs are selected based on residual energy and node load. Then the non-CH nodes choose a cluster by comparing the cost function of its neighbor CHs. At last, each CH communicates with base station by using multi-hop communication. The simulation results show that comparing with the existing one, the techniques life cycle and date volume of the network are increased by 30.7 percent and 29.8 percent respectively by using the proposed algorithm DCRCL.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.62275142)Shenzhen Stability Support Program Project(NO.WDZC 20231124201906001)Guangdong Basic and Applied Research Fund(NO.2021B1515120007).
文摘This study proposes a novel heterodyne grating interferometer designed to meet the multi-dimensional atomiclevel measurement demands of next-generation lithography systems and large-scale atomic-level manufacturing.By utilizing a dual-frequency laser source,the interferometer enables simultaneous three-degree-of-freedom(3-DOF)displacement measurements.Key innovations include a compact,zero dead-zone optical path architecture,which enhances measurement robustness by minimizing sensitivity to laser source instabilities and atmospheric refractive index fluctuations.In addition,we present a systematic crosstalk error analysis,coupled with a corresponding compensation algorithm,effectively reducing crosstalk-induced errors to below 5%.Experimental evaluation of the 90×90×40 mm^(3) prototype demonstrates outstanding performance metrics:sub-nanometer resolutions(0.25 nm for X/Y-axes,0.3 nm for Z-axis),superior linearity coefficients(6.9×10^(−5),8.1×10^(−5),16.2×10^(−5) for X-,Y-,and Z-axes,respectively),high repeatability(0.8 nm@1000 nm for all axes),exceptional long-term stability(20 nm XY-plane drift,60 nm Z-axis drift over 1000 s),and practical measurement ranges exceeding 10 mm inplane and 2 mm axially.Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art sensors demonstrates significant advantages in measurement precision,system integration,and multi-axis capability.This advancement highlights excellent potential for applications in integrated circuit fabrication,atomic-scale manufacturing,and ultra-precision metrology for aerospace systems.
