The production of heavy and extra-heavy oil is challenging because of the rheological properties that crude oil presents due to its high asphaltene content.The upgrading and recovery processes of these unconventional ...The production of heavy and extra-heavy oil is challenging because of the rheological properties that crude oil presents due to its high asphaltene content.The upgrading and recovery processes of these unconventional oils are typically water and energy intensive,which makes such processes costly and environmentally unfriendly.Nanoparticle catalysts could be used to enhance the upgrading and recovery of heavy oil under both in situ and ex situ conditions.In this study,the effect of the Ni-Pd nanocatalysts supported on fumed silica nanoparticles on post-adsorption catalytic thermal cracking of n-C_7 asphaltenes was investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with FTIR.The performance of catalytic thermal cracking of n-C_7asphaltenes in the presence of NiO and PdO supported on fumed silica nanoparticles was better than on the fumed silica support alone.For a fixed amount of adsorbed n-C_7asphaltenes（0.2 mg/m～2）,bimetallic nanoparticles showed better catalytic behavior than monometallic nanoparticles,confirming their synergistic effects.The corrected OzawaFlynn-Wall equation（OFW） was used to estimate the effective activation energies of the catalytic process.The mechanism function,kinetic parameters,and transition state thermodynamic functions for the thermal cracking process of n-C_7 asphaltenes in the presence and absence of nanoparticles are investigated.展开更多
The conservation of rheological and filtration properties of drilling fluids is essential during drilling operations.However,high-pressure and high-temperature conditions may affect drilling fluid additives,leading to...The conservation of rheological and filtration properties of drilling fluids is essential during drilling operations.However,high-pressure and high-temperature conditions may affect drilling fluid additives,leading to their degradation and reduced performance during operation.Hence,the main objective of this study is to formulate and evaluate a viscoelastic surfactant(VES)to design water-based drilling nanofluids(DNF).Silica nanomaterials are also incorporated into fluids to improve their main functional characteristics under harsh conditions.The investigation included:i)synthesis and characterization of VES through zeta potential,thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),atomic force microscopy(AFM),and rheological behavior;ii)the effect of the presence of VES combined with silica nanoparticles on the rheological,filtration,thermal,and structural properties by steady and dynamic shear rheological,filter press,thermal aging assays,and SEM(SEM)assays,respectively;and iii)evaluation of filtration properties at the pore scale through a microfluidic approach.The rheological results showed that water-based muds(WBMs)in the presence of VES exhibited shearthinning and viscoelastic behavior slightly higher than that of WBMs with xanthan gum(XGD).Furthermore,the filtration and thermal properties of the drilling fluid improved in the presence of VES and silica nanoparticles at 0.1 wt%.Compared to the WBMs based on XGD,the 30-min filtrate volume for DNF was reduced by 75%.Moreover,the Herschel-Bulkley model was employed to represent the rheological behavior of fluids with an R2of approximately 0.99.According to SEM,laminar and spherical microstructures were observed for the WBMs based on VES and XGD,respectively.A uniform distribution of the nanoparticles was observed in the WBMs.The results obtained from microfluidic experiments indicated low dynamic filtration for fluids containing VES and silica nanoparticles.Specifically,the filtrate volume of fluids containing VES and VES with silica nanoparticles at 281 min was 0.35 and 0.04 m L,respectively.The differences in the rheological,filtration,thermal,and structural results were mainly associated with the morphological structure of VES or XGD and surface interactions with other WBMs additives.展开更多
This study evaluated the effect of monovalent and divalent ions and the dosage of a SiO_(2)-based nanocomposite on the thermochemical stability of HPAM polymeric solution.Chelating amine–functionalized NPs(AFNPs)were...This study evaluated the effect of monovalent and divalent ions and the dosage of a SiO_(2)-based nanocomposite on the thermochemical stability of HPAM polymeric solution.Chelating amine–functionalized NPs(AFNPs)were used to enhance the thermochemical stability of HPAM based on capturing monovalent/divalent ions after seven days at 70°C.Different polymer solutions prepared with calcium chloride dihydrate(CaCl2·2H2O)at 2000 mg/L and sodium chloride(NaCl)at 10000 mg/L,and two different dosages of HPAM(1000 and 2000 mg/L)were assessed in the presence and absence of AFNPs at dosages of 200,500 and 1000 mg/L.The nanocomposite was characterized by N2 adsorption,Fourier-transformed infrared spectrophotometry(FTIR),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),dynamic Light Scattering(DLS),and Zeta potential(ZP).Stability tests over time confirmed the positive effect of nanocomposite on increasing the thermochemical stability of polymer solutions.Results revealed that adding 0,200,and 500 mg/L of nanocomposite to the polymeric solution at 1000 mg/L of HPAM,10000 mg/L of NaCl,and 2000 mg/L of CaCl2·2H2O led to the viscosity reductions of 73.5%,18%,and less than 1%after 7 days(70°C),respectively.Nanocomposite at 200 mg/L reduces the polymer degradation in the presence of the two salts evaluated separately,i.e.,20%for 10000 mg/L of NaCl and 15%for 2000 mg/L of CaCl2·2H2O.The adsorption tests on AFNPs and SiO_(2)NPs concluded that AFNPs had higher adsorption of cations in comparison to SiO_(2)NPs and that greater adsorption of cations is related to a reduction in polymer degradation.展开更多
基金the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)the Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering at the Schulich School of Engineering at the University of Calgary
文摘The production of heavy and extra-heavy oil is challenging because of the rheological properties that crude oil presents due to its high asphaltene content.The upgrading and recovery processes of these unconventional oils are typically water and energy intensive,which makes such processes costly and environmentally unfriendly.Nanoparticle catalysts could be used to enhance the upgrading and recovery of heavy oil under both in situ and ex situ conditions.In this study,the effect of the Ni-Pd nanocatalysts supported on fumed silica nanoparticles on post-adsorption catalytic thermal cracking of n-C_7 asphaltenes was investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with FTIR.The performance of catalytic thermal cracking of n-C_7asphaltenes in the presence of NiO and PdO supported on fumed silica nanoparticles was better than on the fumed silica support alone.For a fixed amount of adsorbed n-C_7asphaltenes（0.2 mg/m～2）,bimetallic nanoparticles showed better catalytic behavior than monometallic nanoparticles,confirming their synergistic effects.The corrected OzawaFlynn-Wall equation（OFW） was used to estimate the effective activation energies of the catalytic process.The mechanism function,kinetic parameters,and transition state thermodynamic functions for the thermal cracking process of n-C_7 asphaltenes in the presence and absence of nanoparticles are investigated.
基金funded by Fondo Francisco Jose de Caldas,MINCIENCIAS and Agencia Nacional de hidrocarburos(ANH)through contract No.112721-282-2023(Project 1118-1035-9300)with Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medellin and PAREX RESOURCES COLOMBIA AG SUCURSAL。
文摘The conservation of rheological and filtration properties of drilling fluids is essential during drilling operations.However,high-pressure and high-temperature conditions may affect drilling fluid additives,leading to their degradation and reduced performance during operation.Hence,the main objective of this study is to formulate and evaluate a viscoelastic surfactant(VES)to design water-based drilling nanofluids(DNF).Silica nanomaterials are also incorporated into fluids to improve their main functional characteristics under harsh conditions.The investigation included:i)synthesis and characterization of VES through zeta potential,thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),atomic force microscopy(AFM),and rheological behavior;ii)the effect of the presence of VES combined with silica nanoparticles on the rheological,filtration,thermal,and structural properties by steady and dynamic shear rheological,filter press,thermal aging assays,and SEM(SEM)assays,respectively;and iii)evaluation of filtration properties at the pore scale through a microfluidic approach.The rheological results showed that water-based muds(WBMs)in the presence of VES exhibited shearthinning and viscoelastic behavior slightly higher than that of WBMs with xanthan gum(XGD).Furthermore,the filtration and thermal properties of the drilling fluid improved in the presence of VES and silica nanoparticles at 0.1 wt%.Compared to the WBMs based on XGD,the 30-min filtrate volume for DNF was reduced by 75%.Moreover,the Herschel-Bulkley model was employed to represent the rheological behavior of fluids with an R2of approximately 0.99.According to SEM,laminar and spherical microstructures were observed for the WBMs based on VES and XGD,respectively.A uniform distribution of the nanoparticles was observed in the WBMs.The results obtained from microfluidic experiments indicated low dynamic filtration for fluids containing VES and silica nanoparticles.Specifically,the filtrate volume of fluids containing VES and VES with silica nanoparticles at 281 min was 0.35 and 0.04 m L,respectively.The differences in the rheological,filtration,thermal,and structural results were mainly associated with the morphological structure of VES or XGD and surface interactions with other WBMs additives.
基金Universidad Nacional de ColombiaSede Medellín for the support providedFondo Francisco Jose de Caldas, MINCIENCIAS, and Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos (ANH) for the support provided through contract No. 112721-282-2023 (Project 282-2023)
文摘This study evaluated the effect of monovalent and divalent ions and the dosage of a SiO_(2)-based nanocomposite on the thermochemical stability of HPAM polymeric solution.Chelating amine–functionalized NPs(AFNPs)were used to enhance the thermochemical stability of HPAM based on capturing monovalent/divalent ions after seven days at 70°C.Different polymer solutions prepared with calcium chloride dihydrate(CaCl2·2H2O)at 2000 mg/L and sodium chloride(NaCl)at 10000 mg/L,and two different dosages of HPAM(1000 and 2000 mg/L)were assessed in the presence and absence of AFNPs at dosages of 200,500 and 1000 mg/L.The nanocomposite was characterized by N2 adsorption,Fourier-transformed infrared spectrophotometry(FTIR),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),dynamic Light Scattering(DLS),and Zeta potential(ZP).Stability tests over time confirmed the positive effect of nanocomposite on increasing the thermochemical stability of polymer solutions.Results revealed that adding 0,200,and 500 mg/L of nanocomposite to the polymeric solution at 1000 mg/L of HPAM,10000 mg/L of NaCl,and 2000 mg/L of CaCl2·2H2O led to the viscosity reductions of 73.5%,18%,and less than 1%after 7 days(70°C),respectively.Nanocomposite at 200 mg/L reduces the polymer degradation in the presence of the two salts evaluated separately,i.e.,20%for 10000 mg/L of NaCl and 15%for 2000 mg/L of CaCl2·2H2O.The adsorption tests on AFNPs and SiO_(2)NPs concluded that AFNPs had higher adsorption of cations in comparison to SiO_(2)NPs and that greater adsorption of cations is related to a reduction in polymer degradation.
