软件定义网络与网络功能虚拟化的发展,使得运营商可以更加灵活的根据用户请求部署服务功能链(Service Function Chains,SFC)为用户提供服务.当前对SFC部署方法的研究大多考虑了运营商的利益,不考虑用户体验到的服务质量(Quality of Serv...软件定义网络与网络功能虚拟化的发展,使得运营商可以更加灵活的根据用户请求部署服务功能链(Service Function Chains,SFC)为用户提供服务.当前对SFC部署方法的研究大多考虑了运营商的利益,不考虑用户体验到的服务质量(Quality of Service,QoS)或是考虑的维度单一.鉴于此,提出了一种用户QoS与网络资源感知的服务功能链部署方法SA-TS,该方法综合考虑用户多个维度的QoS需求与运营商的成本,形式化描述了底层资源的约束条件,用时延、服务可用性、链路丢包及拥塞刻画了用户需求.SA-TS方法首先利用模拟退火算法构造了一个满足约束条件的启发式的初始解,然后结合禁忌搜索算法的记忆功能,在该可行解的邻域构造了一组候选解,最后利用禁忌表使候选解朝最小化运营商成本的目标函数不断移动寻优,直到得到最优解.仿真结果表明,该方法在有限的网络资源中很好的保证了用户对服务的QoS需求,得到的解的质量较高,相比于GLR和GLT两种方法,部署成功率平均提高了11%,链路拥塞率平均降低了16%.展开更多
To determine 13 flavonoids and glycyrrhizic acid in licorice （Glycyrrhiza spp.）, several samples from different areas were examined by HPLC-DAD analysisThe analysis was performed on a Zorbax Extend-C18 （250 mm×...To determine 13 flavonoids and glycyrrhizic acid in licorice （Glycyrrhiza spp.）, several samples from different areas were examined by HPLC-DAD analysisThe analysis was performed on a Zorbax Extend-C18 （250 mm× 4.6 mm, 5 μm） column connected with a Zorbax Extend guard column （20 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm）. The mobile phase consisted of （A） acetonitrile and （B） 0.026% aqueous H3PO4 （V/V） using a gradient elution of 20%-25% A at 0-20 min, 25%-33% A at 20-30 min, 33%-50% A at 30-55 min, 50%-60% A at 55-65 min, and 60% A between 65 min and 80 min, and peaks were detected at 280 rim. The fourteen compounds were assigned by HPLC-Orbitrap MS methods. The regression coefficient for the linear equations for the 14 compounds ranged between 0.9998 and 1. The limits of detection and quantification lay in the range of 0.032-2.461 and 0.154-8.202 μg·mL^-1, respectively. The relative recovery rates for the 14 compounds were in the range of 93.90%-106.73% with RSDs being less than 5%. Coefficient variations for intra-day and inter-day precisions were in the range of 0.27%-2.38% and 0.31%-3.51%, respectively. In summary, the validated method was applied to the simultaneous determination of the 14 components in 29 different licorice samples and was proven to be suitable for quality evaluation of licorices and their active fractions.展开更多
Gambogic acid （GA） is an anticancer agent in phase IIb clinical trial in China but its mechanism of action has not been fully clarified. The present study was designed to search the possible target-related proteins ...Gambogic acid （GA） is an anticancer agent in phase IIb clinical trial in China but its mechanism of action has not been fully clarified. The present study was designed to search the possible target-related proteins of GA in cancer cells using proteomic method and establish possible network using bioinformatic analysis. Cytotoxicity and anti-migration effects of GA in MDA-MB-231 cells were checked using MTT assay, flow cytometry, wound migration assay, and chamber migration assay. Possible target-related proteins of GA at early （3 h） and late stage （24 h） of treatment were searched using a proteomic technology, two-dimensional electro- phoresis （2-DE）. The possible network of GA was established using bioinformatic analysis. The intracellular expression levels of vimentin, keratin 18, and calumenin were determined using Western blotting. GA inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, GA exhibited anti-migration effects at non-toxic doses. In 2-DE analysis, totally 23 possible GA targeted proteins were found, including those with functions in cytoskeleton and transport, regulation of redox state, metabolism, ubiquitin-proteasome system, transcription and translation, protein transport and modification, and cytokine. Network analysis of these proteins suggested that cytoskeleton-related proteins might play important roles in the effects of GA. Results of Western blotting confirmed the cleavage of vimentin, increase in keratin 18, and decrease in calumenin levels in GA-treated cells. In summary, GA is a multi-target compound and its anti-cancer effects may be based on several target-related pro- teins such as cytoskeleton-related proteins.展开更多
文摘软件定义网络与网络功能虚拟化的发展,使得运营商可以更加灵活的根据用户请求部署服务功能链(Service Function Chains,SFC)为用户提供服务.当前对SFC部署方法的研究大多考虑了运营商的利益,不考虑用户体验到的服务质量(Quality of Service,QoS)或是考虑的维度单一.鉴于此,提出了一种用户QoS与网络资源感知的服务功能链部署方法SA-TS,该方法综合考虑用户多个维度的QoS需求与运营商的成本,形式化描述了底层资源的约束条件,用时延、服务可用性、链路丢包及拥塞刻画了用户需求.SA-TS方法首先利用模拟退火算法构造了一个满足约束条件的启发式的初始解,然后结合禁忌搜索算法的记忆功能,在该可行解的邻域构造了一组候选解,最后利用禁忌表使候选解朝最小化运营商成本的目标函数不断移动寻优,直到得到最优解.仿真结果表明,该方法在有限的网络资源中很好的保证了用户对服务的QoS需求,得到的解的质量较高,相比于GLR和GLT两种方法,部署成功率平均提高了11%,链路拥塞率平均降低了16%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81001630)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.10ZR1436400)+1 种基金Major Projects of Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KSCX2-YW-R-166)the Twelfth Five-Year National Science&Technology Support Program(No.2012BAI29B06)
文摘To determine 13 flavonoids and glycyrrhizic acid in licorice （Glycyrrhiza spp.）, several samples from different areas were examined by HPLC-DAD analysisThe analysis was performed on a Zorbax Extend-C18 （250 mm× 4.6 mm, 5 μm） column connected with a Zorbax Extend guard column （20 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm）. The mobile phase consisted of （A） acetonitrile and （B） 0.026% aqueous H3PO4 （V/V） using a gradient elution of 20%-25% A at 0-20 min, 25%-33% A at 20-30 min, 33%-50% A at 30-55 min, 50%-60% A at 55-65 min, and 60% A between 65 min and 80 min, and peaks were detected at 280 rim. The fourteen compounds were assigned by HPLC-Orbitrap MS methods. The regression coefficient for the linear equations for the 14 compounds ranged between 0.9998 and 1. The limits of detection and quantification lay in the range of 0.032-2.461 and 0.154-8.202 μg·mL^-1, respectively. The relative recovery rates for the 14 compounds were in the range of 93.90%-106.73% with RSDs being less than 5%. Coefficient variations for intra-day and inter-day precisions were in the range of 0.27%-2.38% and 0.31%-3.51%, respectively. In summary, the validated method was applied to the simultaneous determination of the 14 components in 29 different licorice samples and was proven to be suitable for quality evaluation of licorices and their active fractions.
基金supported by the Twelfth Five-Year National Science & Technology Support Program(No.2012BAI 29B06)Shanghai Science & Technology Support Program(No.13431900 401)+4 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(No.2012M5 10907)Shanghai Postdoctoral Scientific Program(No.13R21417800)the Postdoctor Research Program of Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2012KIP516)the Sanofi-Aventis-Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Scholarship Programthe National Nature Science Foundation(Nos.81302809 and 81373964)
文摘Gambogic acid （GA） is an anticancer agent in phase IIb clinical trial in China but its mechanism of action has not been fully clarified. The present study was designed to search the possible target-related proteins of GA in cancer cells using proteomic method and establish possible network using bioinformatic analysis. Cytotoxicity and anti-migration effects of GA in MDA-MB-231 cells were checked using MTT assay, flow cytometry, wound migration assay, and chamber migration assay. Possible target-related proteins of GA at early （3 h） and late stage （24 h） of treatment were searched using a proteomic technology, two-dimensional electro- phoresis （2-DE）. The possible network of GA was established using bioinformatic analysis. The intracellular expression levels of vimentin, keratin 18, and calumenin were determined using Western blotting. GA inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, GA exhibited anti-migration effects at non-toxic doses. In 2-DE analysis, totally 23 possible GA targeted proteins were found, including those with functions in cytoskeleton and transport, regulation of redox state, metabolism, ubiquitin-proteasome system, transcription and translation, protein transport and modification, and cytokine. Network analysis of these proteins suggested that cytoskeleton-related proteins might play important roles in the effects of GA. Results of Western blotting confirmed the cleavage of vimentin, increase in keratin 18, and decrease in calumenin levels in GA-treated cells. In summary, GA is a multi-target compound and its anti-cancer effects may be based on several target-related pro- teins such as cytoskeleton-related proteins.
