Short process forming techniques for brazing and soldering materials can shorten the process,improve product quality,and increase production efficiency,which has received much attention from welding researchers.This r...Short process forming techniques for brazing and soldering materials can shorten the process,improve product quality,and increase production efficiency,which has received much attention from welding researchers.This review mainly summarized the research reports on short process forming techniques for brazing and soldering materials.Firstly,the traditional process and its shortcomings were presented.Secondly,the latest research of short process forming technologies,such as continuous casting technique,atomization powder technique,solder ball forming technique,and rapid solidification technique,was summarized,and the traditional forming performance of several brazing and soldering materials was introduced.Finally,the current restrictions and research trends of short process forming technique for brazing and solder materials were put forward,providing theoretical guidance and reference for related research and technique development in brazing and soldering field.展开更多
Flux-coated brazing and soldering material is a type of material-saving and emission-reducing composite material in recent years,which is the representative product of the development of brazing and soldering technolo...Flux-coated brazing and soldering material is a type of material-saving and emission-reducing composite material in recent years,which is the representative product of the development of brazing and soldering technology,which is highly concerned by welding researchers worldwide.This work mainly reviewed the research reports on the design,preparation technology,and application of flux-coated brazing and soldering materials,put forward the shortcomings of current research,and proposed the future research directions mainly focusing on the standards,the synergistic reaction mechanism between flux and metals,the alloying,and the morphology of flux-coated brazing and soldering materials in order to provide reference information and theoretical guidance for related research and technological development in the field of welding.展开更多
Nitrous acid （HONO）, as a primary precursor of OH radicals, has been considered one of the most important nitrogencontaining species in the atmosphere. Up to 30% of primary OH radical production is attributed to the...Nitrous acid （HONO）, as a primary precursor of OH radicals, has been considered one of the most important nitrogencontaining species in the atmosphere. Up to 30% of primary OH radical production is attributed to the photolysis of HONO. However, the major HONO formation mechanisms are still under discussion. During the Campaigns of Air Quality Research in Beijing and Surrounding Region （CAREBeijing2006） campaign, comprehensive measurements were carried out in the megacity Beijing, where the chemical budget of HONO was fully constrained. The average diurnal HONO concentration varied from 0.33 to 1.2 ppbv. The net OH production rate from HONO, Pon（HONO）net, was on average （from 05：00 to 19：00） 7.1 × 10^6 molecule/（cm^3 s）, 2.7 times higher than from 03 photolysis. This production rate demonstrates the important role of HONO in the atmospheric chemistry of megacity Beijing. An unknown HONO source （Punknown） with an average of 7.3 × 10^6 molecule/（cm^3 s） was derived from the budget analysis during daytime. Punknown provided four times more HONO than the reaction of NO with OH did. The diurnal variation of Punknown showed an apparent photo-enhanced feature with a maximum around 12：00, which was consistent with previous studies at forest and rural sites. Laboratory studies proposed new mechanisms to recruit NO2 and J（NO2） in order to explain a photo-enhancement of of Puknown. In this study, these mechanisms were validated against the observation-constraint Punknown. The reaction of exited NO2 accounted for only 6% of Puknown, and Punk poorly correlated with [NO2] （R = 0.26） and J（NO2）[NO2] （R = 0.35）. These results challenged the role of NO2 as a major precursor of the missing HONO source.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFB3401101)。
文摘Short process forming techniques for brazing and soldering materials can shorten the process,improve product quality,and increase production efficiency,which has received much attention from welding researchers.This review mainly summarized the research reports on short process forming techniques for brazing and soldering materials.Firstly,the traditional process and its shortcomings were presented.Secondly,the latest research of short process forming technologies,such as continuous casting technique,atomization powder technique,solder ball forming technique,and rapid solidification technique,was summarized,and the traditional forming performance of several brazing and soldering materials was introduced.Finally,the current restrictions and research trends of short process forming technique for brazing and solder materials were put forward,providing theoretical guidance and reference for related research and technique development in brazing and soldering field.
基金Henan Province Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(Z20231811002)。
文摘Flux-coated brazing and soldering material is a type of material-saving and emission-reducing composite material in recent years,which is the representative product of the development of brazing and soldering technology,which is highly concerned by welding researchers worldwide.This work mainly reviewed the research reports on the design,preparation technology,and application of flux-coated brazing and soldering materials,put forward the shortcomings of current research,and proposed the future research directions mainly focusing on the standards,the synergistic reaction mechanism between flux and metals,the alloying,and the morphology of flux-coated brazing and soldering materials in order to provide reference information and theoretical guidance for related research and technological development in the field of welding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21190052,40675072,41121004)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2002CB410801)the Beijing Council of Science and Technology(HB200504-6,HB200504-2)
文摘Nitrous acid （HONO）, as a primary precursor of OH radicals, has been considered one of the most important nitrogencontaining species in the atmosphere. Up to 30% of primary OH radical production is attributed to the photolysis of HONO. However, the major HONO formation mechanisms are still under discussion. During the Campaigns of Air Quality Research in Beijing and Surrounding Region （CAREBeijing2006） campaign, comprehensive measurements were carried out in the megacity Beijing, where the chemical budget of HONO was fully constrained. The average diurnal HONO concentration varied from 0.33 to 1.2 ppbv. The net OH production rate from HONO, Pon（HONO）net, was on average （from 05：00 to 19：00） 7.1 × 10^6 molecule/（cm^3 s）, 2.7 times higher than from 03 photolysis. This production rate demonstrates the important role of HONO in the atmospheric chemistry of megacity Beijing. An unknown HONO source （Punknown） with an average of 7.3 × 10^6 molecule/（cm^3 s） was derived from the budget analysis during daytime. Punknown provided four times more HONO than the reaction of NO with OH did. The diurnal variation of Punknown showed an apparent photo-enhanced feature with a maximum around 12：00, which was consistent with previous studies at forest and rural sites. Laboratory studies proposed new mechanisms to recruit NO2 and J（NO2） in order to explain a photo-enhancement of of Puknown. In this study, these mechanisms were validated against the observation-constraint Punknown. The reaction of exited NO2 accounted for only 6% of Puknown, and Punk poorly correlated with [NO2] （R = 0.26） and J（NO2）[NO2] （R = 0.35）. These results challenged the role of NO2 as a major precursor of the missing HONO source.
