Backward Monte Carlo method of the complicated and exact three-dimensional turbine with the spectral emission and reflection characteristics of the turbine blades materials and the spectral absorption and emission cha...Backward Monte Carlo method of the complicated and exact three-dimensional turbine with the spectral emission and reflection characteristics of the turbine blades materials and the spectral absorption and emission characteristics of combustion gas is established.The factors affecting the accuracy of the radiation temperature measurement are analyzed.The results show that reducing the distance from the probe to the target surface can reduce the effect of the environment on the measurement accuracy.Increasing the temperature and emissivity of the target surface can improve the measurement accuracy.The reflection characteristics of the surfaces have little influence on the radiation temperature measurement,so the blades can be considered as diffuse reflectors in order to improve the calculation efficiency.The temperature measurement accuracy decreases rapidly as the temperature of the combustion gas increases.The temperature measurement accuracy decreases with the increase of total gas pressure and H_(2)O concentration.When measuring the temperature of rotating blades,the apparent emissivity of the target surface is inversely proportional to the measurement accuracy.展开更多
Energy efficiency issues are being focused on the growing concern of global warming and environmental pollution.The high-temperature heat pipe(HTHP) is an effective and environmental-friendly heat transfer device empl...Energy efficiency issues are being focused on the growing concern of global warming and environmental pollution.The high-temperature heat pipe(HTHP) is an effective and environmental-friendly heat transfer device employed in many industries,including solar power generation,high-temperature flue gas waste heat recovery,industrial furnaces,nuclear industries,and aviation.As a critical factor in HTHPs,thermal performance is mainly introduced in the entire paper.To date,most reviews have been published concerning one or several application scenarios.However,to the best of authors' knowledge,it is hard to find a review discussing how to improve the thermal performance of HTHPs comprehensively.First,the impact on the performance of three main components of HTHPs over the past 30 years is introduced:the working fluid,the HTHP structure,and the wick structure.Herein,it is a considerable review of the optimal operating conditions for each direction,and we expect this paper contribute to improving the thermal performance of HTHPs.Then,current numerical simulations and theoretical research on the heat transfer limit of HTHPs are recommended.The significant hypotheses used in numerical simulations and the present theoretical studies are compiled here.Finally,some potential future directions and tentative suggestions for HTHP research are put forward.展开更多
In this study,an experimental system was built to investigate the global performance of an 80-k W zigzag printed circuit heat exchanger(PCHE).It could meet the requirement of the pre-cooler for the supercritical carbo...In this study,an experimental system was built to investigate the global performance of an 80-k W zigzag printed circuit heat exchanger(PCHE).It could meet the requirement of the pre-cooler for the supercritical carbon dioxide(S-CO_(2))Brayton power cycle and the modified effectiveness considering the pinch point is between 61.5%and 79.3%.When the outlet S-CO_(2)temperature is near the pseudo-critical point,the thermo-physical properties have more effects on heat transfer performance compared to flow characteristics.For the local performance,the mass flow rates of both sides have crucial influences on the location where the peak of S-CO_(2)Nusselt number occurs while only the S-CO_(2)flow rate affects the variation of the peak value.In addition,the influence of the radius of curvature on the secondary-flow should not be ignored.In the end,new empirical correlations were proposed considering the drastic variations of the Prandtl number.展开更多
The inlet temperatures of gas turbines are generally increasing over time,so conventional cooling methods are likely to approach their useful limits.It is therefore essential to investigate novel cooling methods.Based...The inlet temperatures of gas turbines are generally increasing over time,so conventional cooling methods are likely to approach their useful limits.It is therefore essential to investigate novel cooling methods.Based on the theory of heat transfer enhancement,a novel film cooling method for gas turbine blades using a chemical heat sink is proposed.In this method,the endothermic reaction of an NH 3 cooling stream heated by the main gas stream takes place,reducing the convective heat transfer between the mainstream and the blades.Therefore,film cooling effectiveness is improved.To test the feasibility of the proposed method,numerical simulations were conducted,using the classical flat plate with a 30 degree angled cylindrical hole(diameter,D).Film cooling effectiveness at different blowing ratios(M = 0.5,1.0,and 1.5) were computed and compared with the results of conventional cooling methods.The simulation results show that the proposed method can enhance film cooling effectiveness not only in the stream-wise direction,but also in the span-wise direction.The span-averaged film effectiveness is improved in the presence of a chemical heat sink,with the value of X/D(the ratio of downstream distance from the center of the film hole to the diameter of the film hole) increasing downstream of the film hole.The novel film cooling approach showed the best performance at M = 0.5.展开更多
Due to its core phase change characteristics,microencapsulated phase change material(MPCM)can make many base fluids have better heat transfer characteristics.In this paper,the flow boiling heat transfer characteristic...Due to its core phase change characteristics,microencapsulated phase change material(MPCM)can make many base fluids have better heat transfer characteristics.In this paper,the flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of fluorinated liquid-based microencapsulated phase change material suspension(MPCMS)through vertical transparent quartz channel were studied.The effects of MPCM core phase change temperature and suspension flow velocity on boiling heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux were discussed,respectively.The results show that the appropriate concentration of MPCMS can enhance both the boiling heat transfer coefficient and the critical heat flux.The strengthening effect becomes weak with the increase of suspension flow velocity.The maximum strengthening rates of critical heat flux appear at 0.05 m/s,which are 25%(MPCMS(70℃)),16%(MPCMS(58℃))and 10%(MPCMS(28℃)).The phase change temperature of the MPCM core has important effects on the boiling heat transfer coefficient and the critical heat flux.The results showed that the MPCM with core phase change temperature higher than the boiling temperature of base fluid has the best enhancement effect.Different bubble behavior in vertical tube with different heat flux can be observed by high-speed photography system.The particle core phase change in MPCMS inhibits the aggregation of bubbles and forms many small bubbles to enhance heat transfer.The work lays a foundation for further exploring the industrial application of MPCMS.展开更多
基金supported by the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.YJKYYQ20200016)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.J2019-V-0006-0100)。
文摘Backward Monte Carlo method of the complicated and exact three-dimensional turbine with the spectral emission and reflection characteristics of the turbine blades materials and the spectral absorption and emission characteristics of combustion gas is established.The factors affecting the accuracy of the radiation temperature measurement are analyzed.The results show that reducing the distance from the probe to the target surface can reduce the effect of the environment on the measurement accuracy.Increasing the temperature and emissivity of the target surface can improve the measurement accuracy.The reflection characteristics of the surfaces have little influence on the radiation temperature measurement,so the blades can be considered as diffuse reflectors in order to improve the calculation efficiency.The temperature measurement accuracy decreases rapidly as the temperature of the combustion gas increases.The temperature measurement accuracy decreases with the increase of total gas pressure and H_(2)O concentration.When measuring the temperature of rotating blades,the apparent emissivity of the target surface is inversely proportional to the measurement accuracy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52006218)。
文摘Energy efficiency issues are being focused on the growing concern of global warming and environmental pollution.The high-temperature heat pipe(HTHP) is an effective and environmental-friendly heat transfer device employed in many industries,including solar power generation,high-temperature flue gas waste heat recovery,industrial furnaces,nuclear industries,and aviation.As a critical factor in HTHPs,thermal performance is mainly introduced in the entire paper.To date,most reviews have been published concerning one or several application scenarios.However,to the best of authors' knowledge,it is hard to find a review discussing how to improve the thermal performance of HTHPs comprehensively.First,the impact on the performance of three main components of HTHPs over the past 30 years is introduced:the working fluid,the HTHP structure,and the wick structure.Herein,it is a considerable review of the optimal operating conditions for each direction,and we expect this paper contribute to improving the thermal performance of HTHPs.Then,current numerical simulations and theoretical research on the heat transfer limit of HTHPs are recommended.The significant hypotheses used in numerical simulations and the present theoretical studies are compiled here.Finally,some potential future directions and tentative suggestions for HTHP research are put forward.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51606191)the National Key Research and Development Program-China(2017YFB0601803)Key deployment project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y7220112H1)。
文摘In this study,an experimental system was built to investigate the global performance of an 80-k W zigzag printed circuit heat exchanger(PCHE).It could meet the requirement of the pre-cooler for the supercritical carbon dioxide(S-CO_(2))Brayton power cycle and the modified effectiveness considering the pinch point is between 61.5%and 79.3%.When the outlet S-CO_(2)temperature is near the pseudo-critical point,the thermo-physical properties have more effects on heat transfer performance compared to flow characteristics.For the local performance,the mass flow rates of both sides have crucial influences on the location where the peak of S-CO_(2)Nusselt number occurs while only the S-CO_(2)flow rate affects the variation of the peak value.In addition,the influence of the radius of curvature on the secondary-flow should not be ignored.In the end,new empirical correlations were proposed considering the drastic variations of the Prandtl number.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50976118)the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB227302)
文摘The inlet temperatures of gas turbines are generally increasing over time,so conventional cooling methods are likely to approach their useful limits.It is therefore essential to investigate novel cooling methods.Based on the theory of heat transfer enhancement,a novel film cooling method for gas turbine blades using a chemical heat sink is proposed.In this method,the endothermic reaction of an NH 3 cooling stream heated by the main gas stream takes place,reducing the convective heat transfer between the mainstream and the blades.Therefore,film cooling effectiveness is improved.To test the feasibility of the proposed method,numerical simulations were conducted,using the classical flat plate with a 30 degree angled cylindrical hole(diameter,D).Film cooling effectiveness at different blowing ratios(M = 0.5,1.0,and 1.5) were computed and compared with the results of conventional cooling methods.The simulation results show that the proposed method can enhance film cooling effectiveness not only in the stream-wise direction,but also in the span-wise direction.The span-averaged film effectiveness is improved in the presence of a chemical heat sink,with the value of X/D(the ratio of downstream distance from the center of the film hole to the diameter of the film hole) increasing downstream of the film hole.The novel film cooling approach showed the best performance at M = 0.5.
基金This work was supported by the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.YJKYYQ20200016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52106117).
文摘Due to its core phase change characteristics,microencapsulated phase change material(MPCM)can make many base fluids have better heat transfer characteristics.In this paper,the flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of fluorinated liquid-based microencapsulated phase change material suspension(MPCMS)through vertical transparent quartz channel were studied.The effects of MPCM core phase change temperature and suspension flow velocity on boiling heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux were discussed,respectively.The results show that the appropriate concentration of MPCMS can enhance both the boiling heat transfer coefficient and the critical heat flux.The strengthening effect becomes weak with the increase of suspension flow velocity.The maximum strengthening rates of critical heat flux appear at 0.05 m/s,which are 25%(MPCMS(70℃)),16%(MPCMS(58℃))and 10%(MPCMS(28℃)).The phase change temperature of the MPCM core has important effects on the boiling heat transfer coefficient and the critical heat flux.The results showed that the MPCM with core phase change temperature higher than the boiling temperature of base fluid has the best enhancement effect.Different bubble behavior in vertical tube with different heat flux can be observed by high-speed photography system.The particle core phase change in MPCMS inhibits the aggregation of bubbles and forms many small bubbles to enhance heat transfer.The work lays a foundation for further exploring the industrial application of MPCMS.
