Osteomyelitis is a state of inflammation caused by pathogens with progressive bone destruction.In critical conditions,osteomyelitis can result in limb necrosis,dysfunction,and permanent disability.Traditional treatmen...Osteomyelitis is a state of inflammation caused by pathogens with progressive bone destruction.In critical conditions,osteomyelitis can result in limb necrosis,dysfunction,and permanent disability.Traditional treatments for osteomyelitis usually include antibiotics and surgical debridement.However,overuse of antibiotics can result in bacterial resistance and serious side effects.In this paper,a microwave(MW)-responsive composite MoS_(2)/Bi_(2)S_(3)/BaTiO_(3) was constructed from flaky nanoflower molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2)),rod-shaped bismuth sulfide(Bi_(2)S_(3)),and bulk barium titanate(BaTiO_(3))for the therapy of bacteriainfected osteomyelitis.Under MW irradiation,MoS_(2)/Bi_(2)S_(3)/BaTiO_(3) could generate MW heat and reactive oxygen species(ROS),and its MW thermal response mechanism was investigated by MW vector analysis,which showed that the MW thermal response performance of MoS_(2)/Bi_(2)S_(3)/BaTiO_(3) was devoted to the reflection loss,dielectric loss,and suitable impedance matching and attenuation constants induced by the interfacial polarization,dipole polarization,and ferroelectrode polarization.Under MW irradiation,due to strong electromagnetic field enhancement parameters and low oxygen adsorption energy,MoS_(2)/Bi_(2)S_(3)/BaTiO_(3) could form a heterogeneous interface to accelerate charge transfer,resulting in ROS.The antibacterial mechanism of MoS_(2)/Bi_(2)S_(3)/BaTiO_(3) was investigated by bacterial transcriptome RNA sequencing analysis,which indicated that MoS_(2)/Bi_(2)S_(3)/BaTiO_(3) had excellent antibacterial properties.展开更多
With prolonged exposure in the human body,titanium alloy implants face challenges associated with bacterial attachment and proliferation,leading to implant failure and severe complications.Photothermal therapy(PTT)eme...With prolonged exposure in the human body,titanium alloy implants face challenges associated with bacterial attachment and proliferation,leading to implant failure and severe complications.Photothermal therapy(PTT)emerges as an efficient strategy for biofilm elimination.However,the local high temperature of PTT and incomplete bacteria ablation in low-temperature PTT pose risks of damage to normal tissues and biofilm recalcitrance,respectively.In this study,we synergistically combined photothermal therapy and chemotherapy to mildly disrupt biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)to enhance the efficiency of biofilm ablation.The synergistic nanoplatform comprises near-infrared-light responsive con-jugated polymers,heat-sensitive liposomes,and the antibiotic daptomycin for biofilm elimination.The heat generated by conjugated polymers,stimulated with 808 nm light,alters biofilm permeability and releases antibiotics locally to eradicate biofilm.The nanoparticles exhibit biofilm dispersion activity and can effectively inhibit biofilm growth for up to 5 days.Consequently,this nanoplatform based on conjugated polymers offers a reliable method for ablating biofilms on titanium alloy implant and exhibits potential in drug-resistant clinical applications.展开更多
A new tintinnid ciliate,Salpingella subarctica Zhang,Li & Li,sp.nov.was discovered in waters from the subarctic north Pacific Ocean to the Arctic Ocean during six research cruises conducted between July and Septem...A new tintinnid ciliate,Salpingella subarctica Zhang,Li & Li,sp.nov.was discovered in waters from the subarctic north Pacific Ocean to the Arctic Ocean during six research cruises conducted between July and September over the past decade.Distinct lorica characteristics justify the establishment of this new species,distinguishing it from previously known species:an average lorica opening diameter(12.6 μm),an average posterior lorica opening diameter(3.6 μm),a smaller lorica length(41.8–69.5 μm),a prominent posterior opening,and 8–10 longitudinal fins extending parallelly from the opening to the posterior end.It occurred in water with temperature of-1.6–20.5℃ and salinity of 25.3–34.4,and preferred to salinity of 32,temperature of 11℃ in open ocean in Pacific Ocean,and 0℃ in Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea.展开更多
The development of sedimentary layers in offshore salt-bearing basins in the central segment of west Africa is closely linked to elements such as faults,igneous rocks and crustal thickness.To investigate their spatial...The development of sedimentary layers in offshore salt-bearing basins in the central segment of west Africa is closely linked to elements such as faults,igneous rocks and crustal thickness.To investigate their spatial relationships,we analyzed gravity and magnetic data in the oceanic areas,and employed edge detection,correlation analysis,and inversion techniques to study the characteristics of these geological elements.Our findings revealed numerous faults and igneous rocks in the crust underlying these non-volcanic continental margins,and these faults and igneous rocks continued to indirectly influence basin sedimentation since the rift period.On the basis of the thickness of the crust and sedimentary layers,we classified the offshore basins into four types of secondary structural units.Combined with the characteristics of faults and igneous rocks,we concluded that the exhumed bulges within the Western Uplift Zone are favorable for oil and gas exploration.展开更多
Ciliates are important components in planktonic food webs,but our understanding of their community structures in different oceanic water masses is limited.We report pelagic ciliate community characteristics in three s...Ciliates are important components in planktonic food webs,but our understanding of their community structures in different oceanic water masses is limited.We report pelagic ciliate community characteristics in three seas:the tropical West Pacific,the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean.Planktonic ciliate abundance had"bimodal-peak","surface-peak"and"DCM(deep chlorophyll a maximum layer)-peak"vertical distribution patterns in the tropical West Pacific,the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean,respectively.The abundance proportion of tintinnid to total ciliate in the Bering Sea(42.6%)was higher than both the tropical West Pacific(7.8%)and the Arctic Ocean(2.0%).The abundance proportion of small aloricate ciliates(10–20μm size-fraction)in the tropical West Pacific was highest in these three seas.The Arctic Ocean had higher abundance proportion of tintinnids in larger LOD(lorica oral diameter)size-class.Proportion of redundant species increased from the Arctic Ocean to the tropical West Pacific.Our result provided useful data to further understand ecology roles of planktonic ciliates in different marine habitats.展开更多
Trait structure is increasingly used in plankton ecology to understand diversity and biogeography.However,our knowledge of micro zooplankton(e.g.planktonic ciliates)trait structure and its variation with hydrography i...Trait structure is increasingly used in plankton ecology to understand diversity and biogeography.However,our knowledge of micro zooplankton(e.g.planktonic ciliates)trait structure and its variation with hydrography is limited.In this study,we analyzed planktonic ciliate trait structure in waters with different hydrography and deep Chlorophyll a maximum(DCM)layers over three seamounts:Yap,Mariana,and Caroline seamounts.Mariana seamount had a lower surface temperature than the Yap and Caroline seamounts.DCM layers over Mariana and Caroline seamounts were deeper than Yap seamount.There was a weak upwelling in upper 50 m around top of Mariana seamount.The ciliate distribution showed bimodal pattern(high abundance appeared in the surface and DCM layers)over three seamounts.At surface layer,the large size-fraction(>30μm)abundance proportion to aloricate ciliate over Yap seamount(44.4%)was higher than Mariana(32.8%)and Caroline(36.1%)seamounts.For tintinnid abundance proportion to total ciliate,Mariana(12.0%)and Caroline(11.5%)seamounts at about 100-m depth were higher than that of Yap seamount(6.4%).Vertically,tintinnid could be divided into 4 groups over the three seamounts.At30-m depth,group I(species occurring from surface to 100 m only)was dominant component over Yap and Caroline seamounts,while group IV(species occurring at every depth)changed into dominant component over Mariana seamount,the weak upwelling might be the reason.Salpingella faurei was the top dominant species,which corresponded to deeper DCM layers over Mariana and Caroline seamounts.Our results showed that the upwelling and the deeper DCM could influence the planktonic ciliate trait structure.展开更多
Rapid and accurate identification of potential structural deficiencies is a crucial task in evaluating seismic vulnerability of large building inventories in a region. In the case of multi-story structures, abrupt ver...Rapid and accurate identification of potential structural deficiencies is a crucial task in evaluating seismic vulnerability of large building inventories in a region. In the case of multi-story structures, abrupt vertical variations of story stiffness are known to significantly increase the likelihood of collapse during moderate or severe earthquakes. Identifying and retrofitting buildings with such irregularities—generally termed as soft-story buildings—is, therefore, vital in earthquake preparedness and loss mitigation efforts. Soft-story building identification through conventional means is a labor-intensive and time-consuming process. In this study, an automated procedure was devised based on deep learning techniques for identifying soft-story buildings from street-view images at a regional scale. A database containing a large number of building images and a semi-automated image labeling approach that effectively annotates new database entries was developed for developing the deep learning model. Extensive computational experiments were carried out to examine the effectiveness of the proposed procedure, and to gain insights into automated soft-story building identification.展开更多
Photocatalysis has been a research hotspot in recent years,and the design and modification of photocat-alysts have been the key points.Common methods for designing photocatalysts,including constructing heterojunctions...Photocatalysis has been a research hotspot in recent years,and the design and modification of photocat-alysts have been the key points.Common methods for designing photocatalysts,including constructing heterojunctions and homojunctions,have been developed on the basis of heterojunctions.In this study,two homojunctions of manganese dioxide(MnO_(2)),including a high-index crystal plane homojunction and a general homojunction,are prepared using a stepwise hydrothermal method.Using a capping agent,the high-index crystal surface of the MnO_(2)is exposed.It is found that the electron transport efficiency be-tween the two components of the homojunction with high-index planes is higher and the adsorption capacity of the oxygen is stronger,which leads to higher photocatalytic efficiency.In addition,the newly designed high-index homojunction is used for the treatment of bacterial infections,and it kills Staphy-lococcus aureus(S.aureus)and Escherichia coli(E.coli)at rates of 99.95%±0.04%and 99.31%±0.25%,respectively.It also has excellent therapeutic effects on mouse wounds,which implies superb practical application value.This work provides a new strategy for the improved design of homojunctions and the application of photocatalytic materials.展开更多
With urban residents’increasing reliance on metro systems for commuting and other daily activities,extreme weather events such as heavy rainfall and flooding impacting the metro system services are becoming increasin...With urban residents’increasing reliance on metro systems for commuting and other daily activities,extreme weather events such as heavy rainfall and flooding impacting the metro system services are becoming increasingly of concern.Plans for such emergency interruptions require a thorough understanding of the potential outcomes on both the system and individual component scales.However,due to the complex dynamics,constraints,and interactions of the elements involved(e.g.,disaster,infrastructure,service operation,and travel behavior),there is still no framework that comprehensively evaluates the system performance across different spatiotemporal scales and is flexible enough to handle increasingly detailed travel behavior,transit service,and disaster information data.Built on an agent-based model(ABM)framework,this study adopts a data-driven ABM simulation approach informed by actual metro operation and travel demand data to investigate the impact of flood-induced station closures on travelers as well as the overall system response.A before-after comparison is conducted where the traveler behaviors in disaster scenarios are obtained from a discrete choice model of alternative stations and routes.A case study of the Shanghai Metro is used to demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach in evaluating the impacts of flood-induced station closures on individual traveler behavior under normal operation and a series of water level rise scenarios of up to 5m.It was found that,when the flood-induced station closures only affect a few river-side stations in the city center,the travelers experience only minor disruptions to their trips due to the availability of unaffected stations nearby as a backup.However,as the water level increases and more stations(mainly in the suburban area)are affected,up to 25%of trips are no longer being fulfilled due to the loss of entrances,exits,or transfer links.The system experiences overall less crowdedness in terms of passenger volume and platform waiting time with a few exceptions of increased passenger load due to concentrations of passenger flows to alternative stations under flooding-induced station closures.The proposed approach can be adapted to other disaster scenarios to reveal the disaster impacts on both aggregated and disaggregated levels and guide the design of more spatio-and temporally-targeted emergency plans for metro systems.展开更多
The Zambezi Delta basin is a passive marginal basin located on the East African coast that has good oil and gas exploration potential.Due to the special geological evolutionary background of the Beira High in the Zamb...The Zambezi Delta basin is a passive marginal basin located on the East African coast that has good oil and gas exploration potential.Due to the special geological evolutionary background of the Beira High in the Zambezi Delta basin,it has a low gravity anomaly,and the existing seismic survey lines do not cover the whole basin;therefore,it is difficult to interpret the structural characteristics of the whole basin based solely on gravity or seismic data.Based on satellite altimetry gravity anomaly data,this study infers the distribution characteristics of faults in the Zambezi Delta basin by using the normalized vertical derivative of the total horizontal derivative(NVDR-THDR)technique.Then,constrained by seismic data,the gravity anomaly at the Moho interface is extracted by using the fast forward method of the double-interface model of the gravity anomaly,and this anomaly is then removed from the Bouguer gravity anomaly to obtain the sedimentary layer gravity anomaly.The thickness of the sedimentary strata is obtained by inversing the sedimentary basement depth of the whole basin.Then,uplifts and depressions are divided based on a sedimentary layer thickness of 3 km.This research demonstrates that the Zambezi Delta basin mainly features nearly SN-trending and NE-trending faults and that these faults exhibit east-west partitioning.The nearly SN-trending strike-slip faults controlled the sedimentary development of the basin,and the NE-trending tensile faults may have acted as migration channels for oil,gas and magma.The“overcompensation”effect of the Moho interface gravity anomaly on the gravity anomaly of the sedimentary layer is caused by the depression of the Moho interface beneath the Beira High,which results in a low gravity anomaly value for the Beira High.The pattern of uplifts and depressions trends NE and has the structural characteristics of east-west blocks.展开更多
Dear Editor,Underwater distributed antenna systems(DAS) are stationary infrastructures consisting of multiple geographically distributed antenna elements(DAEs) which are interconnected through high-rate backbone netwo...Dear Editor,Underwater distributed antenna systems(DAS) are stationary infrastructures consisting of multiple geographically distributed antenna elements(DAEs) which are interconnected through high-rate backbone networks [1]. Compared to centralized systems, the DAS could provide a larger coverage area and higher throughput for underwater acoustic(UWA) transmissions. In this work, exploiting the low sound speed in water, a multi-agent reinforcement learning(MARL)-based approach is proposed to secure underwater DAS against eavesdropping at the physical layer.展开更多
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by the imbalance of the periodontal microbial ecosystem.Traditional treatment methods not only kill pathogenic bacteria but also inhibit the growth of beneficial bacteri...Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by the imbalance of the periodontal microbial ecosystem.Traditional treatment methods not only kill pathogenic bacteria but also inhibit the growth of beneficial bacteria,thereby disrupting the balance of the oral microbial ecosystem.In this study,chitosan,hyaluronic acid,and puerarin were coated on live Lactobacillus rhamnosus to form probiotic-based PSCLR nanoparticles.Subsequently,these nanoparticles were encapsulated in hydrogel microspheres through emulsion polymerization and immobilized in the hydrogel network via the covalent cross-linking of methacrylate-modified hyaluronic acid.This hydrogel restores the balance of oral microbiota by reducing pathogenic bacteria and promoting probiotic diversity,which helps maintain ecological stability and minimize risks associated with microbial community dysbiosis.In addition,puerarin in the gel achieves analgesic and neuromodulatory effects by specifically antagonizing the P2X3 receptor,which affects pain transmission.This study provides a potential strategy for the antibiotic-free treatment of periodontitis and the neuropathic pain associated with it.展开更多
On-chip multidimensional multiplexing has shown considerable potential for enhancing transmission capacity and developing communication networks in integrated optical systems.Micro-ring resonators,which utilize the wa...On-chip multidimensional multiplexing has shown considerable potential for enhancing transmission capacity and developing communication networks in integrated optical systems.Micro-ring resonators,which utilize the wavelength-dependent whispering gallery resonance mechanism and feature customizable cavity lengths,offer inherent advantages for accurate wavelength filtering.These characteristics make them promising candidates for wavelength multiplexers.However,a significant challenge arises from the mismatch in the effective refractive index between orthogonal linear polarizations,which introduces complexities to polarization channel multiplexing and impedes progress in on-chip multidimensional multiplexing that integrates both wavelength and polarization channels.In this work,we propose a double-layer adiabatic structureconnected micro-ring resonator(AMRR)with vertical refractive index asymmetry,demonstrating its utility in multidimensional(de)multiplexers.Our approach enables polarization division multiplexing(PDM)by facilitating polarization rotation between transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations through polarization hybridization.The(de)multiplexing of both wavelength and polarization channels is achieved by controlling the incident light direction and filtering the resonance wavelength within the micro-ring resonator.As a proof of concept,we successfully transmitted 144 Gbit/s QPSK-OFDM signals and achieved bit error rates below the forward error correction threshold at-19 d Bm using the proposed multidimensional(de)multiplexer,which accommodates 3 wavelengths and 2 polarizations.Our design,which leverages the AMRR for simultaneous(de)multiplexing of wavelength and polarization channels,not only overcomes the limitation of traditional micro-ring resonators in implementing PDM,but also reduces the footprint of the multidimensional(de)multiplexer to 27μm×219μm,an order of magnitude smaller compared to conventional designs.展开更多
Open wounds are prone to infection and difficult to heal,which even threatens the life of patients because bacterial infections can induce other lethal complications without prompt treatment.The commonly used antibiot...Open wounds are prone to infection and difficult to heal,which even threatens the life of patients because bacterial infections can induce other lethal complications without prompt treatment.The commonly used antibiotics treatment for bacterial infections has been reported to cause globally bacterial resistance and even the occurrence of superbacteria.The highly effective and antibiotic-independent therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for treating various kinds of bacteria-infected diseases.In this work,we synthesized an eco-friendly nanohybrid material(ZnDMZ)consisting of a kind of biodegradable metal organic framework(MOF,ZIF-8)combined with Zn-doped MoS_(2)(Zn-MoS_(2))nanosheets,which exhibited great ability to kill bacteria and promote the healing of bacteria-infected wounds under 660 nm light irradiation.The underlying mechanism is that besides the local hyperthermia,the nanohybrid material exhibits enhanced photocatalytic performance than single component in it,i.e.,it can also be excited by 660 nm light to produce more oxygen radical species(ROS)due to the following factors.On one hand,the Zn doping can reduce the work function and the band gap of MoS_(2),which promotes the movement of photoexcited electrons to the surface of the material.On the other hand,the combination between Zn-MoS_(2)and MOF induces the formation of a built-in electric field due to their work function difference,thus accelerating the separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs.Because of the synergy of photocatalytic effect,photothermal effect and the released Zn ions,the synthesized ZnDMZ possessed a highly effective antibacterial efficacy of 99.9%against Staphylococcus aureus under 660 nm light irradiation for 20 min without cytotoxicity.In vivo tests showed that this nanohybrid material promoted the wound healing due to the released Zn ions.This nanohybrid will be promising for rapid and portable treatment of bacteria-infected open wounds in pathogenic bacteria contaminated environments.展开更多
Numerous fluorescent marker lines are currently available to visualize microtubule(MT)architecture and dynamics in living plant cells, such as markers expressing p35S::GFP-MBD or p35S::GFP-TUB6.However, these MT marke...Numerous fluorescent marker lines are currently available to visualize microtubule(MT)architecture and dynamics in living plant cells, such as markers expressing p35S::GFP-MBD or p35S::GFP-TUB6.However, these MT marker lines display obvious defects that affect plant growth or produce unstable fluorescent signals. Here, a series of new marker lines were developed, including the pTUB6::VisGreen-TUB6-expressing line in which TUB6 is under the control of its endogenous regulatory elements and e GFP is replaced with VisGreen, a brighter fluorescent protein. Moreover, two different markers were combined into one expression vector and developed two dual-marker lines.These marker lines produce bright, stable fluorescent signals in various tissues, and greatly shorten the screening process for generating dual-marker lines.These new marker lines provide a novel resource for MT research.展开更多
The utilization of 3-dimensional point cloud technology for non-invasive measurement of plant phenotypic parameters can furnish important data for plant breeding,agricultural production,and diverse research applicatio...The utilization of 3-dimensional point cloud technology for non-invasive measurement of plant phenotypic parameters can furnish important data for plant breeding,agricultural production,and diverse research applications.Nevertheless,the utilization of depth sensors and other tools for capturing plant point clouds often results in missing and incomplete data due to the limitations of 2.5D imaging features and leaf occlusion.This drawback obstructed the accurate extraction of phenotypic parameters.Hence,this study presented a solution for incomplete flowering Chinese Cabbage point clouds using Point Fractal Network-based techniques.The study performed experiments on flowering Chinese Cabbage by constructing a point cloud dataset of their leaves and training the network.The findings demonstrated that our network is stable and robust,as it can effectively complete diverse leaf point cloud morphologies,missing ratios,and multi-missing scenarios.A novel framework is presented for 3D plant reconstruction using a single-view RGB-D(Red,Green,Blue and Depth)image.This method leveraged deep learning to complete localized incomplete leaf point clouds acquired by RGB-D cameras under occlusion conditions.Additionally,the extracted leaf area parameters,based on triangular mesh,were compared with the measured values.The outcomes revealed that prior to the point cloud completion,the R^(2)value of the flowering Chinese Cabbage's estimated leaf area(in comparison to the standard reference value)was 0.9162.The root mean square error(RMSE)was 15.88 cm^(2),and the average relative error was 22.11%.However,post-completion,the estimated value of leaf area witnessed a significant improvement,with an R^(2)of 0.9637,an RMSE of 6.79 cm^(2),and average relative error of 8.82%.The accuracy of estimating the phenotypic parameters has been enhanced significantly,enabling efficient retrieval of such parameters.This development offers a fresh perspective for non-destructive identification of plant phenotypes.展开更多
The mechanism underlying pollen tube growth involves diverse genes and molecular pathways. Alterations in the regulatory genes or pathways cause phenotypic changes reflected by cellular morphology, which can be captur...The mechanism underlying pollen tube growth involves diverse genes and molecular pathways. Alterations in the regulatory genes or pathways cause phenotypic changes reflected by cellular morphology, which can be captured using fluorescence microscopy. Determining and classifying pollen tube morphological phenotypes in such microscopic images is key to our understanding the involvement of genes and pathways. In this context, we propose a computational method to extract quantitative morphological features, and demonstrate that these features reflect morphological differences relevant to distinguish different defects of pollen tube growth. The corresponding software tool furthermore includes a novel semi-automated image segmentation approach, allowing to highly accurately identify the boundary of a pollen tube in a microscopic image.展开更多
Multi-drug resistant bacterial infections pose a significant threat to human health.Thus,the development of effective bactericidal strategies is a pressing concern.In this study,a ternary heterostructure(Zn-CN/P-GO/Bi...Multi-drug resistant bacterial infections pose a significant threat to human health.Thus,the development of effective bactericidal strategies is a pressing concern.In this study,a ternary heterostructure(Zn-CN/P-GO/BiS)comprised of Zn-doped graphite phase carbon nitride(g-C3N4),phosphorous-doped graphene oxide(GO)and bismuth sulphide(Bi_(2)S_(3))is constructed for efficiently treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)-infected wound.Zn doping-induced defect sites in g-C_(3)N_(4) results in a reduced band gap(ΔE)and a smaller energy gap(ΔEST)between the singlet state S_(1) and triplet state T_(1),which favours two-photon excitation and accelerates electron transfer.Furthermore,the formation of an internal electric field at the ternary heterogeneous interface optimizes the charge transfer pathway,inhibits the recombination of electron-hole pairs,improves the photodynamic effect of g-C3N4,and enhances its catalytic performance.Therefore,the Zn-CN/P-GO/BiS significantly augments the production of reactive oxygen species and heat under 808 nm NIR(0.67 W cm^(-2))irradiation,leading to the elimination of 99.60%±0.07%MRSA within 20 min.Additionally,the release of essential trace elements(Zn and P)promotes wound healing by activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPAR)signaling pathways.This work provides unique insight into the rapid antibacterial applications of trace element doping and two-photon excitation.展开更多
The progress of on-chip optical communication relies on integrated multi-dimensional mode(de)multiplexers to enhance communication capacity and establish comprehensive networks.However,existing multi-dimensional(de)mu...The progress of on-chip optical communication relies on integrated multi-dimensional mode(de)multiplexers to enhance communication capacity and establish comprehensive networks.However,existing multi-dimensional(de)multiplexers,involving modes and wavelengths,face limitations due to their reliance on single-directional total internal reflection and multi-level mode conversion based on directional coupling principles.These constraints restrict their potential for full-duplex functionality and highly integrated communication.We solve these problems by introducing a photonic-like crystal-connected bidirectional micro-ring resonator array(PBMRA)and apply it to duplex mode-wavelength multiplexing communication.The directional independence of total internal reflection and the cumulative effect of the subwavelength-scale pillar within the single-level photonic crystal enable bidirectional mode and wavelength multiplexed signals to transmit among multi-pair nodes without interference,improving on-chip integration in single-level mode conversion.As a proof of concept,we fabricated a nine-channel bidirectional multi-dimensional(de)multiplexer,featuring three wavelengths and three TE modes,compactly housed within a footprint of 80μm×80μm,which efficiently transmits QPSK-OFDM signals at a rate of 216 Gbit/s,achieving a bit error rate lower than 10^(-4).Leveraging the co-ring transmission characteristic and the orthogonality of the mode-wavelength channel,this(de)multiplexer also enables a doubling of communication capacity using two physical transmission channels.展开更多
基金supported by NSFC-Guangdong Province Joint Program(Key program No U21A2084)the China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(No.51925104)+8 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173251)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52401307)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province(No.226Z1303 G)Yanzhao Young Sci-entist Project(No.C2023202018)Beijing Natural Science Foun-dation(No.7232338)the Key project of Beijing Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund(No.L242040)the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing(Wuhan University of Technology)(No.2024-KF-7)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52471256)the Shen-zhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee Project(No.SGDX20220530111405038).
文摘Osteomyelitis is a state of inflammation caused by pathogens with progressive bone destruction.In critical conditions,osteomyelitis can result in limb necrosis,dysfunction,and permanent disability.Traditional treatments for osteomyelitis usually include antibiotics and surgical debridement.However,overuse of antibiotics can result in bacterial resistance and serious side effects.In this paper,a microwave(MW)-responsive composite MoS_(2)/Bi_(2)S_(3)/BaTiO_(3) was constructed from flaky nanoflower molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2)),rod-shaped bismuth sulfide(Bi_(2)S_(3)),and bulk barium titanate(BaTiO_(3))for the therapy of bacteriainfected osteomyelitis.Under MW irradiation,MoS_(2)/Bi_(2)S_(3)/BaTiO_(3) could generate MW heat and reactive oxygen species(ROS),and its MW thermal response mechanism was investigated by MW vector analysis,which showed that the MW thermal response performance of MoS_(2)/Bi_(2)S_(3)/BaTiO_(3) was devoted to the reflection loss,dielectric loss,and suitable impedance matching and attenuation constants induced by the interfacial polarization,dipole polarization,and ferroelectrode polarization.Under MW irradiation,due to strong electromagnetic field enhancement parameters and low oxygen adsorption energy,MoS_(2)/Bi_(2)S_(3)/BaTiO_(3) could form a heterogeneous interface to accelerate charge transfer,resulting in ROS.The antibacterial mechanism of MoS_(2)/Bi_(2)S_(3)/BaTiO_(3) was investigated by bacterial transcriptome RNA sequencing analysis,which indicated that MoS_(2)/Bi_(2)S_(3)/BaTiO_(3) had excellent antibacterial properties.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFE0105200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21905072,22077025,22207029,U20A20260)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.B2020202086,B2023202024,B2021202041,B2020202062)the Financial Support Project of Central Government for Promoting Development of Science and Technology of Hebei Province(No.236Z2705G)the Excellent Young Scientist Fund of the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2022202027)the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(No.ZD2021032).
文摘With prolonged exposure in the human body,titanium alloy implants face challenges associated with bacterial attachment and proliferation,leading to implant failure and severe complications.Photothermal therapy(PTT)emerges as an efficient strategy for biofilm elimination.However,the local high temperature of PTT and incomplete bacteria ablation in low-temperature PTT pose risks of damage to normal tissues and biofilm recalcitrance,respectively.In this study,we synergistically combined photothermal therapy and chemotherapy to mildly disrupt biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)to enhance the efficiency of biofilm ablation.The synergistic nanoplatform comprises near-infrared-light responsive con-jugated polymers,heat-sensitive liposomes,and the antibiotic daptomycin for biofilm elimination.The heat generated by conjugated polymers,stimulated with 808 nm light,alters biofilm permeability and releases antibiotics locally to eradicate biofilm.The nanoparticles exhibit biofilm dispersion activity and can effectively inhibit biofilm growth for up to 5 days.Consequently,this nanoplatform based on conjugated polymers offers a reliable method for ablating biofilms on titanium alloy implant and exhibits potential in drug-resistant clinical applications.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42476143)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2022QD022)。
文摘A new tintinnid ciliate,Salpingella subarctica Zhang,Li & Li,sp.nov.was discovered in waters from the subarctic north Pacific Ocean to the Arctic Ocean during six research cruises conducted between July and September over the past decade.Distinct lorica characteristics justify the establishment of this new species,distinguishing it from previously known species:an average lorica opening diameter(12.6 μm),an average posterior lorica opening diameter(3.6 μm),a smaller lorica length(41.8–69.5 μm),a prominent posterior opening,and 8–10 longitudinal fins extending parallelly from the opening to the posterior end.It occurred in water with temperature of-1.6–20.5℃ and salinity of 25.3–34.4,and preferred to salinity of 32,temperature of 11℃ in open ocean in Pacific Ocean,and 0℃ in Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea.
基金The Petrochina Basic Prospective Science and Technology Research Project-Overseas deepwater ultra-deepwater oil and gas exploration technology research topic,under contract No.2021DJ2403.
文摘The development of sedimentary layers in offshore salt-bearing basins in the central segment of west Africa is closely linked to elements such as faults,igneous rocks and crustal thickness.To investigate their spatial relationships,we analyzed gravity and magnetic data in the oceanic areas,and employed edge detection,correlation analysis,and inversion techniques to study the characteristics of these geological elements.Our findings revealed numerous faults and igneous rocks in the crust underlying these non-volcanic continental margins,and these faults and igneous rocks continued to indirectly influence basin sedimentation since the rift period.On the basis of the thickness of the crust and sedimentary layers,we classified the offshore basins into four types of secondary structural units.Combined with the characteristics of faults and igneous rocks,we concluded that the exhumed bulges within the Western Uplift Zone are favorable for oil and gas exploration.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41706192the Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China under contract No.2017FY100803+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaShandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers under contract No.U1606404the CNRS-NSFC Joint Research Projects Program under contract No.NSFC 41711530149the 2017–2019 Sino-French Cai Yuanpei Programmethe National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41706217
文摘Ciliates are important components in planktonic food webs,but our understanding of their community structures in different oceanic water masses is limited.We report pelagic ciliate community characteristics in three seas:the tropical West Pacific,the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean.Planktonic ciliate abundance had"bimodal-peak","surface-peak"and"DCM(deep chlorophyll a maximum layer)-peak"vertical distribution patterns in the tropical West Pacific,the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean,respectively.The abundance proportion of tintinnid to total ciliate in the Bering Sea(42.6%)was higher than both the tropical West Pacific(7.8%)and the Arctic Ocean(2.0%).The abundance proportion of small aloricate ciliates(10–20μm size-fraction)in the tropical West Pacific was highest in these three seas.The Arctic Ocean had higher abundance proportion of tintinnids in larger LOD(lorica oral diameter)size-class.Proportion of redundant species increased from the Arctic Ocean to the tropical West Pacific.Our result provided useful data to further understand ecology roles of planktonic ciliates in different marine habitats.
基金the Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2017FY100803)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB42000000)+5 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M672149)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0603204)the CNRS-NSFC Joint Research Projects Program(No.NSFC 41711530149)the 2017-2019 Sino-French Cai Yuanpei Programthe International Cooperation Project-Dynamics and Function of Marine Microorganisms(No.ICP-DYF2M):Insight from Physics and Remote Sensing。
文摘Trait structure is increasingly used in plankton ecology to understand diversity and biogeography.However,our knowledge of micro zooplankton(e.g.planktonic ciliates)trait structure and its variation with hydrography is limited.In this study,we analyzed planktonic ciliate trait structure in waters with different hydrography and deep Chlorophyll a maximum(DCM)layers over three seamounts:Yap,Mariana,and Caroline seamounts.Mariana seamount had a lower surface temperature than the Yap and Caroline seamounts.DCM layers over Mariana and Caroline seamounts were deeper than Yap seamount.There was a weak upwelling in upper 50 m around top of Mariana seamount.The ciliate distribution showed bimodal pattern(high abundance appeared in the surface and DCM layers)over three seamounts.At surface layer,the large size-fraction(>30μm)abundance proportion to aloricate ciliate over Yap seamount(44.4%)was higher than Mariana(32.8%)and Caroline(36.1%)seamounts.For tintinnid abundance proportion to total ciliate,Mariana(12.0%)and Caroline(11.5%)seamounts at about 100-m depth were higher than that of Yap seamount(6.4%).Vertically,tintinnid could be divided into 4 groups over the three seamounts.At30-m depth,group I(species occurring from surface to 100 m only)was dominant component over Yap and Caroline seamounts,while group IV(species occurring at every depth)changed into dominant component over Mariana seamount,the weak upwelling might be the reason.Salpingella faurei was the top dominant species,which corresponded to deeper DCM layers over Mariana and Caroline seamounts.Our results showed that the upwelling and the deeper DCM could influence the planktonic ciliate trait structure.
基金supported by the US National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1612843. NHERI Design Safe (Rathje et al., 2017)Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC)。
文摘Rapid and accurate identification of potential structural deficiencies is a crucial task in evaluating seismic vulnerability of large building inventories in a region. In the case of multi-story structures, abrupt vertical variations of story stiffness are known to significantly increase the likelihood of collapse during moderate or severe earthquakes. Identifying and retrofitting buildings with such irregularities—generally termed as soft-story buildings—is, therefore, vital in earthquake preparedness and loss mitigation efforts. Soft-story building identification through conventional means is a labor-intensive and time-consuming process. In this study, an automated procedure was devised based on deep learning techniques for identifying soft-story buildings from street-view images at a regional scale. A database containing a large number of building images and a semi-automated image labeling approach that effectively annotates new database entries was developed for developing the deep learning model. Extensive computational experiments were carried out to examine the effectiveness of the proposed procedure, and to gain insights into automated soft-story building identification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173251)the China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(No.51925104)+1 种基金NSFC-Guangdong Province Joint Program(Key program No.U21A2084)the Cen-tral Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province(No.226Z1303G).
文摘Photocatalysis has been a research hotspot in recent years,and the design and modification of photocat-alysts have been the key points.Common methods for designing photocatalysts,including constructing heterojunctions and homojunctions,have been developed on the basis of heterojunctions.In this study,two homojunctions of manganese dioxide(MnO_(2)),including a high-index crystal plane homojunction and a general homojunction,are prepared using a stepwise hydrothermal method.Using a capping agent,the high-index crystal surface of the MnO_(2)is exposed.It is found that the electron transport efficiency be-tween the two components of the homojunction with high-index planes is higher and the adsorption capacity of the oxygen is stronger,which leads to higher photocatalytic efficiency.In addition,the newly designed high-index homojunction is used for the treatment of bacterial infections,and it kills Staphy-lococcus aureus(S.aureus)and Escherichia coli(E.coli)at rates of 99.95%±0.04%and 99.31%±0.25%,respectively.It also has excellent therapeutic effects on mouse wounds,which implies superb practical application value.This work provides a new strategy for the improved design of homojunctions and the application of photocatalytic materials.
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant(NSERC RGPIN-2022-05028 and DGECR-2022-00522)supported by the“National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72001162)”。
文摘With urban residents’increasing reliance on metro systems for commuting and other daily activities,extreme weather events such as heavy rainfall and flooding impacting the metro system services are becoming increasingly of concern.Plans for such emergency interruptions require a thorough understanding of the potential outcomes on both the system and individual component scales.However,due to the complex dynamics,constraints,and interactions of the elements involved(e.g.,disaster,infrastructure,service operation,and travel behavior),there is still no framework that comprehensively evaluates the system performance across different spatiotemporal scales and is flexible enough to handle increasingly detailed travel behavior,transit service,and disaster information data.Built on an agent-based model(ABM)framework,this study adopts a data-driven ABM simulation approach informed by actual metro operation and travel demand data to investigate the impact of flood-induced station closures on travelers as well as the overall system response.A before-after comparison is conducted where the traveler behaviors in disaster scenarios are obtained from a discrete choice model of alternative stations and routes.A case study of the Shanghai Metro is used to demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach in evaluating the impacts of flood-induced station closures on individual traveler behavior under normal operation and a series of water level rise scenarios of up to 5m.It was found that,when the flood-induced station closures only affect a few river-side stations in the city center,the travelers experience only minor disruptions to their trips due to the availability of unaffected stations nearby as a backup.However,as the water level increases and more stations(mainly in the suburban area)are affected,up to 25%of trips are no longer being fulfilled due to the loss of entrances,exits,or transfer links.The system experiences overall less crowdedness in terms of passenger volume and platform waiting time with a few exceptions of increased passenger load due to concentrations of passenger flows to alternative stations under flooding-induced station closures.The proposed approach can be adapted to other disaster scenarios to reveal the disaster impacts on both aggregated and disaggregated levels and guide the design of more spatio-and temporally-targeted emergency plans for metro systems.
基金The Petrochina Basic Prospective Science and Technology Research Project–Overseas deepwater ultra-deepwater oil and gas exploration technology research topic,under contract No.2021DJ2403。
文摘The Zambezi Delta basin is a passive marginal basin located on the East African coast that has good oil and gas exploration potential.Due to the special geological evolutionary background of the Beira High in the Zambezi Delta basin,it has a low gravity anomaly,and the existing seismic survey lines do not cover the whole basin;therefore,it is difficult to interpret the structural characteristics of the whole basin based solely on gravity or seismic data.Based on satellite altimetry gravity anomaly data,this study infers the distribution characteristics of faults in the Zambezi Delta basin by using the normalized vertical derivative of the total horizontal derivative(NVDR-THDR)technique.Then,constrained by seismic data,the gravity anomaly at the Moho interface is extracted by using the fast forward method of the double-interface model of the gravity anomaly,and this anomaly is then removed from the Bouguer gravity anomaly to obtain the sedimentary layer gravity anomaly.The thickness of the sedimentary strata is obtained by inversing the sedimentary basement depth of the whole basin.Then,uplifts and depressions are divided based on a sedimentary layer thickness of 3 km.This research demonstrates that the Zambezi Delta basin mainly features nearly SN-trending and NE-trending faults and that these faults exhibit east-west partitioning.The nearly SN-trending strike-slip faults controlled the sedimentary development of the basin,and the NE-trending tensile faults may have acted as migration channels for oil,gas and magma.The“overcompensation”effect of the Moho interface gravity anomaly on the gravity anomaly of the sedimentary layer is caused by the depression of the Moho interface beneath the Beira High,which results in a low gravity anomaly value for the Beira High.The pattern of uplifts and depressions trends NE and has the structural characteristics of east-west blocks.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62201248)the Startup Foundation of the University of South China(200XQD056)。
文摘Dear Editor,Underwater distributed antenna systems(DAS) are stationary infrastructures consisting of multiple geographically distributed antenna elements(DAEs) which are interconnected through high-rate backbone networks [1]. Compared to centralized systems, the DAS could provide a larger coverage area and higher throughput for underwater acoustic(UWA) transmissions. In this work, exploiting the low sound speed in water, a multi-agent reinforcement learning(MARL)-based approach is proposed to secure underwater DAS against eavesdropping at the physical layer.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7232338)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.L242040)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52401307)the China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(No.51925104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173251)the Central Guidance on Local Science andTechnology Development Fund of Hebei Province(No.226Z1303G)the Yanzhao Young Scientist Project(No.C2023202018).
文摘Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by the imbalance of the periodontal microbial ecosystem.Traditional treatment methods not only kill pathogenic bacteria but also inhibit the growth of beneficial bacteria,thereby disrupting the balance of the oral microbial ecosystem.In this study,chitosan,hyaluronic acid,and puerarin were coated on live Lactobacillus rhamnosus to form probiotic-based PSCLR nanoparticles.Subsequently,these nanoparticles were encapsulated in hydrogel microspheres through emulsion polymerization and immobilized in the hydrogel network via the covalent cross-linking of methacrylate-modified hyaluronic acid.This hydrogel restores the balance of oral microbiota by reducing pathogenic bacteria and promoting probiotic diversity,which helps maintain ecological stability and minimize risks associated with microbial community dysbiosis.In addition,puerarin in the gel achieves analgesic and neuromodulatory effects by specifically antagonizing the P2X3 receptor,which affects pain transmission.This study provides a potential strategy for the antibiotic-free treatment of periodontitis and the neuropathic pain associated with it.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62271322,62331004,and 62222501)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2023A1515030152)+5 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Shenzhen(Grant No.ZDSYS201707271014468)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.JCYJ20240813143018024)the Natural Science Foundation of Top Talent of SZTU(Grant No.GDRC202204)Qianxinan Prefecture Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.2023123)the Scientific Research Fund Project of Minzu Normal University of Xingyi(Grant No.23XYZD07)Guizhou Province Youth Science and Technology Talent Development Project(Qian Jiaoji[2024]No.244)。
文摘On-chip multidimensional multiplexing has shown considerable potential for enhancing transmission capacity and developing communication networks in integrated optical systems.Micro-ring resonators,which utilize the wavelength-dependent whispering gallery resonance mechanism and feature customizable cavity lengths,offer inherent advantages for accurate wavelength filtering.These characteristics make them promising candidates for wavelength multiplexers.However,a significant challenge arises from the mismatch in the effective refractive index between orthogonal linear polarizations,which introduces complexities to polarization channel multiplexing and impedes progress in on-chip multidimensional multiplexing that integrates both wavelength and polarization channels.In this work,we propose a double-layer adiabatic structureconnected micro-ring resonator(AMRR)with vertical refractive index asymmetry,demonstrating its utility in multidimensional(de)multiplexers.Our approach enables polarization division multiplexing(PDM)by facilitating polarization rotation between transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations through polarization hybridization.The(de)multiplexing of both wavelength and polarization channels is achieved by controlling the incident light direction and filtering the resonance wavelength within the micro-ring resonator.As a proof of concept,we successfully transmitted 144 Gbit/s QPSK-OFDM signals and achieved bit error rates below the forward error correction threshold at-19 d Bm using the proposed multidimensional(de)multiplexer,which accommodates 3 wavelengths and 2 polarizations.Our design,which leverages the AMRR for simultaneous(de)multiplexing of wavelength and polarization channels,not only overcomes the limitation of traditional micro-ring resonators in implementing PDM,but also reduces the footprint of the multidimensional(de)multiplexer to 27μm×219μm,an order of magnitude smaller compared to conventional designs.
基金This work is jointly supported by the China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(no.51925104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.51871162,5217130333).
文摘Open wounds are prone to infection and difficult to heal,which even threatens the life of patients because bacterial infections can induce other lethal complications without prompt treatment.The commonly used antibiotics treatment for bacterial infections has been reported to cause globally bacterial resistance and even the occurrence of superbacteria.The highly effective and antibiotic-independent therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for treating various kinds of bacteria-infected diseases.In this work,we synthesized an eco-friendly nanohybrid material(ZnDMZ)consisting of a kind of biodegradable metal organic framework(MOF,ZIF-8)combined with Zn-doped MoS_(2)(Zn-MoS_(2))nanosheets,which exhibited great ability to kill bacteria and promote the healing of bacteria-infected wounds under 660 nm light irradiation.The underlying mechanism is that besides the local hyperthermia,the nanohybrid material exhibits enhanced photocatalytic performance than single component in it,i.e.,it can also be excited by 660 nm light to produce more oxygen radical species(ROS)due to the following factors.On one hand,the Zn doping can reduce the work function and the band gap of MoS_(2),which promotes the movement of photoexcited electrons to the surface of the material.On the other hand,the combination between Zn-MoS_(2)and MOF induces the formation of a built-in electric field due to their work function difference,thus accelerating the separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs.Because of the synergy of photocatalytic effect,photothermal effect and the released Zn ions,the synthesized ZnDMZ possessed a highly effective antibacterial efficacy of 99.9%against Staphylococcus aureus under 660 nm light irradiation for 20 min without cytotoxicity.In vivo tests showed that this nanohybrid material promoted the wound healing due to the released Zn ions.This nanohybrid will be promising for rapid and portable treatment of bacteria-infected open wounds in pathogenic bacteria contaminated environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571378 and 31501088)by grants from the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics
文摘Numerous fluorescent marker lines are currently available to visualize microtubule(MT)architecture and dynamics in living plant cells, such as markers expressing p35S::GFP-MBD or p35S::GFP-TUB6.However, these MT marker lines display obvious defects that affect plant growth or produce unstable fluorescent signals. Here, a series of new marker lines were developed, including the pTUB6::VisGreen-TUB6-expressing line in which TUB6 is under the control of its endogenous regulatory elements and e GFP is replaced with VisGreen, a brighter fluorescent protein. Moreover, two different markers were combined into one expression vector and developed two dual-marker lines.These marker lines produce bright, stable fluorescent signals in various tissues, and greatly shorten the screening process for generating dual-marker lines.These new marker lines provide a novel resource for MT research.
基金funded by the leading talents program of Guangdong Province(2016LJ06G689)the Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(NT2021009)+3 种基金the 111 Project(D18019)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B020214003)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2021A1515110554)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M721201).
文摘The utilization of 3-dimensional point cloud technology for non-invasive measurement of plant phenotypic parameters can furnish important data for plant breeding,agricultural production,and diverse research applications.Nevertheless,the utilization of depth sensors and other tools for capturing plant point clouds often results in missing and incomplete data due to the limitations of 2.5D imaging features and leaf occlusion.This drawback obstructed the accurate extraction of phenotypic parameters.Hence,this study presented a solution for incomplete flowering Chinese Cabbage point clouds using Point Fractal Network-based techniques.The study performed experiments on flowering Chinese Cabbage by constructing a point cloud dataset of their leaves and training the network.The findings demonstrated that our network is stable and robust,as it can effectively complete diverse leaf point cloud morphologies,missing ratios,and multi-missing scenarios.A novel framework is presented for 3D plant reconstruction using a single-view RGB-D(Red,Green,Blue and Depth)image.This method leveraged deep learning to complete localized incomplete leaf point clouds acquired by RGB-D cameras under occlusion conditions.Additionally,the extracted leaf area parameters,based on triangular mesh,were compared with the measured values.The outcomes revealed that prior to the point cloud completion,the R^(2)value of the flowering Chinese Cabbage's estimated leaf area(in comparison to the standard reference value)was 0.9162.The root mean square error(RMSE)was 15.88 cm^(2),and the average relative error was 22.11%.However,post-completion,the estimated value of leaf area witnessed a significant improvement,with an R^(2)of 0.9637,an RMSE of 6.79 cm^(2),and average relative error of 8.82%.The accuracy of estimating the phenotypic parameters has been enhanced significantly,enabling efficient retrieval of such parameters.This development offers a fresh perspective for non-destructive identification of plant phenotypes.
基金supported by a Chinese Academy of Sciences Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists (2011T1S11) to A.M.the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30970266) to D.Z
文摘The mechanism underlying pollen tube growth involves diverse genes and molecular pathways. Alterations in the regulatory genes or pathways cause phenotypic changes reflected by cellular morphology, which can be captured using fluorescence microscopy. Determining and classifying pollen tube morphological phenotypes in such microscopic images is key to our understanding the involvement of genes and pathways. In this context, we propose a computational method to extract quantitative morphological features, and demonstrate that these features reflect morphological differences relevant to distinguish different defects of pollen tube growth. The corresponding software tool furthermore includes a novel semi-automated image segmentation approach, allowing to highly accurately identify the boundary of a pollen tube in a microscopic image.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52173251)the China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists (No.51925104)+5 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82002303)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee Project,Shenzhen,China (No.SGDX20220530111405038)NSFC-Guangdong Province Joint Program,Guangdong,China (No.U21A2084)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province,China (No.226Z1303G)Yanzhao Young Scientist Project (No.C2023202018)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.7232338).
文摘Multi-drug resistant bacterial infections pose a significant threat to human health.Thus,the development of effective bactericidal strategies is a pressing concern.In this study,a ternary heterostructure(Zn-CN/P-GO/BiS)comprised of Zn-doped graphite phase carbon nitride(g-C3N4),phosphorous-doped graphene oxide(GO)and bismuth sulphide(Bi_(2)S_(3))is constructed for efficiently treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)-infected wound.Zn doping-induced defect sites in g-C_(3)N_(4) results in a reduced band gap(ΔE)and a smaller energy gap(ΔEST)between the singlet state S_(1) and triplet state T_(1),which favours two-photon excitation and accelerates electron transfer.Furthermore,the formation of an internal electric field at the ternary heterogeneous interface optimizes the charge transfer pathway,inhibits the recombination of electron-hole pairs,improves the photodynamic effect of g-C3N4,and enhances its catalytic performance.Therefore,the Zn-CN/P-GO/BiS significantly augments the production of reactive oxygen species and heat under 808 nm NIR(0.67 W cm^(-2))irradiation,leading to the elimination of 99.60%±0.07%MRSA within 20 min.Additionally,the release of essential trace elements(Zn and P)promotes wound healing by activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPAR)signaling pathways.This work provides unique insight into the rapid antibacterial applications of trace element doping and two-photon excitation.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Top Talent of SZTU(GDRC202204)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20210324095610027)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515030152)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62271322)。
文摘The progress of on-chip optical communication relies on integrated multi-dimensional mode(de)multiplexers to enhance communication capacity and establish comprehensive networks.However,existing multi-dimensional(de)multiplexers,involving modes and wavelengths,face limitations due to their reliance on single-directional total internal reflection and multi-level mode conversion based on directional coupling principles.These constraints restrict their potential for full-duplex functionality and highly integrated communication.We solve these problems by introducing a photonic-like crystal-connected bidirectional micro-ring resonator array(PBMRA)and apply it to duplex mode-wavelength multiplexing communication.The directional independence of total internal reflection and the cumulative effect of the subwavelength-scale pillar within the single-level photonic crystal enable bidirectional mode and wavelength multiplexed signals to transmit among multi-pair nodes without interference,improving on-chip integration in single-level mode conversion.As a proof of concept,we fabricated a nine-channel bidirectional multi-dimensional(de)multiplexer,featuring three wavelengths and three TE modes,compactly housed within a footprint of 80μm×80μm,which efficiently transmits QPSK-OFDM signals at a rate of 216 Gbit/s,achieving a bit error rate lower than 10^(-4).Leveraging the co-ring transmission characteristic and the orthogonality of the mode-wavelength channel,this(de)multiplexer also enables a doubling of communication capacity using two physical transmission channels.
